scholarly journals COVID-19 vaccination program in the mainland of China: a subnational descriptive analysis on target population size and current progress

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Zheng ◽  
Xuemei Yan ◽  
Zeyao Zhao ◽  
Juan Yang ◽  
Hongjie Yu
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
The Mainland Of China ◽  
Roll Out

Abstract Background China is facing substantial risks of imported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and a domestic resurgence in the long run, and COVID-19 vaccination is expected to be the long-lasting solution to end the pandemic. We aim to estimate the size of the target population for COVID-19 vaccination at the provincial level in the mainland of China, and summarize the current progress of vaccination programs, which could support local governments in the timely determination and adjustment of vaccination policies and promotional measures. Methods We conducted a descriptive study of the entire population in the mainland of China, between December 2020 and August 2021. By extracting provincial-stratified data from publicly available sources, we estimated the size of priority target groups for vaccination programs, and further characterized the ongoing vaccination program at the provincial level, including the total doses administered, the coverage rate, and the vaccination capacity needed to achieve the target coverage of 80% by the end of 2021. We used R (version 4.1.0) to complete the descriptive statistics. Results The size of the target population shows large differences among provinces, ranging from 3.4 million to 108.4 million. As of 31 August, 2021, the speed of vaccine roll-out differs considerably as well, with the highest coverage occurring in Beijing and Shanghai, where 88.5% and 79.1% of the population has been fully vaccinated, respectively. In 22 of 31 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs), more than 70% of the population was administered at least one dose by August. With the current vaccination capacity, the target of 80% coverage could be achieved by 2021 in 28 PLADs. Conclusions Disparities exist in the target population size and vaccination progress across provinces in the mainland of China. China has made great strides in the vaccination speed since roll-out, and could basically achieve the targeted vaccine coverage. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccination Program in China: a Subnational Descriptive Analysis on Target Population Size and Current Progress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Zheng ◽  
Xuemei Yan ◽  
Zeyao Zhao ◽  
Juan Yang ◽  
Hongjie Yu
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
Long Run

Abstract Introduction: China is facing substantial risks of imported COVID-19 cases and a domestic resurgence in the long run, and COVID-19 vaccination is expected to be the long-lasting solution to end the pandemic. We aim to estimate the size of the target population for COVID-19 vaccination at the provincial level and summarize the current progress of vaccination programs, which could support local governments in the timely determination and adjustment of vaccination policies and promotional measures.Methods: By extracting provincial-stratified data from publicly available sources, we estimated the size of priority target groups for vaccination programs and further characterized the ongoing COVID-19 vaccination program at the provincial level, including the total doses administered, the coverage rate, and the vaccination capacity needed to achieve the target coverage of 70%.Results: The size of the target population shows large differences among provinces, ranging from 3.5 million to 115.2 million. As of June 10, the speed of vaccine roll-out differs remarkably as well, with the highest coverage occurring in Beijing and Shanghai, where 69.8% and 62.3% of the population is fully vaccinated, respectively. However, in 19 of 31 provinces, less than 40% of the population was administered at least one dose, in 9 of which the proportion was even less than 30%. Compared to the routine vaccination capacity before the COVID-19 pandemic, the COVID-19 vaccination capacity has greatly improved. Nevertheless, the current vaccination capacity is far lower than the target of 70% coverage by the end of 2021 or by mid-2022 in approximately 5%-20% of provinces, particularly the Guizhou, Yunnan, Xinjiang, Fujian and Hebei provinces.Conclusions: Large disparities exist in the target population size and vaccination progress across provinces in China. Vaccine coverage is far from meeting the herd immunity threshold, and the vaccination service capacity needs to be further improved.

Impflücken und Impfnebenwirkungen – eine aktuelle Übersicht

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (04) ◽  
pp. 244-253
Author(s):  
Christian Bogdan
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

AbstractThe success of vaccination programs is jeopardized by gaps in vaccine coverage of the target population. These are frequently due to a lack of awareness, but also result from misconceptions of adverse effects of vaccines. Subject of this article are the current vaccination rates of children, adolescents and adults as well as of medical personnel in Germany, the reporting and surveillance system for adverse effects of vaccines, the magnitude of registered permanent vaccine-induced damages and the possible immunological mechanisms underlying vaccine-triggered autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals Global diversity of policy, coverage, and demand of COVID-19 vaccines: a descriptive study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Chen ◽  
Wen Zheng ◽  
Qianhui Wu ◽  
Xinghui Chen ◽  
Cheng Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Primary Immunization ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Target Populations

