scholarly journals Prevalence and predictors of different patterns of hypertension among adults aged 20–60 years in rural communities of Southeast Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufina N. B. Ayogu ◽  
Mmesoma G. Ezeh ◽  
Adaobi M. Okafor

Abstract Background Hypertension, a major cardiovascular disease risk factor exists several years without symptoms. Few data exist on prevalence and predictors of hypertension among apparently healthy Nigerian adults. This makes it difficult for policy-makers to concentrate efforts to control emerging health burden of the disease. This study assessed prevalence and predictors of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH) and combined systolic and diastolic hypertension (CSDH). Methods Cross-sectional survey design was employed in the study of 517 adult participants (20–60 years) in a rural setting. Selection of the respondents was through multistage sampling which involved systematic, proportionate and simple random sampling. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, blood pressure, height, weight, and waist circumference were collected. Frequencies, T-test, analysis of variance and Chi square were used in statistical analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to evaluate variables associated with different patterns of hypertension with significance accepted at P < 0.05. Frequencies, percentages, crude and adjusted odd ratios were reported. Statistical Product and Service Solutions version 21.0 was used in statistical analysis. Results ISH (10.6%), IDH (18.2%) and CSDH (37.8%) were observed among the participants. ISH was less likely among 20–29 year-olds (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.35, 95% confidence interval (C.I.) = 0.13–0.94), 30–39 year-olds (aOR = 0.30, 95% C.I. = 0.11–0.82) and those with abdominal obesity (aOR = 0.12, 95% C.I. = 0.03–0.56). Participants who perceived their health status as good (aOR = 3.80, 95% C.I. = 1.29–11.18) and excellent (aOR = 5.28, 95% C.I. = 1.54–18.07) were respectively 3.80 and 5.28 times more likely to have ISH. Those with secondary education had significantly higher likelihood for IDH (aOR = 2.05, 95% = 1.02–4.14) whereas self-perceived poor health status (aOR = 0.24, 95% C.I. = 0.09–0.65), absence of obesity (aOR = 0.10, 95% C.I. = 0.01–0.81) and general obesity (aOR = 0.35, 95% C.I. = 0.17–0.72) were associated with reduced risk for IDH. Secondary (aOR = 0.60, 95% C.I. = 0.36–0.99) and tertiary (aOR = 0.49, 95% C.I. = 0.28–0.85) education were associated with reduced risk for CSDH but combined obesity (aOR = 4.39, 95% C.I. = 2.25–8.58) increased the risk for CSDH by 4. Conclusion ISH, IDH and CSDH were problems among the adults with age, obesity, self-perception of good/excellent health status and low education level as significant predictors. Health and nutrition education to prevent comorbidities and cerebrovascular accidents are recommended.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Wang ◽  
Ping Qu ◽  
Jingyu Chen ◽  
Xian Tang ◽  
Guang Hao ◽  
...  

Background: Childhood blood pressure is a marker for cardiovascular disease risk later in life. Few studies examined the association between physical activity (PA) and hypertension in Chinese children, and this study aimed to explore this relationship.Methods: A cross-sectional study among pupils was conducted in Chongqing in 2014. In total, 15,203 children aged 6–12 years in Chongqing were included in this study. The duration of self-reported PA on school days and the weekend in pupils were collected with a standardized questionnaire.Results: The results showed that, on school days, only 22.3% of boys and 17.8% of girls engaged in more than 60 min of PA per day; while on the weekend, only 38.5% of boys and 32.0% of girls engaged in at least 60 min of PA per day. There was no strong evidence for an association between PA and systolic or diastolic hypertension in boys. However, in girls, a weak negative association between PA on weekdays and hypertension was observed, and there was a significant interactive effect of PA and obesity on hypertension risk (Pfor interaction = 0.042). In obese children, PA was positively related to the risk of hypertension.Conclusion: The overall level of PA among pupils in Chongqing was insufficient, and a weak negative relationship between PA and hypertension was found in girls.


2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ane Kristiansen Solbraa ◽  
Asgeir Mamen ◽  
Geir Kåre Resaland ◽  
Jostein Steene- Johannessen ◽  
Einar Ylvisåker ◽  
...  

