scholarly journals Effect of pyrene-induced changes in root activity on growth of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.), and the health risks caused by pyrene in Chinese cabbage at different growth stages

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaosong Yang ◽  
Zhengyi Hu ◽  
Yuexian Liu ◽  
Xiaofan Xie ◽  
Lijuan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Root Activity ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Pyrene Concentration ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Abstract Background Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose a potential risk to ecological safety and human health. They have a range of effects on plant growth and there have been few reports on the health risks associated with ingestion of vegetable crops at different growth stages. Methodology In this study, a pot experiment in which Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) were grown in a greenhouse for 75 days was used to investigate the dose–effect relationship of pyrene with plant growth and also the exposure risk for adults of ingestion of Chinese cabbage at different growth stages. Results The results showed that low doses of pyrene (5–45 mg kg−1) promoted plant growth (20–220% and 55–97% higher than control treatment for the root biomass and shoot biomass, respectively), but significant inhibition was observed at a high dose (405 mg kg−1) (41–66% and 43–91% lower than control treatment for the root biomass and shoot biomass, respectively). High doses of pyrene reduced soil bacterial abundance and diversity during the growth of Chinese cabbage, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the plant. The effects of pyrene on plant biomass were mainly attributed to changes in root activity induced by pyrene, as the relationship between soil pyrene concentration and biomass was similar to that between soil pyrene concentration and root activity. Furthermore, structural equation modeling analysis showed that pyrene altered growth of the vegetable by directly affecting root activity. The incremental lifetime cancer risk for adults is highest for ingestion of Chinese cabbage at the seedling stage, followed in decreasing order by the rosette stages and heading stages. Conclusions The health risk of consumers who have the possibility to ingest the Chinese cabbage planted in pyrene-contaminated soil would be decreased with the increasing growth periods. However, further studies are required to confirm the dose–effect relationship between pyrene concentration and Chinese cabbage growth on a field scale. Graphical Abstract

Fate of HTO following its acute soil deposition at different growth stages of Chinese cabbage

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Ho Choi ◽  
Hee-Seok Kang ◽  
In Jun ◽  
Dong-Kwon Keum ◽  
Hansoo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Soil Deposition ◽  
Different Growth Stages

scholarly journals Elevated CO2 induces age-dependent restoration of growth and metabolism in gibberellin-deficient plants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Gasparini ◽  
Lucas C. Costa ◽  
Fred A. L. Brito ◽  
Thaline M. Pimenta ◽  
Flávio Barcellos Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Primary Metabolites ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Ga Content

AbstractMain conclusion The effect of elevated [CO2] on the growth of tomato plants with reduced GA content is influenced by developmental stage.The increase of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere during the last decades has aroused interest in the function of this gas in the growth and development of plants. Despite the known association between elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and plant growth, its effects in association with gibberellin (GA), plant hormone that regulates de major aspects of plant growth, are still poorly understood. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of elevated [CO2] on growth and primary metabolism in tomato plants with drastic reduction in GA content (gib-1) at two different growth stages (21 and 35 days after germination, dag). Disruption on growth, photosynthetic parameters and primary metabolism were restored when gib-1 plants were transferred to elevated [CO2] at 21 dag. Elevated [CO2] also stimulated growth and photosynthetic parameters in Wild type (WT) plants at 21 dag, however, minor changes were observed in the level of primary metabolites. At 35 dag, elevated [CO2] did not stimulate growth in WT plants and gib-1 mutants showed their characteristic stunted growth phenotype.

scholarly journals 578 How Much Cover Crop Affects Plant Growth and Yield Components in `Selva' and `Totem' Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) in the Establishment Year

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 546C-546
Author(s):  
Braja B. Datta ◽  
Ray D. William
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Significant Difference

Field experiment on production systems of `Selva' day-neutral and `Totem' June-bearing strawberry was established in 1995 on the spring-killed cover crop mulched plots using randomized complete-block design. Seven soil cover treatments consisted of `Wheeler' rye (Secale cereale) and `Micah' and `Steptoe' barley (Hordium vulgare), `Micah' residue applied on soil surface, a wedge of perlite (artificial medium) placed next to strawberry row, perlite with `Wheeler' rye, and no treatment were used. During the early summer, cover crops were replanted between strawberry rows and mowed down after 6 weeks. In both cultivars, plant growth doubled during mid-summer, and `Micah'on surface produced better growth than the growth in other treatments. No significant difference was found on CO2 assimilation rate (mmol·m–2·s–1), leaflet length, and number of leaves and runners among treatments (P ≥ 0.1). Yield of `Totem' was ignored during the establishment year. In `Selva', `Micah' residue on surface produced 36% more crowns per plant and the greatest total yield than that of any other treatment. `Micah' on surface produced 50% more shoot biomass and 45% greater yield compared to `Micah' barley planted in the plot. Total `Selva' yield was 61% greater in perlite treatment than the yield in perlite with `Wheeler' rye and 31% greater than the control treatment. Comparison of `Selva' strawberry total yield and average fruit production between cover crops vs. control treatment using non-orthogonal contrast indicated no significant difference might suggests no detrimental interaction between cover crops and strawberry.

