Cytogenetic effect of some nanostructure polymers prepared via gamma irradiation on Vicia faba plant

Abstract Background Nourishment plants during the field time is a must; to have healthy, high productive and self-propagating plants. The trendy nano-fertilizers came to the front in modernized agriculture seeking for minimizing the soil suffocation with other chemical fertilizers in the bulk size. Nano-fertilizers may represent a way out of shot as they are completely absorbed by plant due to their small size, also it magnifies the benefit to the plant due to its high surface area. Nano-fertilizers are introduced via different way of synthesis methods. In this work, three of new nanocomposites are prepared in nano form via Gamma irradiation from Cobalt 60 source at irradiation dose 5 KGy. These composites which can supply plants with P, Zn elements needs to be revised for their safety usage in agriculture. Methodology Three compounds; Zinc oxide, phosphorous and the mixed Zinc–phosphorous elements were prepared in nano-composite forms coated with PVP as a shell and then characterized by HR-TEM, UV and FT-IR to emphasize their new sizes and shapes, then, they were examined for their cytotoxicity in three concentrations (0.5, 1 and 2%) on Vicia faba plants; after 3 h of direct roots treatment. Cytotoxicity test concerned the mitotic index, phase index, abnormal mitosis and the type of the aberrations at each phase. Results The three tested NPs exerted mito-accelerating effect on root meristematic cells. However, concentration‐dependent genotoxicity was also an evident. Conclusion The three examined nano-composites may recommend to be used in the lowest examined concentrations to minimize its harm effect on the plant cell and keep their benefits to the environment. It also recommended to count the Zn/P mix NPs over ZN or P separately as it induces an intermediating cytogenetic effect on mitosis apparatus of Vicia faba plant. Graphical Abstract

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Atomically Dispersed M-N-C Catalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Recent Progress and Perspectives

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202130801019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 308 ◽

pp. 01019

Author(s):

Haoran Kong ◽

Jiarong Liu ◽

Yu Yue

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cells ◽

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Proton Exchange Membrane ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Proton Exchange ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework ◽

Exchange Membrane

The selection of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts plays a key role in enhancing the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). To optimize the energy conversion technology in PEMFCs and improve the cost-effectiveness of ORR catalysts, atomically dispersed metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) catalyst is regarded as one of the most promising materials to replace Pt-based catalysts. In this review, we summarize the advantages of atomically dispersed M-N-C catalysts in both physical and chemical properties, including controllable dimensions, ease of accessibility, high surface area and excellent conductivity. Additionally, the unique merits of their cost-effectiveness are also described by a concise comparison with other ORR catalysts. Subsequently, some of its main synthesis methods are based on the most commonly used zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) precursor. Several other precursors involve carbon, nitrogen, and one or more active transition metals (mainly iron or cobalt) are introduced briefly. Although there are a variety of synthesis methods, all these methods are in line with pyrolysis technology. Then, the recent advancements of atomically dispersed M-N-C catalysts related to their development and application of Fe-N-C, Mn-N-C, and Co-N-C catalysts are comprehensively described. Finally, based on some common M-N-C catalysts, many improvement ideas are also proposed. The focus is on how to control the negative reaction in Fe-N-C catalysts, improve the activity of Co-N-C catalysts and Mn-N-C catalysts, and find more suitable transition metal materials to prepare M-N-C catalysts.

