scholarly journals The role of TGF-β or BMPR2 signaling pathway-related miRNA in pulmonary arterial hypertension and systemic sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Xu ◽  
Guanhua Xu ◽  
Ye Yu ◽  
Jin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Receptor ◽  
Growth Of Knowledge ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe complication of connective tissue disease (CTD), causing death in systemic sclerosis (SSc). The past decade has yielded many scientific insights into microRNA (miRNAs) in PAH and SSc. This growth of knowledge has well-illustrated the complexity of microRNA (miRNA)-based regulation of gene expression in PAH. However, few miRNA-related SSc-PAH were elucidated. This review firstly discusses the role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling and bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPR2) in PAH and SSc. Secondly, the miRNAs relating to TGF-β and BMPR2 signaling pathways in PAH and SSc or merely PAH were subsequently summarized. Finally, future studies might develop early diagnostic biomarkers and target-oriented therapeutic strategies for SSc-PAH and PAH treatment.

scholarly journals TGFβ receptor gene variants in systemic sclerosis-related pulmonary arterial hypertension: results from a multicentre EUSTAR study of European Caucasian patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1900-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugénie Koumakis ◽  
Julien Wipff ◽  
Philippe Dieudé ◽  
Barbara Ruiz ◽  
Matthieu Bouaziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Tgfβ Receptor ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

IntroductionSystemic sclerosis (SSc)-related pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has emerged as a major mortality prognostic factor. Mutations of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) receptor genes strongly contribute to idiopathic and familial PAH.ObjectiveTo explore the genetic bases of SSc–PAH, we combined direct sequencing and genotyping of candidate genes encoding TGFβ receptor family members.Materials and methodsTGFβ receptor genes, BMPR2, ALK1, TGFR2 and ENG, were sequenced in 10 SSc–PAH patients, nine SSc and seven controls. In addition, 22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of these four candidate genes were tested for association in a first set of 824 French Caucasian SSc patients (including 54 SSc–PAH) and 939 controls. The replication set consisted of 1516 European SSc (including 219 SSc–PAH) and 3129 controls from the European League Against Rheumatism Scleroderma Trials and Research group network.ResultsNo mutation was identified by direct sequencing. However, two repertoried SNP, ENG rs35400405 and ALK1 rs2277382, were found in SSc–PAH patients only. The genotyping of 22 SNP including the latter showed that only rs2277382 was associated with SSc–PAH (p=0.0066, OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.24 to 3.65). Nevertheless, this was not replicated with the following result in combined analysis: p=0.123, OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.07.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the lack of association between these TGFβ receptor gene polymorphisms and SSc–PAH using both sequencing and genotyping methods.

scholarly journals Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy in Systemic Sclerosis–related Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Systematic Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 888-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Smith ◽  
Amber Vanhaecke ◽  
Els Vandecasteele ◽  
Miguel Guerra ◽  
Sabrina Paolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Current Screening

Objective.Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is one of the leading causes of death in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Current screening algorithms are hampered by low positive predictive values. Outcome measures that could add to performance characteristics would be welcome. We aim to evaluate the role of nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) using standardized definitions, in SSc-related PAH (SSc-PAH).Methods.A systematic review to identify original research papers documenting an association between NVC and right heart catheterization-defined SSc-PAH was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Subsequently, NVC characteristics were subdivided into quantitative (capillary density, dimension, morphology, and hemorrhages), semiquantitative, and qualitative assessment (NVC pattern), according to the definitions of the European League Against Rheumatism Study Group on Microcirculation in Rheumatic Diseases.Results.The systematic search identified 316 unique search results, of which 5 were included in the final qualitative analysis. The occurrence of incident SSc-PAH unequivocally associated in 2 longitudinal studies with progressive capillary loss (p = 0.04 and p = 0.033) and the progression to a severe (active/late) NVC pattern (p = 0.05/0.01 and HR = 5.12, 95% CI 1.23–21.27). In 3 cross-sectional studies, SSc-PAH was found to be unequivocally inversely associated with capillary density (p = 0.001 and p < 0.05) and associated with the presence of a severe NVC pattern (p = 0.03 and p < 0.05).Conclusion.This is the first systematic literature review investigating the role of NVC in SSc-PAH using standardized description, to our knowledge. Unequivocal associations were found between (incident) SSc-PAH and capillary density and NVC pattern. Integration of NVC into current screening algorithms to boost their performance may be a future step.

