scholarly journals The roles of sex and gender in women’s eye health disparities in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene O. Aninye ◽  
Kathleen Digre ◽  
M. Elizabeth Hartnett ◽  
Kira Baldonado ◽  
Erin M. Shriver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Improve Patient

Abstract Background In the United States, women are at a higher risk of developing vision impairment or a serious eye disease (such as age-related macular degeneration, thyroid eye disease, or chronic dry eye disease) than men. Disparities in eye diseases due to biology widen even further when considering factors such as social determinants of health; gaps in research data, literature, and policy; insufficient provider and patient education; and limitations in screening and treatment options. Sex and gender disparities in eye health are clinically under-addressed and burdensome on both patient quality of life and the health care and economic systems, resulting in a pressing population health issue that negatively impacts women. Design The Society for Women’s Health Research convened a working group of expert clinicians, researchers, and patient advocates to review the current state of science regarding sex and gender disparities in women’s eye health, identify knowledge gaps and unmet needs, and explore better means to advance research, improve patient care, and raise awareness of key issues. Discussion The SWHR Women’s Eye Health Working Group identified priority areas in research, clinical care, and education to reduce disparities and improve patient care in women’s eye health. The working group recommends using a systems approach that incorporates a comprehensive research framework with a sex and gender lens to guide future work and that increases health care provider and public education, as well as engagement by expanding partnerships among ophthalmologic providers, researchers, and non-vision stakeholders.

Impact of Sex and Gender on Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Heitkemper ◽  
Monica Jarrett ◽  
Eleanor F. Bond ◽  
Lin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Partial Agonist ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Seek Health Care ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional bowel disorder characterized by abdominal pain and change in defecation pattern. This review addresses the topic of possible sex (genetic, biological) and gender (experiential, perceptual) differences in individuals with and without IBS. Several observations make the topic important. First, there is a predominance of women as compared to men who seek health care services for IBS in the United States and other industrialized societies. Second, menstrual cycle-linked differences are observed in IBS symptom reports. Third, women with IBS tend to report greater problems with constipation and nongastrointestinal complaints associated with IBS. Fourth, serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonist and 5-HT4 partial agonist drugs appear to more effectively diminish reports of bowel pattern disruption in women with IBS as compared to men. This review examines sex and gender modulation of gastrointestinal motility and transit, visceral pain sensitivity, autonomic nervous system function, serotonin biochemistry, and differences in health care-seeking behavior for IBS.

A Preliminary Study of Nursing Practice Patterns Concerning Dysphagia Diet Modification: Implications for Interprofessional Education With SLPs

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Naomi Gurevich ◽  
Danielle R. Osmelak ◽  
Sydney Osentoski
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Interprofessional Education ◽  
Practice Patterns ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diet Modification ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Swallowing Dysfunction

Purpose Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are trained to evaluate and treat dysphagia. One treatment method is to modify diet consistency or viscosity to compensate for swallowing dysfunction and promote a safer intake; this typically involves softening solids and thickening liquids. Thickening liquids is not safer for all patients, and modification of dysphagia diets without adequate training may reduce the quality of dysphagia patient care. Over 90% of SLPs working in health care report exposure to nurses who regularly downgrade dysphagia diets without an SLP consult. This study explores dysphagia diet modification practices of nursing staff with and without dysphagia training. Method Practicing nurses and student nurses ( N = 298) in the United States were surveyed regarding their dysphagia diet modification training and practice patterns. Additionally, a pre-/posttest design was used to determine the efficacy of a short general tutorial on willingness to modify diets without an SLP consult. Results Downgrading diets without an SLP consult is a common practice. Fewer than one third of nurses (31.41%) would avoid it, whereas 73.65% would avoid upgrading without SLP consult. Formal dysphagia training made little difference to this practice. The short general tutorial also had no beneficial effect, in fact slightly reducing the willingness to consult SLPs. Conclusions Dysphagia diet modification practice by nurses is pervasive in U.S. health care. This is a previously unexplored but common issue SLPs face in work settings. This study identifies a need to clarify guidelines and increase interprofessional education between both professions to improve patient care.

scholarly journals Can computers improve patient care by primary health care workers in India?

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 437-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Peters ◽  
Manish Kohli ◽  
Maya Mascarenhas ◽  
Krishna Rao
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Improve Patient

scholarly journals Pediatric and adult neurologist perspectives on the challenges of sustaining a transfer clinic

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeu A. Fantaneanu ◽  
Claire S. Jacobs ◽  
Claudio De Gusmao ◽  
Ann M. Bergin ◽  
Tracey A. Milligan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
North America ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Transfer Of Care ◽  
Improve Patient ◽  
Adult Health Care

We present a novel epilepsy fellow–driven transfer clinic model and discuss the challenges experienced in finding sustainability; this is timely as many pioneering transition clinics are dissolving across North America. The goal of this clinic was to improve patient care and satisfaction, as measured by a post-visit telephone survey. Unfortunately, our transfer clinic model proved unsustainable due to several factors, broadly categorized as (1) cultural-societal differences between the pediatric and adult health care environments, (2) staffing issues, (3) lack of an established standardized process for transfer of care, and (4) financial and administrative barriers. We suggest potential solutions to these challenges, but the fate of transition and transfer of care clinics may ultimately depend on implementation of practice, policy, and/or financial guidelines.

scholarly journals Sex and gender differences in hypertensive kidney injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (4) ◽  
pp. F1009-F1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer C. Sullivan ◽  
Ellen E. Gillis
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
And Gender

Hypertension is a complex, multifaceted disorder, affecting ~1 in 3 adults in the United States. Although hypertension occurs in both men and women, there are distinct sex differences in the way in which they develop hypertension, with women having a lower incidence of hypertension until the sixth decade of life. Despite observed sex differences in hypertension, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of hypertension in females, primarily because of their underrepresentation in both clinical and experimental animal studies. The first goal of this review is to provide a concise overview of the participation of women in clinical trials, including a discussion of the importance of including females in basic science research, as recently mandated by the National Institutes of Health. The remaining portion of the review is dedicated to identifying clinical and experimental animal studies that concentrate on gender and sex differences in hypertensive kidney disease, ending with a proposed role for T cells in mediating sex differences in blood pressure.

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