Epigenome-wide epidemiologic studies of human immunodeficiency virus infection, treatment, and disease progression

AbstractDespite significant advances in the treatment and care of people with HIV (PWH), several challenges remain in our understanding of disease pathogenesis to improve patient care. HIV infection can modify the host epigenome and as such can impact disease progression, as well as the molecular processes driving non-AIDS comorbidities in PWH. Epigenetic epidemiologic studies including epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) offer a unique set of tools to expand our understanding of HIV disease and to identify novel strategies applicable to treatment and diagnosis in this patient population. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge from epigenetic epidemiologic studies of PWH, identify the main challenges of this approach, and highlight future directions for the field. Emerging epigenetic epidemiologic studies of PWH can expand our understanding of HIV infection and health outcomes, improve scientific validity through collaboration and replication, and increase the coverage of diverse populations affected by the global HIV pandemic. Through this review, we hope to highlight the potential of EWAS as a tool for HIV research and to engage more investigators to explore its application to important research questions.

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Markers predicting progression of human immunodeficiency virus-related disease.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews ◽

10.1128/cmr.7.1.14 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 14-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

C M Tsoukas ◽

N F Bernard

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Immune System ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Surrogate Marker ◽

Disease Process ◽

Surrogate Markers ◽

Hiv Disease ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) interacts with the immune system throughout the course of infection. For most of the disease process, HIV activates the immune system, and the degree of activation can be assessed by measuring serum levels of molecules such as beta 2-microglobulin and neopterin, as well as other serum and cell surface phenotype markers. The levels of some of these markers correlate with clinical progression of HIV disease, and these markers may be useful as surrogate markers for development of clinical AIDS. Because the likelihood and timing of development of clinical AIDS following seroconversion, for any particular individual, are not readily predictable, the use of nonclinical disease markers has become critically important to patient management. Surrogate markers of HIV infection are, by definition, measurable traits that correlate with disease progression. An ideal marker should identify patients at highest risk of disease progression, provide information on how long an individual has been infected, help in staging HIV disease, predict development of opportunistic infections associated with AIDS, monitor the therapeutic efficacy of immunomodulating or antiviral treatments, and the easily quantifiable, reliable, clinically available, and affordable. This review examines the current state of knowledge and the role of surrogate markers in the natural history and treatment of HIV infection. The clinical usefulness of each marker is assessed with respect to the criteria outlined for the ideal surrogate marker for HIV disease progression.

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FCGR2A and FCGR3A Genotypes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Mother-to-Child Transmission

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofv149 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Caitlin Milligan ◽

Barbra A. Richardson ◽

Grace John-Stewart ◽

Ruth Nduati ◽

Julie Overbaugh

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Transmission Risk ◽

Mother To Child Transmission ◽

Child Transmission ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv Acquisition ◽

The Impact ◽

Mother To Child

Abstract Background. Fc-mediated effector functions have been suggested to influence human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition and disease progression. Analyzing the role of host Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) polymorphisms on HIV outcome in mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) will increase our understanding of how host genetics may alter immune responses in prevention, therapy, and disease. This study analyzed the impact of FCGR2A and FCGR3A genotypes on MTCT in a cohort in which Fc-mediated antibody functions are predictive of infant HIV outcome. Methods. Human immunodeficiency virus-positive mothers and their infants from a historical MTCT cohort were genotyped for FCGR2A and FCGR3A. We assessed the impact of these genotypes on transmission and acquisition of HIV and disease progression using χ2 tests, survival analyses, and logistic regression. Results. Among 379 mother-infant pairs, infant FCGR2A and FCGR3A genotypes were not associated with infant HIV infection or disease progression. Maternal FCGR2A was not associated with transmission, but there was a trend between maternal FCGR3A genotype and transmission (P = .07). When dichotomizing mothers into FCGR3A homozygotes and heterozygotes, heterozygotes had a 64.5% higher risk of transmission compared with homozygotes (P = .02). This risk was most evident in the early breastfeeding window, but a trend was only observed when restricting analyses to breastfeeding mothers (hazards ratio, 1.64; P = .064). Conclusions. Infant FCGR2A and FCGR3A genotypes were not associated with HIV infection or disease progression, and, thus, host FcγR genotype may not significantly impact vaccination or therapeutic regimens that depend on Fc-mediated antibody functions. Maternal FCGR3A genotype may influence early breastfeeding transmission risk, but more studies should be conducted to clarify this association and its mechanism.

