scholarly journals Valorization of spent coffee grounds as the specialty material for dullness and aging of skin treatments

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayuree Kanlayavattanakul ◽  
Nattaya Lourith ◽  
Puxvadee Chaikul
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Human Skin Fibroblast ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Normal Human Skin ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Spent Coffee Ground ◽  
Coffee Oil

Abstract Background Coffee beans contain oil with health benefits from fatty acids. The unprocessed and processed coffee beans are mostly identical in coffee oil quality and are substantively supplied for certain industries. However, the cost-effective valorization of specialty ingredients from spent coffee grounds for cosmetics is sparely presented. Linoleic acid-rich spent coffee oil, as a specialty material for skin lightening and antiaging cosmetics, is objectively to be presented. Results Spent coffee oils were prepared by different methods. The most cost-effective material with a high extraction yield, linoleic acid content and unsaturated/saturated fatty acid (UFA/SFA) ratio (13.21  ±  0.25, 32.09% and 0.97) was modified. The modified oil was boosted in linoleic acid (77.20% or 140.57% improvement) and the UFA/SFA ratio (33.12). The physicochemical properties of the oil were applicable for cosmetics as per its safety profiles in B16F10 melanoma and normal human skin fibroblast cells. The oil significantly better inhibited cellular melanogenesis than kojic and linoleic acids (p  <  0.01), with prominent tyrosinase and TRP-2 inhibitions. The cellular antioxidant activity of the oil was comparable to those of ascorbic and linoleic acids. The collagen stimulating efficacy of the oil was significantly better than that of ascorbic but comparable to that of linoleic acid as indicated by the MMP-2 inhibitory activities (p  <  0.01 and p  <  0.001, respectively). Conclusions The oil is a specialty material for skin brightening and skin wrinkle reduction/skin elasticity improvement products. A successive circular bioeconomy of spent coffee ground waste in a more profitable cosmetic industry is indicated. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals HPLC-Based Chemometric Analysis for Coffee Adulteration

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 880
Author(s):  
Wai Lok Cheah ◽  
Mingchih Fang
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chemometric Analysis ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Targeted Analysis ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Spent Coffee Ground

Coffee is one of the top ten most adulterated foods. Coffee adulterations are mainly performed by mixing other low-value materials into coffee beans after roasting and grinding, such as spent coffee grounds, maize, soybeans and other grain products. The detection of adulterated coffee by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is recognized as a targeted analytical method, which carbohydrates and other phenolic compounds are usually used as markers. However, the accurate qualitation and quantitation of HPLC analyses are time consuming. This study developed a chemometric analysis or called non-targeted analysis for coffee adulteration. The HPLC chromatograms were obtained by direct injection of liquid coffee into HPLC without sample preparation and the identification of target analytes. The distinction between coffee and adulterated coffee was achieved by statistical method. The HPLC-based chemometric provided more characteristic information (separated compounds) compared to photospectroscopy chemometric which only provide information of functional groups. In this study, green Arabica coffee beans, soybeans and green mung beans were roasted in industrial coffee bean roaster and then ground. Spent coffee ground was dried. Coffee and adulterants were mixed at different ratio before conducting HPLC analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) toward HPLC data (retention time and peak intensity) was able to separate coffee from adulterated coffee. The detection limit of this method was 5%. Two models were built based on PCA data as well. The first model was used to differentiate coffee sample from adulterated coffee. The second model was designed to identify the specific adulterants mixed in the adulterated coffee. Various parameters such as sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), reliability rate (RLR), positive likelihood (+LR) and negative likelihood (−LR) were applied to evaluate the performances of the designed models. The results showed that PCA-based models were able to discriminate pure coffee from adulterated sample (coffee beans adulterated with 5%–60% of soybeans, green mung beans or spent coffee grounds). The SE, SP, RLR, +LR and −LR for the first model were 0.875, 0.938, 0.813, 14.1 and 0.133, respectively. In the second model, it can correctly distinguish the adulterated coffee from the pure coffee. However, it had only about a 30% chance to correctly determine the specific adulterant out of three designed adulterants mixed into coffee. The SE, RLR and −LR were 0.333, 0.333 and 0.667, respectively, for the second model. Therefore, HPLC-based chemometric analysis was able to detect coffee adulteration. It was very reliable on the discrimination of coffee from adulterated coffee. However, it may need more work to tell discern which kind adulterant in the adulterated coffee.

