scholarly journals Influence of lincomycin-spectinomycin treatment on the outcome of Enterococcus cecorum infection and on the cecal microbiota in broilers

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Schreier ◽  
Daniela Karasova ◽  
Magdalena Crhanova ◽  
Ivan Rychlik ◽  
Silke Rautenschlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Skeletal Disease ◽  
Enterococcal Species ◽  
Cecal Microbiota ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Enterococcus Cecorum

Abstract Background Enterococcus cecorum (EC) is one of the main reasons for skeletal disease in meat type chickens. Intervention strategies are still rare and focus mainly on early antibiotic treatment of the disease, although there are no data available concerning the effectivity of this procedure. The present study aimed to investigate the effectivity of early lincomycin-spectinomycin treatment during the first week of life after EC-infection. Furthermore, the impact of lincomycin-spectinomycin treatment and EC infection on the development of cecal microbiota was investigated. Methods A total of 383 day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four groups (non-infected and non-treated, non-infected and treated, EC-infected and non-treated, and EC-infected and treated). The EC-infected groups were inoculated orally with an EC suspension at the day of arrival and at study day 3. The treatment groups were treated with lincomycin-spectinomycin via the drinking water for six consecutive days, starting two hours after the first inoculation. Necropsy of 20 chickens per group was performed at study days 7, 14, 21, and 42. Bacteriological examination via culture and real-time PCR was performed to detect EC in different extraintestinal organs. Cecal samples of nine chickens per group and necropsy day were analyzed to characterize the composition of the cecal microbiota. Results No clinical signs or pathologic lesions were found at necropsy, and EC was not detected in extraintestinal organs of the EC-infected and treated birds. Lincomycin-spectinomycin promoted the growth of the bacterial genus Escherichia/Shigella and reduced the amount of potentially beneficial Lactobacillus spp. in the ceca regardless of EC-infection. Unexpectedly, the highest abundances of the genus Enterococcus were found directly after ending antibiotic treatment in both treatment groups, suggesting the growth of resistant enterococcal species. EC was not detected among the most abundant members of the genus Enterococcus. Oral EC-infection at the first day of life did not influence the development of cecal microbiota in the present study. Conclusions Lincomycin-spectinomycin treatment during the first week of life can prevent the EC-associated disease in broiler type chickens and has a direct impact on the development of the cecal microbiota. The low abundance of EC in the ceca of infected chickens underlines the pathogenic nature of the disease-causing EC strains. Further research on alternative prevention and intervention strategies is needed with regard to current efforts on reducing the use of antibiotics in livestock animals.

scholarly journals Comparison of Chicken Cecal Microbiota after Metaphylactic Treatment or Following Administration of Feed Additives in a Broiler Farm with Enterococcal Spondylitis History

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1068
Author(s):  
Julia Hankel ◽  
Björn Bodmann ◽  
Matthias Todte ◽  
Eric Galvez ◽  
Till Strowig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Broiler Farm ◽  
Cecal Microbiota

Minimizing the clinical signs of Enterococcus cecorum infections causing enterococcal spondylitis in broiler herds is successful when initiated as metaphylaxis in the first week of life. Mechanistically, either the Enterococcus species present at that time are reduced by antibiotic treatment or antibiotic treatment might induce changes in intestinal microbiota composition with an indirect and subsequent influence. The aim of the present study was to examine the cecal microbiota of chickens after administering lincospectin or different additives to evaluate whether these additives have lincospectin-like effects on microbiota. Therefore, 157,400 broiler chickens were reared in four chicken houses (~40,000 birds each) on a broiler farm with history of enterococcal spondylitis. Each flock was treated either with lincospectin or water soluble esterified butyrins, Bacillus (B.) licheniformis or palm oil was added via drinking water during the first days of life. Ten birds per house were dissected at days 11, 20 and 33 of life and cecal microbiota were analyzed (16S rRNA gene sequencing). Lincospectin treatment elicited significant changes in the cecal microbiota composition until slaughter age. Among the tested additives, effects of B. licheniformis on cecal microbiota composition were most similar to those seen after the treatment with lincospectin at day 11.

