scholarly journals Implication and challenges of direct-fed microbial supplementation to improve ruminant production and health

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajing Ban ◽  
Le Luo Guan
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Production Stages ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria ◽  
Barriers And Challenges

AbstractDirect-fed microbials (DFMs) are feed additives containing live naturally existing microbes that can benefit animals’ health and production performance. Due to the banned or strictly limited prophylactic and growth promoting usage of antibiotics, DFMs have been considered as one of antimicrobial alternatives in livestock industry. Microorganisms used as DFMs for ruminants usually consist of bacteria including lactic acid producing bacteria, lactic acid utilizing bacteria and other bacterial groups, and fungi containing Saccharomyces and Aspergillus. To date, the available DFMs for ruminants have been largely based on their effects on improving the feed efficiency and ruminant productivity through enhancing the rumen function such as stabilizing ruminal pH, promoting ruminal fermentation and feed digestion. Recent research has shown emerging evidence that the DFMs may improve performance and health in young ruminants, however, these positive outcomes were not consistent among studies and the modes of action have not been clearly defined. This review summarizes the DFM studies conducted in ruminants in the last decade, aiming to provide the new knowledge on DFM supplementation strategies for various ruminant production stages, and to identify what are the potential barriers and challenges for current ruminant industry to adopt the DFMs. Overall literature research indicates that DFMs have the potential to mitigate ruminal acidosis, improve immune response and gut health, increase productivity (growth and milk production), and reduce methane emissions or fecal shedding of pathogens. More research is needed to explore the mode of action of specific DFMs in the gut of ruminants, and the optimal supplementation strategies to promote the development and efficiency of DFM products for ruminants.

scholarly journals Effects of feeding urea-treated triticale and oat grain mixtures on ruminal fermentation, microbial population, and milk production performance of midlactation dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kacper Libera ◽  
Malgorzata Szumacher-Strabel ◽  
Mina Vazirigohar ◽  
Wiktor Zieliński ◽  
Rafal Lukow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Branched Chain

AbstractThe starch content of triticale and oat grains provides much of their readily available energy. Synchronizing energy and nitrogen in the rumen is important in optimizing profitability; for this reason, ammonia processing of these grains was evaluated for its potential to modify ruminal fermentation and to improve milk production performance. A mixture of ground triticale and oats (CONG, in a 60:40 ratio 40 by DM) was treated with urea (5 kg/1000 kg) and urease additive (20 kg/1000 kg) containing 200 g/kg of moisture, for 2 wk (UREG). The urea treatment enhanced the pH and CP content of grains by 34% and 52%, respectively. In a batch culture study, CONG or UREG as the only substrate was incubated in a buffered ruminal fluid. Compared to CONG, UREG increased pH, total VFA concentration, total gas, and disappearance of DM, while reducing CH4 production, whereas NH3 concentration increased and entodiniomorph counts tended to increase. In the in vivo study, cows were randomly allocated to two dietary groups (n = 24) and were offered TMR based on maize and grass silage, containing either 155 g/kg of CONG and 80 g/kg of soybean meal (CONT) or 155 g/kg of UREG and 59 g/kg of soybean meal (URET) for 31 d. Ruminal fluid was collected (n = 10) using rumenocentesis. The relative abundances of Streptococcus bovis decreased, but Megasphaera elsdenii, methanogens, and ammonia-producing bacteria increased by URET. Entodiniomorph and holotrich counts were decreased by URET. Feeding with URET increased ruminal pH and concentrations of total VFA, acetate, branched-chain VFA, and NH3. Feeding with URET also increased milk yield. These results demonstrate that replacing untreated triticale and oat grains with urea-treated grains can beneficially modulate ruminal microbiota and fermentation, consequently improving production performance and profitability.

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Probiotics (nutraceuticals) in Gut Health of Domestic Animals; an Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. NAWAB ◽  
W. LIU ◽  
G. LI ◽  
F. IBTISHAM ◽  
D P. FOX ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters

The term gut health is currently becoming more important for domestic animals including poultry. Gut health refers to the fundamental organ system which covers multiple positive functions like effective digestion, stabilizing intestinal microbiota, gut pH and modulation of effective immune response. Gut health depends on proper balance of microbial population. A wide range of feed and pathogen associated factors influence this balance, and adversely affect the animal health status and production performance. Antibiotic stimulators have been used in farm animals to achieve maximum production. But drug resistance and residual effects of antibiotics in animal products (milk, meat and egg etc.) have raised serious issues in human life. Therefore, The European Union (EU) has strictly banned the application of antibiotic stimulators in livestock nutrition in several others countries including China. As a result, an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters are required to support the profitable and sustainable animal production system. Probiotics as nutraceuticals has been categorized as an alternative natural feed supplement for commercial utilization. Such products have been recognized as safe feed additives in animal industry. Very few studies have comparatively described the effect of probiotics on gut health of domestic animals. Therefore, the aim of this review is not only to explore the beneficial effects of probiotics in improving gut health of domestic animals as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters, but also to evaluate the probiotics associated health and risk factors, and to provide comprehensive scientific information for researchers, scientists and commercial producers.

