scholarly journals Infection prevention and control (IPC) implementation in low-resource settings: a qualitative analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Tomczyk ◽  
Julie Storr ◽  
Claire Kilpatrick ◽  
Benedetta Allegranzi
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Implementation Themes ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has again demonstrated the critical role of effective infection prevention and control (IPC) implementation to combat infectious disease threats. Standards such as the World Health Organization (WHO) IPC minimum requirements offer a basis, but robust evidence on effective IPC implementation strategies in low-resource settings remains limited. We aimed to qualitatively assess IPC implementation themes in these settings. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with IPC experts from low-resource settings, guided by a standardised questionnaire. Applying a qualitative inductive thematic analysis, IPC implementation examples from interview transcripts were coded, collated into sub-themes, grouped again into broad themes, and finally reviewed to ensure validity. Sub-themes appearing ≥ 3 times in data were highlighted as frequent IPC implementation themes and all findings were summarised descriptively. Results Interviews were conducted with IPC experts from 29 countries in six WHO regions. Frequent IPC implementation themes including the related critical actions to achieve the WHO IPC core components included: (1) To develop IPC programmes: continuous advocacy with leadership, initial external technical assistance, stepwise approach to build resources, use of catalysts, linkages with other programmes, role of national IPC associations and normative legal actions; (2) To develop guidelines: early planning for their operationalization, initial external technical assistance and local guideline adaption; (3) To establish training: attention to methods, fostering local leadership, and sustainable health system linkages such as developing an IPC career path; (4) To establish health care-associated (HAI) surveillance: feasible but high-impact pilots, multidisciplinary collaboration, mentorship, careful consideration of definitions and data quality, and “data for action”; (5) To implement multimodal strategies: clear communication to explain multimodal strategies, attention to certain elements, and feasible but high-impact pilots; (6) To develop monitoring, audit and feedback: feasible but high-impact pilots, attention to methods such as positive (not punitive) incentives and “data for action”; (7) To improve staffing and bed occupancy: participation of national actors to set standards and attention to methods such as use of data; and (8) To promote built environment: involvement of IPC professionals in facility construction, attention to multimodal strategy elements, and long-term advocacy. Conclusions These IPC implementation themes offer important qualitative evidence for IPC professionals to consider.

scholarly journals Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Implementation in Low-Resource Settings: A Qualitative Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Tomczyk ◽  
Julie Storr ◽  
Claire Kilpatrick ◽  
Benedetta Allegranzi
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Implementation Themes ◽  
And Control

Abstract BackgroundThe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has again demonstrated the critical role of effective infection prevention and control (IPC) implementation to combat infectious disease threats. Standards such as the World Health Organization (WHO) IPC minimum requirements offer a basis, but robust evidence on effective IPC implementation strategies in low-resource settings remains limited. We aimed to qualitatively assess IPC implementation themes in these settings.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with IPC experts from low-resource settings, using a standardised questionnaire. Applying a qualitative inductive thematic analysis, IPC implementation examples from interview transcripts were coded, collated into sub-themes, grouped again into broad themes, and reviewed to ensure validity. Sub-themes appearing ≥3 times in data were highlighted as frequent IPC implementation themes and all findings were summarised descriptively.ResultsInterviews were conducted with IPC experts from 29 countries in six WHO regions. Frequent IPC implementation themes to achieve the WHO IPC core components included: 1) To develop IPC programmes: continuous advocacy with leadership, initial external technical assistance, stepwise approach to build resources, use of catalysts, linkages with other programmes, role of national IPC associations and normative legal actions; 2) To develop guidelines: early planning for their operationalization, initial external technical assistance and local guideline adaption; 3) To establish training: attention to methods, fostering local leadership, and sustainable health system linkages such as developing an IPC career path; 4) To establish health care-associated (HAI) surveillance: feasible but high-impact pilots, multidisciplinary collaboration, mentorship, careful consideration of definitions and data quality, and “data for action”; 5) To implement multimodal strategies: clear communication to explain multimodal strategies, attention to certain elements, and feasible but high-impact pilots; 6) To develop monitoring, audit and feedback: feasible but high-impact pilots, attention to methods such as positive (not punitive) incentives and “data for action”; 7) To improve staffing and bed occupancy: participation of national actors to set standards and attention to methods such as use of data; and 8) To promote built environment: involvement of IPC professionals in facility construction, attention to multimodal strategy elements, and long-term advocacy.ConclusionsThese IPC implementation themes offer important qualitative evidence for IPC professionals to consider.