Association of Enterococcus cecorum with vertebral osteomyelitis and spondylolisthesis in broiler parent chicks

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Makrai ◽  
Csaba Nemes ◽  
Anna Simon ◽  
Éva Ivanics ◽  
Zoltán Dudás ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Osteomyelitis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Enterococcal Species ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Enterococcus Cecorum

Enterococcus cecorumis the most frequently occurring enterococcal species in the intestine of chickens of over 12 weeks of age, and there are few reports on its isolation from the skeleton of broiler parent chicks. In the present study, observations on vertebral osteomyelitis and spondylolisthesis (‘kinky back syndrome’) showing high incidence in 8 broiler parent flocks in different parts of Hungary are summarised. Clinical signs were seen only in roosters between 5 and 13 weeks of age. Diseased birds were alert and remained sitting on their hocks with their feet slightly raised off the ground. Incidence of the disease among male birds ranged from 8% to 30% depending on flocks. Enlargement and distortion of the body of the 6th vertebra were seen as the main pathological lesions. The cavity of the spinal canal was constricted by the distorted vertebral bodies. Resorption of bone tissue and sequestrum formation, signs of increased osteoclast activity, proliferation of fibrotic tissues, infiltration with heterophils and formation of sclerotic layers were detected in the vertebral bodies. From all 24 samples collected from the vertebral lesions,Enterococcus cecorumwas isolated and identified using metabolic fingerprinting as well as 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Demonstration ofE. cecorumfrom the vertebral lesions in all examined broiler breeder roosters showing the same clinical and pathological findings in different flocks suggested the pathogenic role of this microorganism for the first time in Hungary.

scholarly journals Assessment of Antigout, Antioxidant and Production Performance Augmenting Activity of Piper betle L. in Gout Induced Broiler Chicken

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikrama Chakravarthi Periasamy ◽  
Murugesan Sundaravelayutham ◽  
Arivuchelvan Arivalagan ◽  
Sukumar Karupannan ◽  
Arulmozhi Ayyasamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Oxidase Enzyme

Background: The gout is commonly reported in birds and causes severe economic losses to the farmers. Hence to prevent the gout occurrence P.betle L. herb was selected and its antigout potential was studied in comparison with Allopurinol.Methods: The biological experiment was conducted with 120 broiler chicks and was divided into 5 treatment groups of 8 birds each with triplicate study for six weeks. The groups were control (T1), gout control (T2), Allopurinol (T3), P.betle L. - 10 g/kg (T4) and P.betle L. - 12.5 g/kg of feed (T5). The gout was induced using toxic dose of sodium bicarbonate in water (20 g/litre). The clinical signs and production performance were recorded and gross and histopathology studies were conducted. Serum biochemical parameters viz., uric acid and creatinine were periodically estimated (day 10, 15, 18 and 42 of trial) and anti-oxidant and xanthine oxidase enzyme activity were measured.Result: The production performances and the antioxidant activity were improved in P.betle L. groups and even better than Allopurinol. Also progressive reduction of uric acid and equivalent suppression of xanthine oxidase activity as that of Allopurinol were observed. Hence P.betle L. herb can be used effectively in the prevention of gout in birds.

scholarly journals Glycerol Monolaurate Ameliorated Intestinal Barrier and Immunity in Broilers by Regulating Intestinal Inflammation, Antioxidant Balance, and Intestinal Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linglian Kong ◽  
Zhenhua Wang ◽  
Chuanpi Xiao ◽  
Qidong Zhu ◽  
Zhigang Song
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Interleukin 1Β ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Glycerol Monolaurate ◽  
Cecal Microbiota ◽  
The Impact

This study was conducted to investigate the impact of glycerol monolaurate (GML) on performance, immunity, intestinal barrier, and cecal microbiota in broiler chicks. A total of 360 one-day-old broilers (Arbor Acres) with an average weight of 45.7 g were randomly allocated to five dietary groups as follows: basal diet and basal diets complemented with 300, 600, 900, or 1200 mg/kg GML. Samples were collected at 7 and 14 days of age. Results revealed that feed intake increased (P < 0.05) after 900 and 1200 mg/kg GML were administered during the entire 14-day experiment period. Dietary GML decreased (P < 0.05) crypt depth and increased the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio of the jejunum. In the serum and jejunum, supplementation with more than 600 mg/kg GML reduced (P < 0.05) interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and malondialdehyde levels and increased (P < 0.05) the levels of immunoglobulin G, jejunal mucin 2, total antioxidant capacity, and total superoxide dismutase. GML down-regulate (P < 0.05) jejunal interleukin-1β and interferon-γ expression and increased (P < 0.05) the mRNA level of zonula occludens 1 and occludin. A reduced (P < 0.05) expression of toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor kappa-B was shown in GML-treated groups. In addition, GML modulated the composition of the cecal microbiota of the broilers, improved (P < 0.05) microbial diversity, and increased (P < 0.05) the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that the genera Barnesiella, Coprobacter, Lachnospiraceae, Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, Odoriacter, and Parabacteroides were related to inflammation and intestinal integrity. In conclusion, GML ameliorated intestinal morphology and barrier function in broiler chicks probably by regulating intestinal immune and antioxidant balance, as well as intestinal microbiota.