Feeding increasing concentrate to Tifton 85 hay ratios modulated rumen fermentation and microbiota in Nellore feedlot steers

2015 ◽  
Vol 153 (6) ◽  
pp. 1116-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. RIBEIRO ◽  
Y. T. GRANJA-SALCEDO ◽  
J. D. MESSANA ◽  
A. J. NETO ◽  
R. C. CANESIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Selenomonas Ruminantium ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen

SUMMARYThe use of diets with increasing proportions of concentrate to fibre can ensure appropriate energy levels and result in greater efficiency in Nellore feedlot steers. It was hypothesized that higher proportions of concentrate in the diet of these Nellore steers may affect ruminal fermentation and microbiota as a consequence of ruminal pH reduction. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of diets with four different roughage (hay Tifton 85) : concentrate ratios on intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation and rumen microbiota of Nellore feedlot steers. Higher proportions of concentrate in the diet did not affect intake and digestibility of dry and organic matter. The concentration of N-NH3, total rumen volatile fatty acid, acetic (C2), butyric (C4), isobutyric, valeric and isovaleric acids, and microbial nitrogen did not differ among diets. However, increasing proportions of concentrate in the diet resulted in a linear reduction in average rumen pH and increased propionic acid (C3) concentration, resulting in lower relative C2 : C3. Bacterial population ofFibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococus flavefaciensandRuminococcus albusdecreased in the rumen. However, bacteria that are consumers of lactic acid (Selenomonas ruminantiumandMegasphaera elsdenii) and producers of lactic acid (Lactobacillussp. andStreptococcus bovis) increased when animals were fed with high-concentrate diets. The total number of protozoa was similar for the different roughage : concentrate ratios. Protozoan counts were only influenced by diet for the genusDasytricha. The findings point to diets with increasing concentrate to Tifton 85 hay ratios as inhibiting the growth of some cellulolytic bacteria and reducing fibre digestibility, and indicate Tifton 85 hay as a possible modulated rumen fermentation in the Nellore steer feedlot.

Combined use of lactic-acid-producing bacteria as probiotics and rotavirus vaccine candidates expressing virus-specific proteins

2021 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 995-1006
Author(s):  
Atefeh Afchangi ◽  
Tayebeh Latifi ◽  
Somayeh Jalilvand ◽  
Sayed Mahdi Marashi ◽  
Zabihollah Shoja
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria

scholarly journals PSVIII-27 Interactions between the stage of maturity of Eragrostis tef hay and supplemental energy source on forage utilization in beef heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 325-325
Author(s):  
Allison Stevens ◽  
Cheyanne Myers ◽  
John B Hall ◽  
Gwinyai E Chibisa
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Forage Utilization ◽  
Energy Supplements ◽  
Microbial N

Abstract This study evaluated the interaction between the stage of maturity of Eragrostis tef (teff) grass and supplemental energy source on ruminal fermentation characteristics and nitrogen (N) utilization. Six ruminally-fistulated beef heifers were used in a 3 × 3 split-plot design (21 d periods). The whole plot factor was stage of maturity of teff hay [early- (EH) or late-heading (LH)], and the subplot factor was supplemental energy source [no supplement (CON), rolled corn grain or beet pulp pellet (BP)] fed at 0.5% of body weight. Feed intake was measured daily. Indwelling pH loggers were used to measure ruminal pH (d 14 to 21) and ruminal fluid was collected from d 19 to 21 to determine fermentation characteristics, as were feces and urine to measure N excretion. Data was analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS. There was no stage of maturity × supplement interaction for all measurements (P ≥ 0.17). Although dry matter intake (DMI) tended to be greater (P = 0.07) for heifers fed EH than LH hay, it did not differ (P = 0.88) across supplements. Ruminal acetate concentration tended (P = 0.098) to be greater for EH than LH heifers, whereas butyrate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.045) for BPP than CON heifers. However, the duration and area pH < 6.2 and 5.8 did not differ (P > 0.12) across treatments. Except for microbial N flow, which was greater (P < 0.01) for EH than LH heifers, there was no stage of maturity or supplement effect (P ≥ 0.14) on measures of N utilization. In summary, feeding teff hay harvested at the EH than LH stage of maturity increased DMI and microbial N supply, whereas feeding corn and BP as energy supplements to beef heifers had no effect on ruminal pH.