Disinfectants: The role of standardised testing to aid selection. Part 2

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
Martyn AC Wilkinson ◽  
Evonne T Curran ◽  
Christina R Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Healthcare Environment ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Standardised Testing ◽  
And Control ◽  
Microbial Challenge

Choosing which disinfectant(s) to use in any particular healthcare environment is a far from trivial task and one that is undertaken by Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) professionals on a regular basis. The recent proliferation in the number and type of products designed to disinfect healthcare surfaces makes for a seemingly bewildering range of options. The primary factor to consider is whether the disinfectant is capable of killing the likely (but unknown) microbial challenge. For reusable non-invasive care equipment, standardised testing provides objective evidence for IPC teams. This second paper seeks to explain these tests and the conditions under which they are performed to aid in the IPC teams’ disinfection selection.

Saving Lives audits: do they improve infection prevention and control practice?

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Slyne ◽  
C Phillips ◽  
J Parkes
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Clinical Skills Training ◽  
Control Practice ◽  
And Control

Aretrospective audit evaluation was conducted to determine whether the introduction of two clinical skills trainers for four months in a district general hospital improved compliance with infection prevention and control practices. Saving Lives (Department of Health, 2010) peripheral venous cannula and urinary catheter high impact intervention audit data were analysed for six months before, four months during and six months after the clinical skills training was implemented for six control wards and seven intervention wards. Findings showed that although the control wards did not improve compliance significantly over the study period, the intervention wards improved compliance with the high impact intervention care bundles studied and that this practice was sustained for six months after the clinical skills training. The findings suggest that education is required to improve clinical skills surrounding cannulation and catheterisation, which can then be sustained by Saving Lives audits to reduce the risk of infection to patients.

The Role of the Laboratory in Infection Prevention and Control Programs in Long-Term–Care Facilities for the Elderly

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 459-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Simor
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
And Control

AbstractHospital infection prevention and control programs rely extensively on diagnostic microbiology laboratory testing. However, specimens for microbiological evaluation are less likely to be obtained from elderly residents of long-term–care facilities (LTCFs). In this article, issues regarding laboratory utilization and the potential role of the microbiology laboratory in infection prevention and control programs in LTCFs are reviewed. The role of the laboratory in infection surveillance, in the management of antimicrobial resistance, and in outbreak investigation are highlighted.

scholarly journals Improvement of Infection Prevention and Control Practices Using Quality Improvement Approach in Two Model Hospitals in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s286-s287
Author(s):  
Loyce Kihungi ◽  
Mary Ndinda ◽  
Samantha Dolan ◽  
Evelyn Wesangula ◽  
Linus Ndegwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Waste Segregation ◽  
And Control

Background: Little is known about how best to implement infection prevention and control programs in low-resource settings. The quality improvement approach using plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles provides a framework for data-driven infection prevention and control implementation. We used quality improvement techniques and training to improve infection prevention and control practices in 2 model hospitals in Kenya. Methods: The 2 hospitals were chosen by the Kenya Ministry of Health for capacity building on infection prevention and control. At each site, the project team (the University of Washington International Training for Education and Training in Health, Ministry of Health, and Centers for Disease Control) conducted infection prevention and control training to infection prevention and control committee members. Infection prevention and control quality improvement activities were introduced in a staggered manner, focusing on hand hygiene and waste management practices. For hand hygiene, the project team’s technical assistance focused on facility hand hygiene infrastructure, hand hygiene practice adherence, hand hygiene supply quantification, and monitoring and evaluation using WHO hand hygiene audit tools. Waste management technical assistance focused on availability of policy, guidelines, equipment and supplies, waste segregation, waste quantification, and monitoring and evaluation using a data collection tool customized based on previously published tools. Regular interactive video conference sessions between the project team and the sites that included didactic sessions and sharing of data provided ongoing mentorship and feedback on quality improvement implementation, data interpretation, and data use. Results: Hand hygiene data collection began in April 2018. In hospital A, hand hygiene compliance increased from a baseline of 3% to 51% over 9 months. In Hospital B, hand hygiene compliance rates increased from 23% at baseline to 44% after 9 months. Waste management data collection began in November 2018. At hospital A, waste segregation compliance scores increased from 73% at baseline to 80% over 6 months, whereas hospital B, waste segregation compliance went from 44% to 80% over 6 months. Conclusions: A quality improvement approach appears to be a feasible means of infection prevention and control program strengthening in low resource settings.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals Role of Physiotherapy Health Care Professionals in Infection Prevention and Control of COVID -19 – A Pandemic Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1215-1217
Author(s):  
Jarapla Srinivas Nayak ◽  
Tittu Thomas James ◽  
Shubham Menaria ◽  
Dr. Centina Rose John ◽  
Dr. Dhargave Pradnya
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City

COVID-19 is a new pandemic disease which was reported initially at the city of Wuhan in the Hubei province ofChina on 31 December 2019. 1Recent events have reported its presence in more than 150 countries and with 132758 confirmed cases and a total of 4955 deaths as on 13th March 2020.2Although the death rate due to the disease is 6% or less, the persons who are affected in a short span of time is at an alarming rate.3 In this context, World Health Organization (WHO) have declared the disease as pandemic on 11th March 2020.

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