<strong><em>Background</em>:</strong> Physical activity (PA) and high cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Sogn og Fjordane County has the reputation of being the most healthy county in Norway. The level of PA and/or CRF may partly explain this health status. However, only one study with regional objectively measured PA data and one study with regional data on CRF currently exist. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe levels of PA, CRF and CVD risk factors in an adult population in the county of Sogn og Fjordane.<em><strong> Methods:</strong> </em>In total, 314 (♀:178 ♂:136) 40-42-year-olds and 308 (♀:175 ♂:133) 53-55-yearolds participated in this cross-sectional study. PA was measured objectively by accelerometry, while CRF was measured directly. <em><strong>Results:</strong></em> There were no sex differences in total PA level. For the 40-42-year-olds, women spent 6.0min/day [95% CI: –11.7 to –0.3] less participating in moderate PA compared to men. For the 53-55- year-olds, women were inactive for 36.0 min/day [95% CI: –55.2 to –16.8] less and they participated in light activity for 26.4 min/day [95% CI: 7.7 to 45.2] more than men. In total, 30.0% [95% CI: 24.8 to 35.2] of the 40-42-year-olds and 30.2% [95% CI: 25.0 to 35.4] of the 53-55-year-olds met the Norwegian recommendations<br />for PA. CRF was 49.0 ml·kg–1·min–1 for men and 41.6 ml·kg–1·min–1 for women for the 40-42-year-olds. For 53-55-year-olds CRF was 41.2 ml·kg–1·min–1 for men and 33.9 ml·kg–1·min–1 for women.<em><strong> Conclusions:</strong></em> These results suggest that the level of PA and CRF are higher compared to other available data. This might explain the advantageous health status in Sogn og Fjordane.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Rohmah Syahitdah ◽  
Choirun Nissa

Backgrounds: Prediabetes and hypertension was being a health issue in the world. Prediabetes and hypertension that occur together will increase the risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. Risk factor of prediabetes and hypertension who can changed is phyisical activity, stress, and nutrition intake.Objectives: This study aims to determine the association between physical activity and stress with blood pressure in prediabetes woman.Methods: The study was done at Semarang in April-June 2016. The cross-sectional study design with the 28 subjects predibetes woman aged 35-50 years selected by consecutive-sampling method. The data taken were blood presure, fat, fiber, sodium, pottasium, calsium, magneisum intake, physical activity score, and stress score. Spearman test were used to determine the association between physical activity and stress with blood pressure. Linear regression were used to multivariate analysisResults: Seventy five percent of subjects was hypertensive with mean of blood pressure was 89,25 ± 14,64 mmHg. The result showed that most subject (64,3%) were minimally active with mean 2.258,4±1.228,8 MET-minutes/week. Majority, subjects were moderate stress (56,3%). There were an association between physical activity with diastolic pressure, but not in systolic pressure. There were no association between stress with blood pressure.Conclusion: Physical activity was only associated with diastolic pressure and stress was not associated with blood pressure.


Author(s):  
Ae-Rim Seo ◽  
Tae-Yoon Hwang

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between dietary patterns and the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the elderly population in Korea. Methods: Cluster analysis was conducted on the data of 1687 elderly participants (797 men and 890 women) aged ≥65 years from the 2014–2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), using a 24-h dietary recall survey to assess dietary patterns. Dietary patterns were classified into clusters 1 (typical Korean diet), 2 (high carbohydrate diet), and 3 (healthy diet). The 10-year risk of CVD was calculated based on age, total and HDL-cholesterol levels, systolic blood pressure level, antihypertensive medication use, smoking status, and presence of diabetes. A complex sample general linear model was applied to determine the association between dietary patterns and the 10-year risk of CVD. Results: In total, 275 (33.7%), 141 (17.9%), and 381 (48.3%) men, and 207 (22.6%), 276 (30.9%), and 407(46.6%) women were included in clusters 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The 10-year risk of CVD was lower in men in cluster 3 (healthy diet) than in those in cluster 1 (typical Korean diet) (t = 2.092, p = 0.037). Additionally, the 10-year risk of CVD was lower in men who performed strength training than in those who did not (t = 3.575, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in women. Conclusions: After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, men who consumed a healthy diet had a lower 10-year risk of CVD than those who consumed a typical Korean diet. When organizing nutrition education programs to improve dietary habits in the elderly, content on diets that consist of various food groups to prevent CVD is required. In particular, it is necessary to develop content that emphasizes the importance of healthy eating habits in men.


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