scholarly journals Growth, respiratory activity and chlorpyrifos biodegradation in cultures of Azotobacter vinelandii ATCC 12837

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Conde-Avila ◽  
Carlos Peña ◽  
Beatriz Pérez-Armendáriz ◽  
Octavio Loera ◽  
Carmen Martínez Valenzuela ◽  
...  

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the growth, respiratory activity, and biodegradation of chlorpyrifos in cultures of Azotobacter vinelandii ATCC 12837. A strategy based on the modification of culture media and aeration conditions was carried out to increase the cell concentration of A. vinelandii, in order to favor and determine its tolerance to chlorpyrifos and its degradation ability. The culture in shaken flasks, using sucrose as a carbon source, significantly improved the growth compared to media with mannitol. When the strain was cultivated under oxygen-limited (5.5, 11.25 mmol L−1 h−1) and no-oxygen-limited conditions (22 mmol L−1 h−1), the growth parameters were not affected. In cultures in a liquid medium with chlorpyrifos, the bacteria tolerated a high pesticide concentration (500 ppm) and the growth parameters were improved even under conditions with a reduced carbon source (sucrose 2 g L−1). The strain degraded 99.6% of chlorpyrifos at 60 h of cultivation, in co-metabolism with sucrose; notably, A. vinelandii ATCC 12837 reduced by 50% the initial pesticide concentration in only 6 h (DT50). Graphical Abstract

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Conde Avila ◽  
Carlos Peña ◽  
Beatriz Pérez Armendáriz ◽  
Octavio Loera ◽  
Carmen Martínez Valenzuela ◽  
...  

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the growth, respiratory activity, and biodegradation of chlorpyrifos in cultures of Azotobacter vinelandii ATCC 12837. A strategy based on the modification of culture media and aeration conditions was carried out to increase the cell concentration of A. vinelandii , in order to favor and determine its tolerance to chlorpyrifos and its degradation ability. The culture in shaken flasks, using sucrose as a carbon source, significantly improved the growth compared to media with mannitol. When the strain was cultivated under oxygen-limited (5.5, 11.25 mmol L- 1 h- 1 ) and no-oxygen-limited conditions (22 mmol L -1 h -1 ), the growth parameters were not affected. In cultures in a liquid medium with chlorpyrifos, the bacteria tolerated a high pesticide concentration (500 ppm) and the growth parameters were improved even under conditions with a reduced carbon source (sucrose 2 g L -1 ). The strain degraded 99.6 % of chlorpyrifos at 60 h of cultivation, in co-metabolism with sucrose; notably, A. vinelandii ATCC 12837 reduced by 50% the initial pesticide concentration in only 6 h (DT 50 ).


1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 576-581
Author(s):  
H. Berndt ◽  
D. Wölfle ◽  
H. Bahl ◽  
A. Steinbüchl

Abstract In intact cells of the non-gummy Azotobacter vinelandii OP CO-insensitivity of the respiratory activity increased with decreasing dissolved oxygen tension in the bacterial suspension. Upon changing from low to high aeration conditions the CO-sensitive respiration was restored. Measurement of the oxidative activity of small particles of A. vinelandii OP with NADH , ascorbate-DCPIP and ascorbate-TMPD as substrate in the presence and absence of CO indicated that the CO-insensitive site is probably identical with cytochrome a1, which preferably is reduced by elec­ trons from ascorbate-DCPIP. Small particles of the gum producing A. vinelandii NCIB 8660 appeared to be more sensitive towards CO with ascorbate DCPIP than the non-gummy A. vinelandii OP. In small particles the CO-insensitive DCPIP oxidase was present irrespective of the dissolved oxygen tension during cell growth. In intact cells, however, CO-insensitivity was only expressed at low dissolved oxygen tension when electrons are directed to cytochrome a1/o in the branched re­ spiratory chain. Intact cells of Xanthobacter autotrophicus GZ 29 exhibited a similar CO-insensitive respiration as A. vinelandii OP.


Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5347
Author(s):  
Yanara Alessandra Santana Moura ◽  
Daniela de Araújo Viana-Marques ◽  
Ana Lúcia Figueiredo Porto ◽  
Raquel Pedrosa Bezerra ◽  
Attilio Converti

This work dealt with the study of growth parameters, pigments production, and bioenergetic aspects of the microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta in different culture media. For this purpose, cultures were carried out in Erlenmeyer flasks containing F/2 medium, Bold’s Basal medium, or an alternative medium made up of the same constituents of the Bold’s Basal medium dissolved in natural seawater instead of distilled water. D. tertiolecta reached the highest dry cell concentration (Xmax = 1223 mgDM·L−1), specific growth rate (µmax = 0.535 d−1), cell productivity (PX = 102 mgDM·L−1·d−1), and photosynthetic efficiency (PE = 14.54%) in the alternative medium, while the highest contents of carotenoids (52.0 mg·g−1) and chlorophyll (108.0 mg·g−1) in the biomass were obtained in Bold’s Basal medium. As for the bioenergetic parameters, the biomass yield on Gibbs energy dissipation was higher and comparable in both seawater-based media. However, the F/2 medium led to the highest values of moles of photons absorbed to produce 1 C-mol of biomass (nPh), total Gibbs energy absorbed by the photosynthesis (ΔGa) and released heat (Q), as well as the lowest cell concentration, thus proving to be the least suitable medium for D. tertiolecta growth. On the other hand, the highest values of molar development of O2 and consumption of H+ and H2O were obtained in the alternative medium, which also ensured the best kinetic parameters, thereby allowing for the best energy exploitation for cell growth. These results demonstrate that composition of culture medium for microalgae cultivation has different effects on pigments production, growth kinetics, and bioenergetics parameters, which should be taken into consideration for any use of biomass, including as raw material for biofuels production.


2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
Yun Xiao He ◽  
Xiao Ming Chen

The stability factors for Cr6+ and Cr3+ in microbiological media, including temperature, preservation conditions and medium components were studied in this research project, through potassium permanganate oxidation and DPC (Diphenylcarbazide) spectrophotometry. It shows that the protein component mainly influences Cr6+ content changes at pre- and post- heat sterilization to the chromium ionic liquid medium, other than being impacted basically by inorganic salt ions. It also indicates that the method can be introduced into experiment researches for microbe dechromisation i.e. Chromium ion aqueous solution and fluid medium are sterilized separately, and then are made into the chrome ions liquid as per a certain concentration. The concentration of hexavalent chromium ions is affected by preservation time and temperature also. For this reason, chromium ionic liquid medium is kept at low temperature, and as quickly as possible for the test.


Author(s):  
Evelyne París-Oller ◽  
Cristina Soriano-Úbeda ◽  
Ramsés Belda-Pérez ◽  
Lucía Sarriás-Gil ◽  
Jordana S. Lopes ◽  
...  

Abstract The addition of reproductive fluids (RF) to the culture media has shown benefits in different embryonic traits but its long-term effects on the offspring phenotype are still unknown. We aimed to describe such effects in pigs. Blood samples and growth parameters were collected from piglets derived from in vitro-produced embryos (IVP) with or without RF added in the culture media versus those artificially inseminated (AI), from day 0 to month 6 of life. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed on day 45 of life. We show here the first comparative data of the growth of animals produced through different assisted reproductive techniques, demonstrating differences between groups. Overall, there was a tendency to have a larger size at birth and faster growth in animals derived from in vitro fertilization and embryo culture versus AI, although this trend was diminished by the addition of RFs to the culture media. Similarly, small differences in hematological indices and glucose tolerance between animals derived from AI and those derived from IVP, with a sex-dependent effect, tended to fade in the presence of RF. The addition of RF to the culture media could contribute to minimizing the phenotypical differences between the in vitro-derived and AI offspring, particularly in males.