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HLA-B63 Presents HLA-B57/B58-Restricted Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitopes and Is Associated with Low Human Immunodeficiency Virus Load

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.79.16.10218-10225.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 79 (16) ◽

pp. 10218-10225 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Nicole Frahm ◽

Sharon Adams ◽

Photini Kiepiela ◽

Caitlyn H. Linde ◽

Hannah S. Hewitt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Hla Class I ◽

Class I ◽

Binding Motif ◽

Hiv Disease ◽

Hiv Replication ◽

Immune Correlates ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT Several HLA class I alleles have been associated with slow human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression, supporting the important role HLA class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play in controlling HIV infection. HLA-B63, the serological marker for the closely related HLA-B*1516 and HLA-B*1517 alleles, shares the epitope binding motif of HLA-B57 and HLA-B58, two alleles that have been associated with slow HIV disease progression. We investigated whether HIV-infected individuals who express HLA-B63 generate CTL responses that are comparable in breadth and specificity to those of HLA-B57/58-positive subjects and whether HLA-B63-positive individuals would also present with lower viral set points than the general population. The data show that HLA-B63-positive individuals indeed mounted responses to previously identified HLA-B57-restricted epitopes as well as towards novel, HLA-B63-restricted CTL targets that, in turn, can be presented by HLA-B57 and HLA-B58. HLA-B63-positive subjects generated these responses early in acute HIV infection and were able to control HIV replication in the absence of antiretroviral treatment with a median viral load of 3,280 RNA copies/ml. The data support an important role of the presented epitope in mediating relative control of HIV replication and help to better define immune correlates of controlled HIV infection.

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ORAL INJURIES IN A PATIENTE WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) INFECTION: A CASE REPORT

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i8.2019.632 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Talita Alves De Souza ◽

Thamires Rodrigues Guedes ◽

Érica Da Silva Carvalho ◽

Ângela Xavier Monteiro ◽

Tirza Almeida Da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Case Report ◽

Immune System ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Antiretroviral Treatment ◽

Oral Lesions ◽

Keywords Hiv ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv Aids

The first cases of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) were reported in 1981 in patients with a high decline in immune response. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can manifest itself through various signs and symptoms. The oral cavity is an extremely important way for diagnosis and prognosis, because oral lesions may present as clinical signs of disease progression or ineffective antiretroviral treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate, diagnose and intervene in the oral lesions present in a patient with HIV infection. A case report study was conducted on a patient treated at the Dr. Antônio Comte Telles Polyclinic (Specialized Assistance Service for HIV / AIDS) in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Lesions found in the patient were Leukemia, Smoker's Melanosis and Oral Candidiasis, the latter being treated with tongue hygiene and application of VegelipR associated with laser therapy. It was observed that the treatment was effective and in five sessions there was improvement in the lesion. Oral manifestations are closely related to the HIV virus, since they may be associated with infection and / or disease progression, indicating deficiency in the immune system, as well as interruption of antiretroviral treatment. Candidiasis is an opportunistic infection that, if properly diagnosed and treated, contributes to the improvement of the immune system. It is concluded that the knowledge of the dentist regarding the pathologies and their manifestations is important, as well as a multidisciplinary work in the reference centers for HIV. Keywords: HIV, AIDS, Oral Injury, Dentistry.

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Production of β‐Chemokines in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Evidence that High Levels of Macrophage Inflammatory Protein‐1β Are Associated with a Decreased Risk of HIV Disease Progression

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1086/514192 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 177 (2) ◽

pp. 331-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

Henrik Ullum ◽

Alessandro Cozzi Lepri ◽

Jette Victor ◽

Hassan Aladdin ◽

Andrew N. Phillips ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Hiv Disease ◽

Inflammatory Protein ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Macrophage Inflammatory Protein

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Depression and HIV Infection: Impact on Immune Function and Disease Progression

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852900023452 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 52-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Dean G. Cruess ◽

John M. Petitto ◽

Jane Leserman ◽

Steven D. Douglas ◽

David R. Gettes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Immune Function ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Emotional Challenges ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

System Functioning ◽

Health And Disease ◽

The Impact

AbstractCan psychological factors, such as depression, affect human immunodeficiency virus progession? HIV infection is viewed as a chronic illness in which those infected often confront a number of emotional challenges and physical health and disease-related issues. Over the past 20 years, there has been increasing evidence that depression and other mood-related disturbances are commonly observed among HIV-positive individuals. There is also mounting data showing that depressive symptoms might further impact upon specific elements of immune system functioning and influence quality of life and health status. This paper will highlight studies examining the prevalence of depression during HIV infection and review some of the evidence examining the impact of depressive symptoms on immune function and HIV disease progression.

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