scholarly journals Prices of conventional and renewable energy as determinants of sustainable and secure energy development: regression model analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandi Knez ◽  
Goran Šimić ◽  
Anica Milovanović ◽  
Sofia Starikova ◽  
Franc Željko Županič
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Energy Product ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The prices of energy resources are important determinants of sustainable energy development, yet associated with significant unknowns. The estimates of the impact of prices of energy products in the domestic market (for domestic consumers) are rare—hence the importance and novelty of this research. Therefore, the main goal of the paper is to assess the impact of domestic prices of gasoline, gas, coal, and solar energy on sustainable and secure energy future. Methods The research includes 14 countries (of which 7 are developed and 7 are developing countries) and a period of 5 years (2014–2018). The model also includes discrete variables: level of development (developing or developed), and the fact as to whether the country is an energy exporter or not. For the purposes of analysis, the following elements were used: Panel Data Analysis, Linear regression (with random and fixed effects), Durbin–Wu–Hausman test, and Honda test, with the use of R-studio software for statistical computing. Results The research showed that the biggest negative impact on energy sustainability was recorded by an increase in the price of coal and the smallest one by an increase in the price of solar energy. An increase in the price of gasoline has a positive impact, while an increase in the price of gas has no impact. The basic methodological result showed that the fixed effects linear model is more accurate than the random effect model. Conclusions The results of the paper, important as a sustainable energy policy recommendation, showed that the impact of changes in energy product prices is significantly greater in developing countries, but that the status of the country as an energy exporter has no significance. In addition, the paper points to the need to intensify the research on the assessment of the impact of energy product prices for domestic consumers on their ability to pay that price, because with a certain (so far undefined) increase in energy product prices, a certain group of domestic consumers moves into a category that is not in line with sustainable energy development and is extremely undesirable in every respect—energy poverty.

scholarly journals The impact of financial variables on systematic risk – An empirical study in manufacturing industry on Ho Chi Minh stock exchange

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (Q4) ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
Minh Tien Pham ◽  
Bich Huy Hai Bui ◽  
Thao Thi Thu Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Systematic Risk ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Financial Variables ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of financial variables on systematic risk, using the panel data of 64 manufacturing companies listed in Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange (HOSE) during the period of 2011-2015. The three models employed are pooled Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Random Effect Model (REM), and Fixed Effects Model (FEM). The results of model tests show that FEM is the most suitable to carry out the analysis. In order to increase the efficiency of the model, the tests for model problems are conducted. The results point to the presence of heteroskedasticity problem in the model; therefore, the modified FEM is used to deal with this issue. Empirical evidence from HOSE indicates that leverage has a significantly positive impact while operating efficiency and profitability show significantly negative impact on systematic risk (beta).

scholarly journals PENGARUH BELANJA PEMERINTAH PUSAT TERHADAP PENERIMAAN NEGARA BUKAN PAJAK PADA KEMENTERIAN NEGARA/LEMBAGA PERIODE 2012-2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-245
Author(s):  
Puji Wibowo ◽  
Yoopi Abimanyu ◽  
Heri Syafardi ◽  
Muhadi Prabowo ◽  
Iin Indrawati
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Impact

Various studies evaluate the impact of budget on government revenue at sub national levels. There are few empirical findings that show how central government budget may influence federal revenue collected by ministries. This study aims to investigate the budget impact of non tax revenue across Indonesian line ministries/agencies in the 2012-2017 period prior to the implementation of Act 9 Year 2018 concerning Non Tax Revenue. By using purposive sampling method, we found there were 24 government institutions observed in this study. We conducted granger causality and panel data analysis by adopting random effect model to examine the effect of goods and services expenditure, capital expenditure, and employee expenditure on non-tax revenue. It is concluded that only government spending on goods and services significantly affects on non-tax revenue performance, while the two other variables have no impacts. Abstrak Sejumlah riset telah dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh anggaran belanja terhadap pendapatan pemerintah pada level pemerintahan daerah. Sampai saat masih sedikit bukti yang mengungkapkan adanya pengaruh alokasi anggaran belanja pemerintah pusat terhadap pendapatan yang diperoleh Kementerian Negara/Lembaga (K/L). Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan pengaruh alokasi anggaran terhadap realisasi Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak (PNBP) pada K/L selama periode 2012-2017, sebelum pemberlakuan UU Nomor 9 Tahun 2018 tentang Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, diperoleh 24 instansi pemerintah sebagai objek penelitian. Dengan menggunakan analisis granger dan panel data dengan pendekatan random effect model, penelitian ini menguji pengaruh belanja barang, belanja modal, dan belanja pegawai terhadap kinerja PNBP. Hasil studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa belanja barang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap capaian realisasi PNBP pada K/L, sementara kedua variabel belanja yang lain tidak berdampak signifikan  

scholarly journals Corporate Environmental Performance in China: The Moderating Effects of the Media versus the Approach of Local Governments