3D printing of spent coffee ground derived biochar reinforced epoxy composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110022
Author(s):  
Ahmed Alhelal ◽  
Zaheeruddin Mohammed ◽  
Shaik Jeelani ◽  
Vijaya K Rangari
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Spent Coffee Ground ◽  
Coffee Ground ◽  
3D Printed

Semi-crystalline carbon biochar is derived from spent coffee grounds (SCG) by a controlled pyrolysis process at high temperature/pressure conditions. Obtained biochar is characterized using XRD, SEM, and TEM techniques. Biochar particles are in the micrometer range with nanostructured morphologies. The SCG biochar thus produced is used as reinforcement in epoxy resin to 3 D print samples using the direct-write (DW) method with 1 and 3 wt. % loadings. Rheology results show that the addition of biochar makes resin viscous, enabling it to be stable soon after print; however, it could also lead to clogging of resin in printer head. The printed samples are characterized for chemical, thermal and mechanical properties using FTIR, TGA, DMA and flexure tests. Storage modulus improved with 1 wt. % biochar addition up to 27.5% and flexural modulus and strength increased up to 55.55% and 43.30% respectively. However, with higher loading of 3 wt. % both viscoelastic and flexural properties of 3D printed samples drastically reduced thus undermining the feasibility of 3D printing biochar reinforced epoxies at higher loadings.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Spent Coffee Grounds

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (40) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Blinová ◽  
Alica Bartošová ◽  
Maroš Sirotiak
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Drying Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Feedstock ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Coffee Oil

Abstract The residue after brewing the spent coffee grounds is an oil-containing waste material having a potential of being used as biodiesel feedstock. Biodiesel production from the waste coffee grounds oil involves collection and transportation of coffee residue, drying, oil extraction, and finally production of biodiesel. Different methods of oil extraction with organic solvents under different conditions show significant differences in the extraction yields. In the manufacturing of biodiesel from coffee oil, the level of reaction completion strongly depends on the quality of the feedstock oil. This paper presents an overview of oil extraction and a method of biodiesel production from spent coffee grounds.

scholarly journals Use of wheat flour and spent coffee grounds in the production of cookies with high fiber and antioxidant content: Effects of spent coffee grounds ratio on the product quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 947 (1) ◽  
pp. 012044
Author(s):  
Trấn Thi Thu Trà ◽  
Lê Nguyên Phúc ◽  
Võ Thi Ngoc Yến ◽  
Lê Thánh Sang ◽  
Nguyễn Thi Anh Thu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Composite Flour ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Antioxidant Content ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Sensory Score ◽  
Spent Coffee Ground

Abstract Spent coffee ground (SCG) is the main by-product of the instant coffee industry. In this study, wheat flour and dried SCG powder were used in the production of cookies with high fiber and antioxidant content. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of SCG ratio in the cookie formulation on nutritional quality, physical properties and sensory overall acceptability of the product. SCG is a rich source of dietary fiber. In 100 g dry weight of SCG, the total fiber and phenolic contents were 76.6 ± 0.58% and 3828±12 mg GAE/100g dry basis, respectively. When the SCG ratio increased from 0 to 0.25 of the composite flour weight, the dough had increased hardness and reduced adhesiveness, cohesiveness and springiness. An increase in the SCG ratio in the cookie formulation also decreased the diameter and thickness of the product but enhanced its hardness. Cookie samples supplemented with SCG had higher dietary fiber and phenolic content as well as a higher antioxidant activity than the control sample. Cookie samples were considered as high fiber food when the SCG ratio was 0.1 or higher. The use of SCG reduced the overall acceptability of cookies. When the ratio of SGC powder varied from 0.1 to 0.2, a sensory score of the obtained cookies was acceptable.

scholarly journals Recycling of spent coffee grounds for useful extracts and green composites

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2682-2692
Author(s):  
Yihao Leow ◽  
Pek Yin Michelle Yew ◽  
Pei Lin Chee ◽  
Xian Jun Loh ◽  
Dan Kai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Green Composites ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Coffee Oil ◽  
Properties Of Composites

Spent coffee grounds are mostly discarded as waste. Here we recycle them for chemical compounds and as composite material fillers. Our study evaluated the chemical composition of coffee oil extracts and mechanical properties of composites formed.

The Physical and Mechanical Properties of Biocomposite Films Composed of Poly(Lactic Acid) with Spent Coffee Grounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Nattawut Suaduang ◽  
Sukunya Ross ◽  
Gareth M. Ross ◽  
Supatra Pratumshat ◽  
Sararat Mahasaranon
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Biodegradable Films ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Biocomposite Films ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Coffee Oil

The aim of this research was to prepare and characterize biocomposite films from poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with spent coffee grounds (SCG). PLA can be derived from renewable resources. The SCG component consists of cellulose, hemicellulose and coffee oil 10.98%. SCG can simultaneously act as plasticizer and filler in the composites that can enhance the mixing process. The PLA/SCG biocomposite films were processed by a twin-screw extruder and blow film extruder. They were prepared by using various SCG concentrations (0%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% of SCG). The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) results showed that the PLA matrix with SCG was miscible and had the SCG was well good distributed. Elongation at break was increased, when the amount of SCG was increased, with the results of PLA and PLA/SCG 10% being 5.07% and 6.63% respectively, while hardness, brittleness and tensile strength decreased. UV-vis spectrophotometric measurement of PLA/SCG biocomposite films showed a considerable reduction in transmission of all UV wavelengths (UV-A, -B and -C) and visible light with increasing SCG content. Hence, in this research, SCG can be used as filler in PLA films in order to produce biodegradable films and developed as agricultural film products. The PLA/SCG biocomposite films have shown good properties and are environmentally friendly.