2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samila Silva Camargo ◽  
Leo Rufato ◽  
Maicon Magro ◽  
André Luiz Kulkamp de Souza

Abstract The in vitro propagation technique via temporary immersion bioreactors is a tool that, through the culture in a liquid medium, allows an increase in the efficiency of seedling production. Several researches with the strawberry crop have shown greater efficiency of the system compared to the conventional process of micropropagation in solid medium. In this sense, the objective herein was to establish a protocol of multiplication and rooting of the ‘Pircinque’ strawberry, in temporary immersion bioreactors. Two distinct and independent studies were carried out, characterized by the multiplication and rooting stages of strawberry explants, newly introduced and registered in Brazil. Two culture media (MS and KNOP) were studied and, as a control treatment, the growth of the explants in solid culture medium was evaluated with the addition of 5 g L-1 of agar. Different immersion times of the culture medium were explored: five or eight times a day, for 15 minutes. The study was composed of the culture medium and immersion time factors, as well as the control (solid) treatment. It was verified that the use of temporary immersion bioreactors system is an efficient technique for the multiplication and rooting of explants of strawberry cv. Pircinque, when compared to the conventional method of micropropagation with the use of solid culture medium, making it possible to optimize the production of seedlings in biofactories. The MS liquid medium, in contact with explants of ‘Pircinque’ strawberry five times a day, increased the growth of the aerial part and the root system.


1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle F. Manuel ◽  
Gesine A. Wisse ◽  
Robert A. MacLeod

Two Gram-negative heterotrophic marine bacterial strains had been reported not to require Na+ when grown on a chemically defined medium solidifed with purified agar and prepared without added Na+. When these strains were tested in a chemically defined liquid medium they required at least 3 mM Na + for growth. The agar used in the plating medium was found to contribute 3.3 mM Na+. Increasing the concentrations of Na+ in the liquid medium above 3 mM increased the rate and extent of growth of both organisms and decreased the lag periods. Optimal Na+ concentrations for growth varied from 100 to 500 mM depending on the organism and the carbon source in the medium. Na+ was also required for the transport of the carbon source into the cells. For the maximal rate of transport of L-glutamate, one organism required only 10 mM Na +, the other, 50 mM. For acetate and succinate transport the optimal Na+ concentrations varied from 30 to 200 mM depending on the substrate and the organism. When the initial rate of transport of glutamate into one of the organisms was plotted against Na+ concentration the reponse curve was sigmoid and a Hill plot of the data indicated that the transport protein may possess three binding sites for Na+. Evidence was obtained indicating that both organisms possess a Na+-stimulated NADH oxidase. The results indicate that there are marine bacteria that grow to a limited extent at appreciably lower concentrations of Na+ than have been realized previously and for these a much more definitive examination of the requirement for Na+ is necessary.Key words: marine bacteria, Na+ requirement, growth, membrane transport, NADH oxidase.


2001 ◽  
Vol 183 (21) ◽  
pp. 6169-6174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Socorro Gama-Castro ◽  
Cinthia Núñez ◽  
Daniel Segura ◽  
Soledad Moreno ◽  
Josefina Guzmán ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Encystment in Azotobacter vinelandii is induced byn-butanol or β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). We identified a gene, encoding an aldehyde dehydrogenase, that was namedaldA. An aldA mutation impaired bacterial growth on n-butanol, ethanol, or hexanol as the sole carbon source. Expression of aldA increased in cells shifted from sucrose to n-butanol and was shown to be dependent on the alternative ς54 factor. A mutation in rpoNencoding the ς54 factor also impaired growth on alcohols. Encystment on n-butanol, but not on BHB, was impaired inaldA or rpoN mutants, indicating thatn-butanol is not an inducer of encystment by itself but must be catabolized in order to induce encystment.


1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (23) ◽  
pp. 3943-3949 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. POPPLESTONE ◽  
A. M. Unrau

Cultures of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. emend. Sny. et Hans. f lycopersici (Sacc.) Sny. et Hans. grown on a liquid medium with glucose as the principal carbon source produce, among other products, the phytotoxin lycomarasmin. Acid hydrolysis of lycomarasmin results in the formation of aspartic acid, glycine, and pyruvic acid. Tracer studies showed that glycine-U-I4C, L-serine-U-14C, DL-aspartic acid-4-14C, DL-alanine-1-14C, and glucose-U-14C served as relatively efficient precursors of the lycomarasmin molecule. DL-Aspartic acid-4-I4C was incorporated into the 4-carbon fragment without label scrambling. Glycine was found to be the most efficient precursor of the 2-carbon fragment while glucose afforded the most efficient and direct route for the 3-carbon fragment.


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