Summary Background Hundreds of millions of doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been administered globally, but progress in vaccination varies considerably between countries. We aim to provide an overall picture of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns, including policy, coverage, and demand of COVID-19 vaccines. Methods We conducted a descriptive study of vaccination policy and doses administered data obtained from multiple public sources as of 23 October 2021. We used these data to develop coverage indicators and explore associations of vaccine coverage with socioeconomic and healthcare-related factors. We estimated vaccine demand as numbers of doses required to complete vaccination of target populations of countries according to their national immunization program policies. Findings Use of both mRNA and adenovirus vectored vaccines was the most commonly used COVID-19 vaccines formulary in high-income countries, while adenovirus vectored vaccines were the most widely used vaccines worldwide (176 countries). Almost all countries (98.3%, 173/176) have authorized vaccines for the general public, with 53.4% (94/176) targeting individuals over 12 years and 33.0% (58/176) targeting those ≥18 years. Forty-one and sixty-seven countries have started additional-dose and booster-dose vaccination programs, respectively. Globally, there have been 116.5 doses administered per 100 target population, although with marked inter-region and inter-country heterogeneity. Completed vaccination series coverage ranged from 0% to more than 95.0% of country target populations, and numbers of doses administered ranged from 0 to 239.6 per 100 target population. Doses administered per 100 total population correlated with healthcare access and quality index (R2 = 0.58), socio-demographic index (R2 = 0.56), and GDP per capita (R2 = 0.65). At least 5.54 billion doses will be required to complete interim vaccination programs: 4.65 billion for primary immunization and 0.89 billion for additional/booster programs. Globally, 0.84 and 0.96 dose per individual in the target population are needed for primary immunization and additional/booster programs, respectively. Interpretation There is wide country-level disparity and inequity in COVID-19 vaccines rollout, suggesting large gaps in immunity, especially in low-income countries.

Pengaruh Kotbah, Musik Gereja Dan Fasilitas Gereja Terhadap Tingkat Kehadiran Jemaat

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Frederich Oscar Lontoh
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Church Music ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Target Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
The City

This research is titled " The influence of sermon, church music and church facilities on the level of attendance”. The purpose of research is to identify and analyze whether sermon, church music and church facilities have influence on the the level of attendance. The target population in this study is a Christian church members who live in the city of Surabaya.. Sample required is equal to 47 respondents. Through sampling stratified Random techniques.These influence was measured using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis, t-test and analysis of variance. Descriptive  analysis  were taken to analyze the level of attendance according to demographic groups.The hypothesis in this study are the sermon, church music and church facilities have positive and significant on the level of attendance. The results showed that collectively, there are positive and significant correlation among the sermon, church music and church facilities on the level of attendance  96,2%. It means that 96,2 % of level of attendance influenced by sermon, church music and church facilities and the other 28,9% by others. All of the variable partially have significant correlation to level of attendance.

ANALISIS SUB SEKTOR UNGGULAN YANG BERDAYA SAING PADA SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI KABUPATEN LANGKAT

TABULARASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rif’an Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Welfare Society ◽  
Decentralized Governance

System changes from centralized to decentralized governance has provided an opportunity for local governments to regulate and manage Natural Resources (NR) and Human Resources (HR) in the region to create a welfare society can be characterized by the growth of regional economic growth. The research was conducted to determine the contribution and sub-sectors growth in the agricultural sector and a base and competitive sub-sectors so that it can be seen the leading subsectors of agriculture. The analysis method used is descriptive analysis will illustrate how the rate of growth and the contribution of sub-sectors in the agricultural sector. Location Quetiont (LQ) Analysis was used to determine the base and non-base sub-sector. While the analysis of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) is used to see the sub-sector competitiveness. The combination of LQ and RCA analysis can then be used to determine the leading sub-sector. From the analysis it is known that sub-sector of the agricultural sector is a base sub-sector which has the potential to become the leading sub-sector. Meanwhile, from the RCA analysis is known that the base of the agricultural sector has a highly competitive sub-sectors are food crops, tree crops, livestock and forestry.

ANALISIS SUB SEKTOR UNGGULAN YANG BERDAYA SAING PADA SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI KABUPATEN LANGKAT

TABULARASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rif’an Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Welfare Society ◽  
Decentralized Governance

System changes from centralized to decentralized governance has provided an opportunity for local governments to regulate and manage Natural Resources (NR) and Human Resources (HR) in the region to create a welfare society can be characterized by the growth of regional economic growth. The research was conducted to determine the contribution and sub-sectors growth in the agricultural sector and a base and competitive sub-sectors so that it can be seen the leading subsectors of agriculture. The analysis method used is descriptive analysis will illustrate how the rate of growth and the contribution of sub-sectors in the agricultural sector. Location Quetiont (LQ) Analysis was used to determine the base and non-base sub-sector. While the analysis of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) is used to see the sub-sector competitiveness. The combination of LQ and RCA analysis can then be used to determine the leading sub-sector. From the analysis it is known that sub-sector of the agricultural sector is a base sub-sector which has the potential to become the leading sub-sector. Meanwhile, from the RCA analysis is known that the base of the agricultural sector has a highly competitive sub-sectors are food crops, tree crops, livestock and forestry.