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Carbon-Based Catalysts for Biodiesel Production—A Review

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10030918 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 918 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jack Clohessy ◽

Witold Kwapinski

Keyword(s):

Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽

Catalyst Activity ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Acid Catalyst ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Catalyst Characterization ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

And Performance ◽

Carbon Based

In recent years, a new class of superior heterogeneous acid catalyst for biodiesel production has emerged. These catalysts offer advantages over their predecessors such as high surface area, elevated acid site density, enhanced catalyst activity, good operation stability and relevant economic affordability in an environmentally friendly frame. This review was concerned with carbon-based solid acid (CBAS) catalysts derived from both carbohydrate and pyrolysis products. A series of CBASs with various origins such as D-glucose, sucrose, starch, cellulose and vegetable oil asphalt, converted to char and sulphonated, have been explored as potential heterogeneous catalysts. Catalyst preparation and synthesis methods were briefly summarized. Catalyst characterization and performance for biofuels related reactions were elucidated, identifying potential research applications. Three catalysts in particular were identified as having potential for industrial application and requiring further research.

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Electrical Property of Graphene and Its Application to Electrochemical Biosensing

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano9020297 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 297 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Jin-Ho Lee ◽

Soo-jeong Park ◽

Jeong-Woo Choi

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Electrochemical Biosensor ◽

2D Materials ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Thick Layer ◽

Single Atom ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

Electrochemical Biosensing ◽

Biomarker Analysis

Graphene, a single atom thick layer of two-dimensional closely packed honeycomb carbon lattice, and its derivatives have attracted much attention in the field of biomedical, due to its unique physicochemical properties. The valuable physicochemical properties, such as high surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, remarkable biocompatibility and ease of surface functionalization have shown great potentials in the applications of graphene-based bioelectronics devices, including electrochemical biosensors for biomarker analysis. In this review, we will provide a selective overview of recent advances on synthesis methods of graphene and its derivatives, as well as its application to electrochemical biosensor development. We believe the topics discussed here are useful, and able to provide a guideline in the development of novel graphene and on graphene-like 2-dimensional (2D) materials based biosensors in the future.

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Nanostructured Pt/WOx-C Solids as Electrocatalyst for PEMFC

Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems ◽

10.14447/jnmes.v15i3.61 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 165-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.L. Hernández-Pichardo ◽

R.G. González-Huerta ◽

P. Del Angel ◽

E. Palacios-González ◽

S.P. Paredes-Carrera

Keyword(s):

Proton Exchange Membrane ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Proton Exchange ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

Co Tolerance ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Anode Electrocatalysts ◽

Exchange Membrane ◽

Nanostructured Pt

Platinum nanoparticles supported on high surface area carbon black (e.g., Vulcan XC-72) are the most commonly used catalysts for both cathode and anode in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), however, some other catalysts such as Pt/MoOx and Pt/WOx are also considered promising, due to their higher activity, stability and enhanced CO tolerance. This work is focused on the synthesis and characterization of nanostructured Pt/WOx-C as both cathode and anode electrocatalysts for PEMFCs. The Pt deposit on the surface of the support is a crucial step in the synthesis of the catalytic materials. Because of this, different synthesis methods were probed in order to find the conditions for the higher dispersion and accessibility of Platinum over the WOx-C support and to improve the PEMFC cathode stability. The catalysts were prepared by UV and ultrasound assisted approaches, and characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy as well as lineal and cyclic voltammetry.

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Carbon nanomaterials: synthesis and applications to development of electrochemical sensors in determination of drugs and compounds of clinical interest

Reviews in Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1515/revac-2019-0017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Laís S. Porto ◽