scholarly journals Glycerol monolaurate ameliorated intestinal barrier and immunity in broilers by regulating intestinal inflammation, antioxidant balance, and intestinal microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linglian Kong ◽  
Zhenhua Wang ◽  
Chuanpi Xiao ◽  
Qidong Zhu ◽  
Zhi Gang Song
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Interleukin 1Β ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Glycerol Monolaurate ◽  
Cecal Microbiota ◽  
The Impact

Extensive interactions occur between a poultry host and its gut microbiome. Glycerol monolaurate (GML) possesses a large range of antimicrobial and immunoregulatory properties. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of different doses of GML (basal diets complemented with 0, 300, 600, 900, or 1200 mg/kg GML) on growth performance, intestinal barrier, and cecal microbiota in broiler chicks. Results revealed that feed intake increased after 900 and 1200 mg/kg GML were administered during the entire 14-day experiment period. Dietary GML decreased crypt depth and increased the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio of the jejunum. In the serum and jejunum, supplementation with more than 600 mg/kg GML reduced interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and malondialdehyde levels and increased the levels of immunoglobulin G, jejunal mucin 2, total antioxidant capacity, and total superoxide dismutase. GML down-regulated jejunal interleukin-1β and interferon-γ expression and increased the mRNA level of zonula occludens 1 and occludin. A reduced expression of toll-like receptor 4 and a tendency of down-regulated nuclear factor kappa-B was shown in GML-treated groups. In addition, GML modulated the composition of the cecal microbiota of the broilers, improved microbial diversity, and increased the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that the genera Barnesiella, Coprobacter, Lachnospiraceae, Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, Odoriacter, and Parabacteroides were related to inflammation and intestinal integrity. In conclusion, GML ameliorated intestinal morphology and barrier function in broiler chicks probably by regulating intestinal immune and antioxidant balance, as well as intestinal microbiota.

Survival of classic swine fever virus in hams made from the meat of pigs vaccinated with the PAV-250 strain and unvaccinated pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-551
Author(s):  
Heidi Amezcua Hempel ◽  
María Salud Rubio Lozano ◽  
Eliseo Manuel Hernández Baumgarten ◽  
Pablo Correa Girón † ◽  
Oscar Torres Ángeles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Strain ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Biometric Analysis ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

The study was to determine the presence of Classical Swine Fever virus (CSFv), in the meat of vaccinated pigs with the PAV-250 strain and then challenged using the same strain. Five treatment groups were established (each with four pigs). Group A: Pigs thatwere fed with processed hams from negative animals; Group B: Pigs that were fed with processed hams from commercial pigs inoculated with the ALD (reference strain) (titre of 104.0/ml); Group C: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs infected with the virulent ALD strain (titre of 102.5/ml); Group D: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs vaccinated with the PAV-250 strain and challenged with the ALD strain (titre of 101.1/ml); and Group E: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs vaccinated with two doses of the PAV-250 strain and challenged with the ALD strain (negative). Blood samples were taken at d 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 for biometric analysis. Groups B, C and D manifested clinical signs of CSFv: 40 °C temperature, anorexia, paralysis, vomiting, diarrhea, tremor, hirsute hair and cyanosis. Pigs were slaughtered and necropsies performed to identify lesions in tissues. Results of direct immunofluorescence testing of tissues were positive and the virus was recovered. Under these study conditions, it was found that CSFv resisted the cooking method at 68 °C for 40 min in hams from unvaccinated pigs, and that the virus was able to transmit the disease to healthy unvaccinated pigs, whereas the hams from the vaccinated animals did not transmit the virus.

scholarly journals 288. Follow-Up Blood Cultures in Gram-Negative Bacteremia: How Do They Impact Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S144-S144
Author(s):  
Azza Elamin ◽  
Faisal Khan ◽  
Ali Abunayla ◽  
Rajasekhar Jagarlamudi ◽  
aditee Dash
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Readmission Rate ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background As opposed to Staphylococcus. aureus bacteremia, there are no guidelines to recommend repeating blood cultures in Gram-negative bacilli bacteremia (GNB). Several studies have questioned the utility of follow-up blood cultures (FUBCs) in GNB, but the impact of this practice on clinical outcomes is not fully understood. Our aim was to study the practice of obtaining FUBCs in GNB at our institution and to assess it’s impact on clinical outcomes. Methods We conducted a retrospective, single-center study of adult patients, ≥ 18 years of age admitted with GNB between January 2017 and December 2018. We aimed to compare clinical outcomes in those with and without FUBCs. Data collected included demographics, comorbidities, presumed source of bacteremia and need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Presence of fever, hypotension /shock and white blood cell (WBC) count on the day of FUBC was recorded. The primary objective was to compare 30-day mortality between the two groups. Secondary objectives were to compare differences in 30-day readmission rate, hospital length of stay (LOS) and duration of antibiotic treatment. Mean and standard deviation were used for continuous variables, frequency and proportion were used for categorical variables. P-value < 0.05 was defined as statistically significant. Results 482 patients were included, and of these, 321 (67%) had FUBCs. 96% of FUBCs were negative and 2.8% had persistent bacteremia. There was no significant difference in 30-day mortality between those with and without FUBCs (2.9% and 2.7% respectively), or in 30-day readmission rate (21.4% and 23.4% respectively). In patients with FUBCs compared to those without FUBCs, hospital LOS was longer (7 days vs 5 days, P < 0.001), and mean duration of antibiotic treatment was longer (14 days vs 11 days, P < 0.001). A higher number of patients with FUBCs needed ICU care compared to those without FUBCs (41.4% and 25.5% respectively, P < 0.001) Microbiology of index blood culture in those with and without FUBCs Outcomes in those with and without FUBCs FUBCs characteristics Conclusion Obtaining FUBCs in GNB had no impact on 30-day mortality or 30-day readmission rate. It was associated with longer LOS and antibiotic duration. Our findings suggest that FUBCs in GNB are low yield and may not be recommended in all patients. Prospective studies are needed to further examine the utility of this practice in GNB. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals 231 Impact of Brachyspira hyodysentariae on intestinal function and integrity