scholarly journals Supercritical Fluid Extract of Spent Coffee Grounds Attenuates Melanogenesis through Downregulation of the PKA, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK Signaling Pathways

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huey-Chun Huang ◽  
Chien-Mei Wei ◽  
Jen-Hung Siao ◽  
Tsang-Chi Tsai ◽  
Wang-Ping Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Mapk Signaling Pathways ◽  
Tyrosinase Related Protein

The mode of action of spent coffee grounds supercritical fluid CO2extract (SFE) in melanogenesis has never been reported. In the study, the spent coffee grounds were extracted by the supercritical fluid CO2extraction method; the chemical constituents of the SFE were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The effects of the SFE and its major fatty acid components on melanogenesis were evaluated by mushroom tyrosinase activity assay and determination of intracellular tyrosinase activity and melanin content. The expression level of melanogenesis-related proteins was analyzed by western blotting assay. The results revealed that the SFE of spent coffee grounds (1–10 mg/mL) and its major fatty acids such as linoleic acid and oleic acid (6.25–50 μM) effectively suppressed melanogenesis in the B16F10 murine melanoma cells. Furthermore, the SFE decreased the expression of melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2). The SFE also decreased the protein expression levels of p-JNK, p-p38, p-ERK, and p-CREB. Our results revealed that the SFE of spent coffee grounds attenuated melanogenesis in B16F10 cells by downregulation of protein kinase A (PKA), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K/Akt), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways, which may be due to linoleic acid and oleic acid.

scholarly journals Improving the Mechanical Ductility and Toughness of Injection-molded Polylactide Pieces by the Dual Incorporation of Liquor Waste Derived Spent Coffee Grounds and Oligomers of Lactic Acid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Terroba-Delicado ◽  
Stefano Fiori ◽  
Sergio Torres-Giner ◽  
Jaume Gomez-Caturla ◽  
Nestor Montanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Green Composites ◽  
Green Composite ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Reinforcing Fillers ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Coffee Oil ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This work puts the Circular Bioeconomy’s concept into action, originally valorizing residues from the beverage liquor coffee industry into reinforcing fillers for green composites of polylactide (PLA). The as-received spent coffee grains derived from liquor waste were first milled to obtain the so-called spent coffee grounds (SCGs), which were then incorporated at 20 wt.% into PLA by extrusion. With the aim of improving the compatibility between the biopolyester and the lignocellulosic particles, two oligomers of lactic acid (OLAs), namely OLA2 and OLA2mal, being the latter functionalized with maleic anhydride (MAH), were both added during the extrusion process at 10 wt.%. The resultant compounded pellets were finally shaped into pieces by injection molding for characterization. Results showed that, as opposite to most claims published in the literature of PLA composites based on lignocellulosic fillers derived from soluble coffee wastes, the incorporation of liquor waste derived SCGs increased the ductility of the pieces by nearly 280% due to their high coffee oil content. The incorporation of OLA2 and OLA2mal contributed to improve the impact strength of the pieces by approximately 6% and 12.6%, respectively. The higher performance of OLA2mal was ascribed to a reduction of crystallinity in the green composite due to the chemical interaction by the MAH groups. However, the incorporation of SCGs into PLA slighlty reduced the thermal stability and yielded a dark-to-brown color, whereas it also delayed the disintegration rate of the pieces in controlled compost soil. Therefore, the results attained herein open up novel opportunities for the development of green composites of PLA with higher ductility and toughness through the valorization of liquor coffee wastes.

scholarly journals The Possibility of Using Spent Coffee Grounds to Improve Wastewater Treatment Due to Respiration Activity of Microorganisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 3155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Vítězová ◽  
Simona Jančiková ◽  
Dani Dordević ◽  
Tomáš Vítěz ◽  
Jakub Elbl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Respiration Activity ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Spent Coffee Ground ◽  
The Impact

Spent coffee ground (SCG) may affect wastewater treatment processes due to high coffee consumption worldwide. The impact of the main chemical compounds present in SCG on respiration activity of sewage sludge was investigated. The results showed approximately two times higher respiration in the samples where various types of SCG were present in comparison with samples without SCG. During intense microbial metabolism, statistically significant (p < 0.05) decreases in caffeine, total polyphenols, and chlorogenic acid contents after processing and in filtrate was observed. The monitored compounds (caffeine, polyphenols, and chlorogenic acid) deteriorated due to their probable inclusion in microbiological metabolism. Increase in respiration activity of microorganisms in the presence of cheap waste material such as coffee grounds can help to improve wastewater treatment. The research was focused on spent coffee grounds’ impact on the respiratory activity of microorganisms in the activated sludge taken from small and large wastewater treatment plants. The impact was measured in more detail due to the inclusion of different coffee species (Robusta and Arabica) in diverse concentrations. The novelty of the study can also be seen through the literature overview, where information cannot be found about SCG influence on the respiration activity of microbial communities, and data on the possible SCG aerobic degradation or utilization by a sewage sludge bacterial consortium has also never been reported. The study has shown the possibility of improving wastewater treatment due to respiration activity of microorganisms in the presence of cheap waste material such as coffee grounds.

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