Daniela N. Silva ◽

Ana Elisa F. de Oliveira ◽

Arnaldo C. Pereira ◽

Keyller B. Borges

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanomaterials ◽

Electrochemical Sensors ◽

Biological Fluids ◽

Low Cost ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

Electrocatalytic Effect ◽

Clinical Interest

AbstractIt is notorious that researches related to electrochemical sensors increased significantly due the promising characteristics that these devices present such as the possibility of obtaining information, with minimum manipulation of the studied system, in real time, and with low environmental impact. This article covers the carbon nanomaterials, presenting important aspects such as main properties, synthesis methods, and the application of these materials in the development of electrochemical sensors for the analysis of drugs and compounds of clinical interest. In this context, drug analysis is extremely important for quality control, to ensure that the medicine fulfills its role effectively without possible complications that could compromise the patient’s health and quality of life. In addition, analytical methods capable of determining compounds of clinical interest in biological fluids are extremely important for the indication of effective diagnoses. Thus, the versatility, selectivity, and portability of the electroanalytical techniques make the electrochemical sensors a favorite tool for the determination of drugs and compounds of clinical interest. It will be possible to follow in the present work that carbon nanomaterials have excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, strong adsorption capacity, high electrocatalytic effect, high biocompatibility, and high surface area. The possibility of formation of different composite materials based on carbonaceous nanomaterials that makes these materials promising for the development of analytical sensors, contributing to rapid, sensitive, and low-cost analyses can also be highlighted.

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Mesoporous Titanium Dioxide: Synthesis and Applications in Photocatalysis, Energy and Biology

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma11101910 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1910 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Ben Niu ◽

Xin Wang ◽

Kai Wu ◽

Xianru He ◽

Rui Zhang

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Mesoporous Materials ◽

High Surface ◽

Sol Gel ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Mesoporous Tio2 ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

New Energy ◽

Mesoporous Titanium Dioxide ◽

New Research

Mesoporous materials are materials with high surface area and intrinsic porosity, and therefore have attracted great research interest due to these unique structures. Mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most widely studied mesoporous materials given its special characters and enormous applications. In this article, we highlight the significant work on mesoporous TiO2 including syntheses and applications, particularly in the field of photocatalysis, energy and biology. Different synthesis methods of mesoporous TiO2—including sol–gel, hydrothermal, solvothermal method, and other template methods—are covered and compared. The applications in photocatalysis, new energy batteries and in biological fields are demonstrated. New research directions and significant challenges of mesoporous TiO2 are also discussed.

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Syntheses of Nanostructured Magnesium Carbonate Powders with Mesoporous Structures from Carbon Dioxide

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11031141 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 1141

Author(s):

Fernando J. Rodríguez-Macías ◽

José E. Ortiz-Castillo ◽

Erika López-Lara ◽

Alejandro J. García-Cuéllar ◽

José L. López-Salinas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Surface Area ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Magnesium Carbonate ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Aqueous Synthesis ◽

Synthesis Time ◽

X Ray

In this work, we present the results of two synthesis approaches for mesoporous magnesium carbonates, that result in mineralization of carbon dioxide, producing carbonate materials without the use of cosolvents, which makes them more environmentally friendly. In one of our synthesis methods, we found that we could obtain nonequilibrium crystal structures, with acicular crystals branching bidirectionally from a denser core. Both Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction showed these crystals to be a mixture of sulfate and hydrated carbonates. We attribute the nonequilibrium morphology to coprecipitation of two salts and short synthesis time (25 min). Other aqueous synthesis conditions produced mixtures of carbonates with different morphologies, which changed depending on drying temperature (40 or 100 °C). In addition to aqueous solution, we used supercritical carbon dioxide for synthesis, producing a hydrated magnesium carbonate, with a nesquehonite structure, according to X-ray diffraction. This second material has smaller pores (1.01 nm) and high surface area. Due to their high surface area, these materials could be used for adsorbents and capillary transport, in addition to their potential use for carbon capture and sequestration.

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Review—Synthesis and Electrochemical Applications of Molybdenum Carbide: Recent Progress and Perspectives

Journal of The Electrochemical Society ◽

10.1149/1945-7111/ac4a52 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Sanjay Upadhyay ◽

Om Prakash Pandey

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Performance ◽

Large Scale ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Research Progress ◽

Energy Storage And Conversion ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