Soil amendments of fly ash: effects on function and biochemical activity of Carthamus tinctorius L. plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 12-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sumira Jan ◽  
Riyazzuddin Khan ◽  
T.O. Siddiqi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Metabolites Production ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Proper disposal and recycling of different industrial waste materials have long been recognized as a prime environmental concern. The present study evaluated the effects of soil amendment of fly ash, a major industrial waste material, on soil properties, plant growth, productivity and metabolites production of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). The soil was amended with varied concentrations of fly ash (0%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% per pot) prior to sowing under field conditions in the herbal garden of Jamia Hamdard. Sampling was conducted at different growth stages, i.e. pre-flowering, flowering and post-flowering. Our results demonstrate that fly ash concentrations up to 25% improved the physicochemical properties of the soil as compared to non-treated control resulting in increased availability to the plant of macro and micronutrients and thereby stimulating plant growth and productivity. Contents of photosynthetic pigments, sugars, protein, and nitrate reductase (NR) activity increased under 25% fly ash amendment. The highest beneficial effect was found during the flowering stage > pre-flowering > post-flowering stages. Further increase in fly ash concentration reduced the stimulated effects on the plants, exhibiting a minimum under 75% fly ash application. Thus, it was concluded that incorporation of 25% fly ash to the cultivation soil not only improves the physicochemical properties of the soil, but also contributes to better growth, yield and metabolism of safflower.

scholarly journals Digital image processing technology under backpropagation neural network and K-Means Clustering algorithm on nitrogen utilization rate of Chinese cabbages

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248923
Author(s):  
Qilin Wang ◽  
Xinyu Mao ◽  
Xiaosan Jiang ◽  
Dandan Pei ◽  
Xiaohou Shao
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Backpropagation Neural Network ◽  
Quality Evaluation Model ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Population Quality

The purposes are to monitor the nitrogen utilization efficiency of crops and intelligently evaluate the absorption of nutrients by crops during the production process. The research object is Chinese cabbage. The Chinese cabbage population with different agricultural parameters is constructed through different densities and nitrogen fertilizer application rates based on digital image processing technology, and an estimation NC (Nitrogen Content) model is established. The population is classified through the K-Means Clustering algorithm using the feature extraction method, and the Chinese cabbage population quality BPNN (Backpropagation Neural Network) model is constructed. The nonlinear mapping relationship between different agricultural parameters and population quality, and the contribution rate of each indicator, are studied. The nitrogen utilization of Chinese cabbage is monitored effectively. Results demonstrate that the proposed NC estimation model has correlation coefficients above 0.70 in different growth stages. This model can accurately estimate the NC of the Chinese cabbage population. The results of the Chinese cabbage population quality BPNN model show that the population planting density based on the seedling number is reasonable. The constructed population quality evaluation model has a high R2 value and a comparatively low RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) value for the quality evaluation of Chinese cabbage in different periods, showing that it applies to evaluate the population quality of Chinese cabbage in different growth stages. The constructed nitrogen utilization model and quality evaluation model can monitor the nutrient utilization of crops in different growth stages, ascertain the agricultural characteristics of other yield groups in different growth stages, and clarify the performance of agricultural parameters in different growth stages. The above results can provide some ideas for crop growth intelligent detection.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ETHEPHON CONCENTRATION AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES ON YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS OF WHEAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Naqeeb & Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Abu Ghraib ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Different Growth Stages

An experiments were carried out at the field of Crops Dept., Coll. of Agric., Univ. of Baghdad, Abu Ghraib during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 seasons to study effect of foliar stages and concentrations of ethephon on some growth traits and the yield of wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) Abu Ghraib-3 var. A split plot arrangement according to RCBD was used with four replications. The main plots were spray ethephon with four stages according to Zadok's scale which is: one leaf throught the sheath (ZGS10), three leaves unfolded stage (ZGS13), elongation stage (ZGS30) and flag leaf ligue visible (ZGS39), and the sub-plots was ethephon spray with three concentrations (0.400, 0.600 and 0.800) Kg.ha-1 in addition to control treatment. The results showed that ZGS13 gave lowest mean for height plant (90.47 and 92.80) cm, while ZGS30 was superior in number of tillers (493.61 and 535.35) tiller.m-2, percentage of tillers carried of spike (78.83 and 81.21, number of spikes (389.64 and 636.80) spike.m-2, grain yield (4.07 and 4.32) ton.ha-1, biological yield (11.29 and 11.59)ton.ha-1 and harvest index (36.03 and 37.26)% for both seasons, respectively. Also, the results showed that 0.800 Kg.ha-1 produced lowest means for height plant (77.91 and 86.25) cm and lodging index (3.65 and 2.75), and this treatment (0.800 mg.L-1) gave highest means for number of tillers (499.22 and 540.99) tiller.m-2, percentage of tillers carried of spike (78.88 and 78.15)%, number of spikes (393.84 and 423.91) spike.m-2, grain yield (4.14 and 4.12) ton.ha-1, biological yield (11.47 and 11.70)ton.ha-1 and harvest index (36.11 and 37.62)% for both seasons, respectively. The interaction between ZGS30 and 0.400 Kg.ha-1ethephon gave highest percentage of tillers carried of spike (80.96%) in the first season only.     