scholarly journals Cost-efficient factors in local public spending: Detecting relationships between local environments, population size and urban area category

2021 ◽  
pp. 239980832110038
Author(s):  
Hiroki Baba ◽  
Yasushi Asami
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Environment Factors ◽  
Major Factors

This study examines regional differences in local environment factors to better understand the sustainability of local governments indexed by per capita public spending. Under the condition of heterogeneous population size, we examine how factor characteristics differ depending on the spatial context represented by the urban area category. By employing a Cobb–Douglas cost function with congestion effects on public service provision, the estimated factors enable us to articulate major factors and differences in cost-efficiency between urban area categories. We found that statistical significance and even the signatures of local environment factors differ depending on the urban employment area category. Regarding factors such as the ratios of employees in secondary and tertiary industries, these did not tend to be statistically significant in small-sized urban areas, while small-sized cities in large-sized urban areas were likely to gain confidence intervals. Moreover, we did not observe any statistical significance for the ratio of elderly people due to the balance of spending between national and local governments. These findings could contribute to sustainable management of cities in the advent of population decline.

scholarly journals Flattening the Curve of COVID-19 Vaccine Rejection—An International Overview

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Wojciech Feleszko ◽  
Piotr Lewulis ◽  
Adam Czarnecki ◽  
Paweł Waszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
General Population ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Legislative Power ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
Very High ◽  
Socioeconomic Benefits

Background: If globally implemented, a safe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination program will have broad clinical and socioeconomic benefits. However, individuals who anticipate that the coronavirus vaccine will bring life back to normality may be disappointed, due to the emerging antivaccination attitude within the general population. Methods: We surveyed a sample of adult Polish citizens (n = 1066), and compared it with the data on international COVID-19 vaccine reluctance. Results: In 20 national surveys, the vaccine averseness for the anticipated COVID-19 vaccine varied from meager (2–6% China) to very high (43%, Czech Republic, and 44%, Turkey) and in most countries was much higher than regular vaccination reluctance, which varies between 3% (Egypt) and 55% (Russia). Conclusions: These results suggest that a 67% herd immunity may be possible only if mandatory preventive vaccination programs start early and are combined with coordinated education efforts supported by legislative power and social campaigns.

scholarly journals Strategies for Disseminating and Implementing the COVID-19 Vaccines in Rural Areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Prusaczyk
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Urban Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Vaccine Information ◽  
Roll Out

Abstract The United States has well-documented rural-urban health disparities and it is imperative that these are not exacerbated by an inefficient roll-out of the COVID-19 vaccines to rural areas. In addition to the pre-existing barriers to delivering and receiving healthcare in rural areas, such as high patient:provider ratios and long geographic distances between patients and providers, rural residents are significantly more likely to say they have no intention of receiving a COVID-19 vaccine, compared to urban residents. To overcome these barriers and ensure rural residents receive the vaccine, officials and communities should look to previous research on how to communicate vaccine information and implement successful vaccination programs in rural areas for guidance and concrete strategies to use in their local efforts.

Implementing a Successful Hepatitis B Vaccination Program

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 306-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda J. Hanacik ◽  
Timothy R. Franson ◽  
Jill D. Gollup ◽  
Michael W. Rytel
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Administrative Support ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Key Steps

AbstractHealth care personnel with frequent blood contact are at high risk for being exposed to and developing hepatitis B infection. Exposure to unidentified infectious patients may lead to personnel inadvertently foregoing appropriate, passive immunoprophylaxis. For these reasons, our hospital elected to conduct an aggressive program to administer hepatitis B vaccine to all employees at high risk for exposure to hepatitis B virus, thus protecting such employees from inadvertent occupational exposure. Administrators agreed to offer the vaccine as a free employee health benefit. “High-risk” employees attended mandatory inservice presentations covering hepatitis B disease, vaccine safety and efficacy, and related concerns. High-risk individuals were required to either receive vaccine or sign “informed refusal” forms. The vaccine clinic was organized to accommodate employee work schedules. Of high-risk employees eligible for vaccination, 90% completed a three-dose vaccine course. Extensive inservice education, financial and administrative support, and careful advance planning are all crucial in achieving high compliance with vaccination programs. A description of key steps in designing a successful vaccination program is outlined.

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