Scale Production ◽

Electrochemical Applications

Abstract In this review, we summarize the latest research progress on Mo2C based materials for various electrochemical applications. It starts with discussing the different synthesis methods and the tactics for modifying the physicochemical characteristics of Mo2C. In addition, the variables that influence the morphology and electrochemical performance of Mo2C have been explored. The synthesis methods are examined based on their tricks, benefits, and drawbacks, including solid-gas, solid-solid, solid-liquid, and some other processes (chemical vapor deposition, Sonochemical, microwave-assisted, plasma, etc.). Methods that are safe, cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and suited for large-scale production of Mo2C are given special consideration. The solid-solid reaction is found to be a facile and cost-effective method to synthesize Mo2C structures having high surface area and small particle size. Also, the various electrochemical applications of Mo2C are reviewed. Mo2C is an extremely active and durable electrocatalyst mainly for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The electrochemical parameters such as activity, stability, etc., are examined and described in detail. The possible ways to improve the electrochemical performance of Mo2C are discussed. Finally, the difficulties in developing Mo2C nanostructures that are suited for energy storage and conversion applications are discussed.

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Characterization and Stability of Heteropolyacid Catalysts Supported on MCM-41 Materials Synthesized by Ultrasonic Irradiation

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.1.5398 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 101-107

Author(s):

Song Il Kong ◽

Danuta Matei ◽

Diana Cursaru ◽

Vasile Matei ◽

Dragos Ciuparu

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Ultrasonic Irradiation ◽

Solid Acid Catalyst ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Acid Catalyst ◽

Pore Wall ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

Impregnation Method ◽

Mcm 41

A series of solid acid catalyst of the Keggin-type 12-phosphotungstic acid, H3PW12O40, supported on ordered mesoporous silica MCM-41 were prepared by a simple and effective impregnation method. MCM-41 supports were synthesized in a relatively short time via a recently reported ultrasonic irradiation method. The synthesis sonication time has been systematically varied in order to investigate its influence on the structural order of the resulting materials. The prepared catalysts were characterized by nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The resulting materials exhibited hexagonally ordered meso structure, with high surface area of the order of several hundreds of m2g-1,relatively large pore volumes, with the pore diameter in the range of 2.19 to 2.41 nm and a corresponding pore wall thickness of over 1.67nm. The results have demonstrated that high quality MCM-41 materials can be synthesized via the ultrasonic irradiation in few tens of minutes, much shorter than the conventional synthesis methods. Despite their relatively high loading, all synthesized materials retained the characteristic MCM-41mesoporous structure after impregnation of the heteropolyacid active phase onto the inner pore surface, without crystallization, but preserving the Keggin structure as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy.

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Microstructural Analysis of Au/TiO2-SBA-15 Nanocomposite

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927614000841 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 1001-1007 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Takashi Gondo ◽

Kenji Kaneko ◽

Takeshi Nishiyama ◽

Kazuhiro Yamada ◽

Zineb Saghi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pore Size ◽

High Surface ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Microstructural Analysis ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Strong Interactions ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

Oxide Supports ◽

Catalytic Activities ◽

Size And Morphology

AbstractProperties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are very different from bulk gold, in particular, highly dispersed AuNPs exhibit high catalytic activities on metal oxide supports. Catalytic activities of AuNPs are strongly dependent on: (i) size and morphology; (ii) synthesis methods; (iii) nature of the support; (iv) interaction between AuNPs and the support; and (v) oxidation state of AuNPs in the synthesized catalysts. A goal is to maintain the size and to prohibit aggregation of AuNPs, since aggregations deteriorate catalytic activities. Some strong interactions are therefore required between AuNPs and their supports to prevent the movement of AuNPs. SBA-15 is a promising material for the support of AuNPs since it has ordered two-dimensional hexagonal pore channels, uniform pore size ranging from 5 to 30 nm, narrow pore size distribution, thick amorphous walls ranging from 3 to 6 nm, and high surface area. In this study, SBA-15, TiO2-SBA-15 and TiO2-SBA-15-AuNP nanocomposites were synthesized by the sol-gel method and microstructural characterizations were carried out by both X-ray diffraction analysis and electron microscopy.

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