scholarly journals The Shoot Apex (Vegetative or Generative) of Heliconia bihai and H. latispatha in Relation to Growth

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 861D-861
Author(s):  
Norberto Maciel ◽  
Eybar Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Generative Stage ◽  
Different Growth Stages

The shoot apex from plants of Heliconia bihai (L.) L. and H. latispatha Benth. growing under natural inductive conditions, and two shade-loving (60% and 0%) at different growth stages (one to six or eight expanded leaves) was studied. Observations were made using a light microscope, in 15-μm-thick sections. The analysis included changes in 1) size and shape of the meristem, 2) shape, ubication of new leaves, spathes, and flowers in the apex, and 3) relation between these characteristics, the condition of the apex (vegetative, transitional, and generative), and the plant growth stages. The anatomical structures of the shoot apex (meristem, leaves, and flowers primordias) are illustrated by photomicrographs. The meristem change in size and shape with grow up expanded leaf number. The condition of the apex was related to the total leaf number. The total leaf number was five or six in H. bihai under 60% and 0 % shade levels and 8 in H. latispatha at both shade levels. The apex reaches the generative stage when the plant has a minimum expanded leaf number of four (at 60 % shade) and five (0 %) in H. bihai and five in both shade conditions in H. latispatha. After this, the inflorescence started progressively to raise above the rest of rhizome.

scholarly journals 183 Influence of Cover Crops on Weed Control and Plant Growth in Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.)

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 473E-473
Author(s):  
Braja B. Datta ◽  
Ray D William
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Root Competition ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Weed Biomass

Fall-planted cover crops killed in spring is practiced in strawberry cultivation in different regions of the North America. These systems have shown significant weed suppression and conservation of soil without significant yield reduction in strawberry. During the establishment season, this study was initiated to assess weed suppression with cover crops (`Wheeler' rye and `Micah' and `Steptoe' barley) along with perlite, an artificial plant medium. Strawberry (`Selva' and `Totem') plant growth and weed biomass were measured during 1995-96 season. Small-seeded summer annual weeds were suppressed in cover crop treatments compared to control treatment. `Micah' barley in growth phase suppressed more than 81% of the total weed biomass compared to control plots with no cover crop in early spring. However, in early summer, cover crop residues failed to suppress different types of weeds 60 days after killing of cereal with herbicide (2% glyphosate). Distinct differences in strawberry plant growth were evident between the cover crop treatments and non-cover crop treatments including `Micah' applied on surface. Strawberry growth was doubled during 10 July to 15 Aug. in both cultivars. `Micah' barley applied on surface produced better growth in both strawberry varieties than the growth in other treatments. `Micah' barley applied on soil surface produced 50% more strawberry shoot biomass may indicate the root competition between cover crops and strawberry.

scholarly journals The effect of sublethal concentrations of malathion on some biological parameters of the ectoparasitoid wasp, Habrobracon hebetor (Say, 1836)

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
Amin ASADI ◽  
Jaber KARIMI ◽  
Habib ABBASIPOUR
Keyword(s):  
Control Treatment ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Male Production ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Habrobracon Hebetor ◽  
Adult Wasp ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Different Growth Stages

<em><em></em></em><p>The ectoparasitoid wasp, <em>Habrobracon hebetor</em> (Say, 1836) (Hym.: Braconidae) is one of the most important natural enemies of many pests in Iran. In this study, the effects of sublethal concentrations of malathion (LC<sub>10</sub> and LC<sub>25</sub>) on biological parameters of the adult wasp including parasitism percentage, male production and longevity of the parasitoid in different growth stages (larvae, pupae and adult) were investigated. The experiments were conducted at 26 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5 % RH, and 16L:8D h photoperiods. The effect of sublethal concentrations of malathion on adults was determined by exposure of wasp to insecticide, and in the case of larvae and pupae, immersion method was used. Based on the results, with the increase of toxic dose, the percentage of parasitism in adult decreased from 95.6 5% to 87.78 %, compared to the control treatment. Male production increased from 22.73 % in control to 56.38 % at LC<sub>25</sub> concentration. Also, the percentage of parasitism of the malathion-impregnated wasp larvae decreased from 87.78 to 22.92%, compared to the control treatment. Male production from 30.94 % in the control increased to 39.63 % at the LC<sub>25</sub> concentration. In addition, the percentage of parasitism in the wasp pupae impregnated with malathion was reduced from 93.33 to 88.89 %, respectively. Male production increased from 22.98 in the control to 37.23 % in the LC<sub>25</sub> concentration. The data showed that pupae were more susceptible to sublethal concentrations than the larvae.</p>

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