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Zhiru Guo ◽  
Chao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Corporate Environmental Performance ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This article selects the listed companies in China’s A-share heavy pollution industry from 2014 to 2018 as samples, uses a random effect model to empirically test the relationship between media attention and corporate environmental performance and examines the impacts of local government environmental protection and property nature on that relationship. Results are as follow: (1) Media attention can significantly affect a company’s environmental performance. The higher the media attention, the greater the company’s supervision and the better its environmental performance. (2) In areas where the government pays less attention to environmental protection, the impact of media on corporate environmental performance is more obvious, but in other areas, the impact of media on environmental performance cannot be reflected; (3) The media attention is very significant for the environmental performance improvement of state-owned enterprises, and it is not obvious in non-state-owned enterprises. (4) A further breakdown of the study found that the role of media attention in corporate environmental performance is only significant in the sample of local governments that have low environmental protection and are state-owned enterprises. This research incorporates the local government’s emphasis on environmental protection into the research field of vision, expands the research scope of media and corporate environmental performance, and also provides new clues and evidence for promoting the active fulfillment of environmental protection responsibilities by companies and local governments.

Is internal and external mechanism of governance enriching the performance of the banking sector of Pakistan?

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundas Sohail ◽  
Farhat Rasul ◽  
Ummara Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
General Meeting ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Board Structure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore how governance mechanisms (internal and external) enhance the performance of the return on asset (ROA), return on equity (ROE), earning per share (EPS) and dividend payout ratios (DP) of the banks of Pakistan. The study incorporates not only the internal factors of governance (board size, out-ratio, annual general meeting, managerial ownership, institutional ownership, block holder stock ownership and financial transparency) but also the external factors (legal infrastructure and protection of minority shareholders, and the market for corporate control). Design/methodology/approach The sample size of the study consists of 30 banks (public, private and specialized) listed at the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSE) for the period 2008-2014. The panel data techniques (fixed or random effect model) have been used for the empirical analysis after verification by Hausman (1978) test. Findings The results revealed that not only do the internal mechanisms of governance enhance the performance of the banking sector of Pakistan but external governance also plays a substantial role in enriching the performance. The findings conclude that for a good governance structure, both internal and external mechanisms are equally important, to accelerate the performance of the banking sector. Research limitations/implications Internal and external mechanisms of corporate governance can also be checked by adding some more variables (ownership i.e. foreign, female and family as internal and auditor as external), but they are not added in this work due to data unavailability. Practical implications The study contributes to the literature and could be useful for the policy makers who need to force banks to mandate codes of governance through which they can create an efficient board structure and augment the performance. The investments from different forms of ownership can be accelerated if they follow the codes properly. Social implications The study facilitates the bankers in incorporating sound codes of corporate governance to enhance the performance of the banks. Originality/value This work is unique as no one has explored the impact of external mechanism of governance on the performance of the banking sector of Pakistan.

Impact of trade facilitation reforms on tax revenue

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sena Kimm Gnangnon
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Trade Facilitation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the empirical literature of the macroeconomic effect of trade facilitation reforms by examining the impact of the latter on tax revenue in both developed and developing countries. The relevance of the topic lies on the fact that at the Bali Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2013, Trade Ministers agreed for the first time since the creation of the WTO (in 1995) on an Agreement to facilitate trade around the world, dubbed Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA). The study considers both at-the-border and behind-the border measures of Trade Facilitation. Design/methodology/approach To conduct this study, the authors rely on the literature related to the structural factors that explain tax revenue mobilization. The authors mainly use within fixed effects estimator. The analysis relies on 102 countries (of which 23 industrial countries) over the period 2004-2007 (based on data availability). A focus has also been made on African countries, within the sample of developing countries. Findings The empirical analysis suggests evidence of a positive and significant effect of trade facilitation reforms on non-resources tax revenue, irrespective of the sample of countries considered in the analysis. Research limitations/implications This finding should contribute to dampening the fear of policymakers in developing countries, including Africa that the implementation of the TFA would entail higher costs, without necessarily being associated with higher benefits. An avenue for future research would be to extend the period of the study when data would be available. Originality/value To the best of the authors knowledge, this study had not been performed in the literature of the determinants of tax revenue mobilization, although fact-based analysis was performed.