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 116-116
Author(s):  
Emma T Helm ◽  
Susanne J Lin ◽  
Nicholas Gabler ◽  
Eric R Burrough
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Intestinal Function ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Swine dysentery (SD) induced by Brachyspira hyodysentariae (Bhyo) causes colitis and mucohemorrhagic diarrhea in grow-finish pigs, however little is known about the physiological changes that occur to the gastrointestinal tract during Bhyo infection. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a Bhyo challenge on intestinal function and integrity of pigs fed two divergent diets. A total of 36 Bhyo negative gilts (24.3 ± 3.6 kg BW) were selected and assigned to one of three treatment groups (n=12 pigs/trt): 1) Bhyo negative, 20% DDGS diet (CON), 2) Bhyo challenged, 20% DDGS diet (DDGS), and 3) Bhyo challenged, 10% DDGS, 5% beet pulp and 5% resistant potato starch diet (RS). Pigs were fed diets 21 days prior to challenge and on days post inoculation (dpi) 0 and 1, pigs were inoculated with Bhyo or sham. Fecal samples were collected for ATTD and pigs were euthanized for colon collection within 72 hours of initial observation of clinical SD, or at the end of the study (dpi 10-16). Tissues were assessed for ex vivo measures of intestinal integrity and mitochondrial function. The challenge resulted in high morbidity, with 88% of DDGS and RS pigs developing clinical SD. Colon transepithelial resistance was increased in DDGS pigs compared with CON and RS pigs (P=0.005), and colon macromolecule permeability was reduced in both DDGS and RS pigs compared with CON pigs (P=0.006), likely due to mucoid discharge. Colonic mitochondrial oxygen consumption was not impacted by treatment (P >0.10). Further, ATTD of DM, OM, N, and GE were reduced in DDGS pigs compared with CON pigs (P< 0.001), whilst nutrient digestibility was not reduced in RS pigs. Taken together, these data show Bhyo does not appear to reduce ex vivo colonic integrity. Further, the RS diet may reduce severity of a Bhyo challenge.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2/DENV co-infection: a series of cases from the Federal District, Midwestern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Luise Schulte ◽  
José Diego Brito-Sousa ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Guimarães Lacerda ◽  
Luciana Ansaneli Naves ◽  
Eliana Teles de Gois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Since the novel coronavirus disease outbreak, over 179.7 million people have been infected by SARS-CoV-2 worldwide, including the population living in dengue-endemic regions, particularly Latin America and Southeast Asia, raising concern about the impact of possible co-infections. Methods Thirteen SARS-CoV-2/DENV co-infection cases reported in Midwestern Brazil between April and September of 2020 are described. Information was gathered from hospital medical records regarding the most relevant clinical and laboratory findings, diagnostic process, therapeutic interventions, together with clinician-assessed outcomes and follow-up. Results Of the 13 cases, seven patients presented Acute Undifferentiated Febrile Syndrome and six had pre-existing co-morbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension and hypopituitarism. Two patients were pregnant. The most common symptoms and clinical signs reported at first evaluation were myalgia, fever and dyspnea. In six cases, the initial diagnosis was dengue fever, which delayed the diagnosis of concomitant infections. The most frequently applied therapeutic interventions were antibiotics and analgesics. In total, four patients were hospitalized. None of them were transferred to the intensive care unit or died. Clinical improvement was verified in all patients after a maximum of 21 days. Conclusions The cases reported here highlight the challenges in differential diagnosis and the importance of considering concomitant infections, especially to improve clinical management and possible prevention measures. Failure to consider a SARS-CoV-2/DENV co-infection may impact both individual and community levels, especially in endemic areas.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document