scholarly journals Endothelial BMPR2 Loss Drives a Proliferative Response to BMP (Bone Morphogenetic Protein) 9 via Prolonged Canonical Signaling

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2605-2618
Author(s):  
Anne L. Theilmann ◽  
Lindsey G. Hawke ◽  
L. Rhiannon Hilton ◽  
Mara K.M. Whitford ◽  
Devon V. Cole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a disease of proliferative vascular occlusion that is strongly linked to mutations in BMPR2 —the gene encoding the BMPR-II (BMP [bone morphogenetic protein] type II receptor). The endothelial-selective BMPR-II ligand, BMP9, reverses disease in animal models of pulmonary arterial hypertension and suppresses the proliferation of healthy endothelial cells. However, the impact of BMPR2 loss on the antiproliferative actions of BMP9 has yet to be assessed. Approach and Results: BMP9 suppressed proliferation in blood outgrowth endothelial cells from healthy control subjects but increased proliferation in blood outgrowth endothelial cells from pulmonary arterial hypertension patients with BMPR2 mutations. This shift from growth suppression to enhanced proliferation was recapitulated in control human pulmonary artery endothelial cells following siRNA-mediated BMPR2 silencing, as well as in mouse pulmonary endothelial cells isolated from endothelial-conditional Bmpr2 knockout mice ( Bmpr2 EC −/− ). BMP9-induced proliferation was not attributable to altered metabolic activity or elevated TGFβ (transforming growth factor beta) signaling but was linked to the prolonged induction of the canonical BMP target ID1 in the context of BMPR2 loss. In vivo, daily BMP9 administration to neonatal mice impaired both retinal and lung vascular patterning in control mice ( Bmpr2 EC+/+ ) but had no measurable effect on mice bearing a heterozygous endothelial Bmpr2 deletion ( Bmpr2 EC +/− ) and caused excessive angiogenesis in both vascular beds for Bmpr2 EC −/− mice. Conclusions: BMPR2 loss reverses the endothelial response to BMP9, causing enhanced proliferation. This finding has potential implications for the proposed translation of BMP9 as a treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension and suggests the need for focused patient selection in clinical trials.

scholarly journals Exacerbated inflammatory signaling underlies aberrant response to BMP9 in pulmonary arterial hypertension lung endothelial cells

Angiogenesis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-714
Author(s):  
Robert Szulcek ◽  
Gonzalo Sanchez-Duffhues ◽  
Nina Rol ◽  
Xiaoke Pan ◽  
Roula Tsonaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Inflammatory Signaling ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Mesenchymal Transformation

Abstract Imbalanced transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling are postulated to favor a pathological pulmonary endothelial cell (EC) phenotype in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). BMP9 is shown to reinstate BMP receptor type-II (BMPR2) levels and thereby mitigate hemodynamic and vascular abnormalities in several animal models of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Yet, responses of the pulmonary endothelium of PAH patients to BMP9 are unknown. Therefore, we treated primary PAH patient-derived and healthy pulmonary ECs with BMP9 and observed that stimulation induces transient transcriptional signaling associated with the process of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). However, solely PAH pulmonary ECs showed signs of a mesenchymal trans-differentiation characterized by a loss of VE-cadherin, induction of transgelin (SM22α), and reorganization of the cytoskeleton. In the PAH cells, a prolonged EndMT signaling was found accompanied by sustained elevation of pro-inflammatory, pro-hypoxic, and pro-apoptotic signaling. Herein we identified interleukin-6 (IL6)-dependent signaling to be the central mediator required for the BMP9-induced phenotypic change in PAH pulmonary ECs. Furthermore, we were able to target the BMP9-induced EndMT process by an IL6 capturing antibody that normalized autocrine IL6 levels, prevented mesenchymal transformation, and maintained a functional EC phenotype in PAH pulmonary ECs. In conclusion, our results show that the BMP9-induced aberrant EndMT in PAH pulmonary ECs is dependent on exacerbated pro-inflammatory signaling mediated through IL6.

Heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 2527-2528
Author(s):  
Charaka Hadinnapola ◽  
Nicholas Morrell
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Causal Genes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is diagnosed in patients presenting with PAH who have a family history of the disease or carry a mutation in a gene known to be associated with PAH. Heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) are the most common genetic defects seen in heritable PAH. Mutations in BMPR2 are found in 82% of patients with a family history of PAH and 17% of patients presenting with no family history of the disease. Other causal genes include members of the transforming growth factor beta pathway, including activing receptor-like kinase 1 (ACVRL1) and endoglin (ENG), as well as caveolin 1 (CAV1) and the potassium two-pore domain channel subfamily K member 3 (KCNK3).

scholarly journals Evidence for the Involvement of Type I Interferon in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

2014 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. George ◽  
Eduardo Oliver ◽  
Peter Dorfmuller ◽  
Olivier D. Dubois ◽  
Daniel M. Reed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type I Ifn ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Rationale : Evidence is increasing of a link between interferon (IFN) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Conditions with chronically elevated endogenous IFNs such as systemic sclerosis are strongly associated with PAH. Furthermore, therapeutic use of type I IFN is associated with PAH. This was recognized at the 2013 World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension where the urgent need for research into this was highlighted. Objective : To explore the role of type I IFN in PAH. Methods and Results : Cells were cultured using standard approaches. Cytokines were measured by ELISA. Gene and protein expression were measured using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The role of type I IFN in PAH in vivo was determined using type I IFN receptor knockout (IFNAR1 −/− ) mice. Human lung cells responded to types I and II but not III IFN correlating with relevant receptor expression. Type I, II, and III IFN levels were elevated in serum of patients with systemic sclerosis associated PAH. Serum interferon γ inducible protein 10 (IP10; CXCL10) and endothelin 1 were raised and strongly correlated together. IP10 correlated positively with pulmonary hemodynamics and serum brain natriuretic peptide and negatively with 6-minute walk test and cardiac index. Endothelial cells grown out of the blood of PAH patients were more sensitive to the effects of type I IFN than cells from healthy donors. PAH lung demonstrated increased IFNAR1 protein levels. IFNAR1 −/− mice were protected from the effects of hypoxia on the right heart, vascular remodeling, and raised serum endothelin 1 levels. Conclusions : These data indicate that type I IFN, via an action of IFNAR1, mediates PAH.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronique Vorselaars ◽  
Anna Hosman ◽  
Cornelis Westermann ◽  
Repke Snijder ◽  
Johannes Mager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia ◽  
Inherited Disease ◽  
Vascular Dysplasia ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease characterised by multisystemic vascular dysplasia. Heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH) is a rare but severe complication of HHT. Both diseases can be the result of genetic mutations in ACVLR1 and ENG encoding for proteins involved in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily, a signalling pathway that is essential for angiogenesis. Changes within this pathway can lead to both the proliferative vasculopathy of HPAH and arteriovenous malformations seen in HHT. Clinical signs of the disease combination may not be specific but early diagnosis is important for appropriate treatment. This review describes the molecular mechanism and management of HPAH and HHT.

scholarly journals Central Role of Dendritic Cells in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Human and Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1756
Author(s):  
Denise van Uden ◽  
Thomas Koudstaal ◽  
Jennifer A. C. van Hulst ◽  
Ingrid M. Bergen ◽  
Chelsea Gootjes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Type I ◽  
Tnfaip3 Gene ◽  
Protein Receptor ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

The pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is not fully understood, but evidence is accumulating that immune dysfunction plays a significant role. We previously reported that 31-week-old Tnfaip3DNGR1-KO mice develop pulmonary hypertension (PH) symptoms. These mice harbor a targeted deletion of the TNFα-induced protein-3 (Tnfaip3) gene, encoding the NF-κB regulatory protein A20, specifically in type I conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s). Here, we studied the involvement of dendritic cells (DCs) in PH in more detail. We found various immune cells, including DCs, in the hearts of Tnfaip3DNGR1-KO mice, particularly in the right ventricle (RV). Secondly, in young Tnfaip3DNGR1-KO mice, innate immune activation through airway exposure to toll-like receptor ligands essentially did not result in elevated RV pressures, although we did observe significant RV hypertrophy. Thirdly, PH symptoms in Tnfaip3DNGR1-KO mice were not enhanced by concomitant mutation of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (Bmpr2), which is the most affected gene in PAH patients. Finally, in human IPAH lung tissue we found co-localization of DCs and CD8+ T cells, representing the main cell type activated by cDC1s. Taken together, these findings support a unique role of cDC1s in PAH pathogenesis, independent of general immune activation or a mutation in the Bmpr2 gene.

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