scholarly journals Renewable Energy Development as a Driver of Economic Growth: Evidence from Multivariate Panel Data Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Singh ◽  
Richard Nyuur ◽  
Ben Richmond
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Renewable Energy Production ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Renewable energy is being increasingly touted as the “fuel of the future,” which will help to reconcile the prerogatives of high economic growth and an economically friendly development trajectory. This paper seeks to examine relationships between renewable energy production and economic growth and the differential impact on both developed and developing economies. We employed the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) regression model to a sample of 20 developed and developing countries for the period 1995–2016. Our key empirical findings reveal that renewable energy production is associated with a positive and statistically significant impact on economic growth in both developed and developing countries for the period 1995–2016. Our results also show that the impact of renewable energy production on economic growth is higher in developing economies, as compared to developed economies. In developed countries, an increase in renewable energy production leads to a 0.07 per cent rise in output, compared to only 0.05 per cent rise in output for developing countries. These findings have important implications for policymakers and reveal that renewable energy production can offer an environmentally sustainable means of economic growth in the future.

scholarly journals Analysis Of Effect Of ZIS (Zakat, Infaq, And Shadaqah), Regional Domestic Products Of Bruto, Regional Minimum Wage And Inflation On Levels Poverty In Indonesia 2012 – 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-211
Author(s):  
Fiky Nila Mustika ◽  
Eni Setyowati ◽  
Azhar Alam
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Minimum Wages ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Poverty Levels ◽  
Domestic Products

This study investigated the impact of ZIS (Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah) Gross Regional Domestic Products, Regional Minimum Wages, and Inflation on Poverty Levels in Indonesia during the 2012-2016 period. .This paper used secondary data in the panel data form. This research conducted a quantitative approach using panel data regression. Based on the results of the panel data testing, the best model chosen is the Random Effect Model (REM). Variables of gross regional domestic products and regional minimum wages have a significant effect on poverty levels in Indonesia while the variables of zakat, infaq, and shadaqah (ZIS) and inflation do not influence the level of poverty in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Service Export Sensitivity to Internet Adoption: Evidence From Dynamic Panel Data Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Walid Chatti ◽  
Haitham Khoj
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Internet Adoption ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Service Export

This study aims to examine the causal linkages relating service exports to internet penetration for 116 countries over the period 2000-2017. Taking into account a wide panel of countries, we apply 2-Step GMM methodology for dynamic panel data models. The results show a bi-directional causality relating service exports to internet adoption for developed countries. For the global panel and developing countries, we find those same results attest a positive relationship between the internet adoption and service exports, but in the opposite way; the impact is very low and not significant. Regarding developing countries, despite the fact that internet positively affects service exports, it is considered less efficient than in developed countries.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study on the Effect of Agricultural Infrastructure Investment on Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Liu Ran
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
New Development ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, using the panel data of the National Bureau of Statistics database from 2010 to 2019, and using the random effect model, we studied the impact of agricultural infrastructure investment on economic growth. The empirical results show that the investment in agricultural infrastructure can significantly improve the national economy, among which the investment in new infrastructure promotes the economic growth to a certain extent. After comparing the eastern, central and western regions, it is found that the investment in agricultural infrastructure in the western region contributes more to the economic growth, and the statistical results are more significant. Based on the analysis of the role of agricultural infrastructure investment in promoting economic growth, this paper will further discuss the relevant suggestions of the “two new and one heavy” policy in the agricultural field, and promote the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure with the improvement of agricultural infrastructure, and promote the formation of a new development pattern of “double circulation”.

scholarly journals Foreign Lending Dilemma and Poverty in Pakistan, India and Bhutan: A Panel Data Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Mariam Abbas Soharwardi ◽  
Hina Ali ◽  
Mujahid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Structural Adjustment Programs ◽  
Foreign Lending ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adjustment Programs

Purpose: In developing countries foreign lending becomes a problem now a day instead of spend this lending for the development purposes. Ultimately this problem causes poverty in these countries where usage of foreign lending is not in proper ways. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of IMF and World Bank lending on poverty in Pakistan, India and Bhutan. In this study corruption, GDP, unemployment, secondary enrolment, and external debt are used as independent variables and poverty headcount ratio as dependent variable. Study finds out the relationship of corruption, unemployment and external debts with poverty and showing the positive relationship while secondary enrolment and GDP showing negative relation with poverty. Moreover study finds out that lending of IMF and WORLD BANK mostly causes poverty in these developing countries instead of reducing poverty because of corrupt government's weak policies for the distribution of loans. It is examined that the countries with strong policies and non-corrupt government can take full advantage of these lending for poverty reduction. But it is noticed that the countries which are the members of IMF structural adjustment programs are facing more poverty problems as compare to those countries which are not involved in these programs or even have less numbers of lending. Those countries are much better than the countries involve in structural adjustment programs.

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