scholarly journals Effects of Xylo-Oligosaccharides on Broiler Chicken Performance and Microbiota

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (17) ◽  
pp. 5880-5888 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. De Maesschalck ◽  
V. Eeckhaut ◽  
L. Maertens ◽  
L. De Lange ◽  
L. Marchal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Hydrolytic Degradation ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Coa Transferase

ABSTRACTIn broiler chickens, feed additives, including prebiotics, are widely used to improve gut health and to stimulate performance. Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) are hydrolytic degradation products of arabinoxylans that can be fermented by the gut microbiota. In the current study, we aimed to analyze the prebiotic properties of XOS when added to the broiler diet. Administration of XOS to chickens, in addition to a wheat-rye-based diet, significantly improved the feed conversion ratio. XOS significantly increased villus length in the ileum. It also significantly increased numbers of lactobacilli in the colon andClostridiumcluster XIVa in the ceca. Moreover, the number of gene copies encoding the key bacterial enzyme for butyrate production, butyryl-coenzyme A (butyryl-CoA):acetate CoA transferase, was significantly increased in the ceca of chickens administered XOS. In this group of chickens, at the species level,Lactobacillus crispatusandAnaerostipes butyraticuswere significantly increased in abundance in the colon and cecum, respectively.In vitrofermentation of XOS revealed cross-feeding betweenL. crispatusandA. butyraticus. Lactate, produced byL. crispatusduring XOS fermentation, was utilized by the butyrate-producingAnaerostipesspecies. These data show the beneficial effects of XOS on broiler performance when added to the feed, which potentially can be explained by stimulation of butyrate-producing bacteria through cross-feeding of lactate and subsequent effects of butyrate on gastrointestinal function.

Effect of Ensilage of Rye Treated with Formic Acid and Lactic Acid Bacteria Inoculant on Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-250
Author(s):  
Jayeon Kim ◽  
◽  
Rajaraman Bharanidharan ◽  
Geumhwi Bang ◽  
Soonwoo Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation

195 Does Feeding a Protease and Probiotic (Bacillus Subtilis) Combination (Syncra® SWI) Result in Improved Growth Performance and Mortality in a Commercial Wean-to-finish Swine Feeding Program?

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 77-78
Author(s):  
Trey A Kellner ◽  
Josh Ellingson ◽  
Ana L P de Souza ◽  
Janet C Remus
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Combined Feed

Abstract The response to probiotics and enzymes is often documented in research facilities with a high degree of control and via pigs with no insults to health or feed intake. However, in commercial conditions, the response to feed additives promoting advanced gut health and improved digestion must be consistent and defined over a wide range of health statuses, stocking densities, feed intakes, environments, and diet formulations. The objective of this experiment was to determine if a combined feed protease and probiotic system (Syncra® SWI 201, DuPont, Wilmington, DE) would improve growth performance and mortality under commercial conditions. A total of 127,092 pigs (6.0 ± 0.1 kg; PIC 337 sired, Hendersonville, TN) from a sow farm producing porcine reproductive and respiratory virus and rotavirus positive weaned pigs were placed in 53 2,400-head commercial wean-to-finish barns that were alternated to 1 of 2 treatments (a control treatment without Syncra® SWI (SSWI) or with SSWI included at 72.6 g/ton of finished feed from 22.7 kg of BW to harvest) in a rolling allotment over a 12-month period. Pigs were on the experiment for an average of 162 ± 1.0 days (until harvest). Throughout the 12-month experimental period, diets (outside of the SSWI inclusion) could change in order to maximize return over feed costs. Data were analyzed using Proc MIXED (SAS 9.4; Cary, NC) with treatment as the main effect and barn as the experimental unit. Compared to the control, adding SSWI improved mortality by 1.9% and percent grade 1 marketed pigs by 2.2% (P ≤ 0.025). Compared to the control, SSWI did not improve ADG (control = 0.75 vs. SSWI = 0.78 kg) or gain:feed (control = 0.401 vs. SSWI = 0.396). In conclusion, the inclusion of the SSWI combined feed protease and probiotic system can improve mortality and grade 1 marketed pigs, but not growth performance under commercial conditions.

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