scholarly journals Disaster risk understanding of local people after the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in Pokhara City, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandani Bhandari ◽  
Ranjan Kumar Dahal ◽  
Manita Timilsina
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Partial Credit Model ◽  
Geological Condition ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
The People ◽  
2015 Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Major Disaster

AbstractThe unique geography and fragile geological condition have made Nepal more prone to various types of disasters. The 2015 Gorkha Earthquake had a serious effect on one-third of the population of Nepal. Disaster comes with both opportunities and consequences. It depends on how a country and affected people deal with the situations. After the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake, many people especially those from the affected districts were assumed to be sensitized regarding the consequences of Earthquake disaster. In general, the disaster affected people have certainly gained know-how of the disaster to some extent even through experiences. But, the people who are less affected by the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake are yet to be aware of its major consequences. Hence, this research aims to understand the perception of people who were not severely affected by the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake but they are at high risk of future earthquake events. This research evaluated whether such people are aware of the major disaster consequences or not. Likewise, it also evaluated whether they are working on the risk reduction and disaster preparedness plans to minimize human and property loss in the future or not. So, this research was carried out in the rapidly urbanizing Pokhara City situated in the western part of Nepal which is at high risk of various types of disasters including earthquakes. The research was focused on understanding the perception of risk perceived by the people of Pokhara City in the aftermath of the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake. A household survey was conducted that involved the individual interview of a total of 152 participants from randomly selected houses. Various questions related to Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) issues including readiness and mitigating behaviour of people, disaster risk adaptation and perceptions were asked. Histogram analysis, distribution analysis, bivariate correlations and independent sample t-tests were conducted to examine the relationship between people in disaster education-related programs and how they are following key DRR issues related to dependent (criterion) variables. A series of independent sample t-tests were conducted to examine the effects of age, gender, and disaster events on the dependent variables. Likewise, to evaluate the coherency of the data provided by the respondents, the Partial Credit Model (PCM) was used. Validity, reliability and unidimensionality of the scale were further evaluated by using PCM. The findings of this research show that the people residing in such a rapidly urbanizing Pokhara City are completely unaware of the major consequences of various types of disasters. Almost 60% of the respondents even well-educated conceived that the disaster is merely the act of God that is beyond our imagination to control and mitigate. This easily concludes that in Pokhara City, the local community, technicians and even policymakers are unaware of the proper disaster management plans and policies. Pokhara city lacks awareness of upcoming disasters and it is a serious drawback that can create too many issues in sustainable development practices in the city.

China’s Approach to Disaster Risk Reduction: Human Security Challenges in a Time of Climate Change

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Renwick
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Major Disaster ◽  
The World

Natural disasters strike at people’s lives across the world but hit underdeveloped countries and societies’ poorest hardest. Those living in the Asia-Pacific region are significantly more likely to experience natural disaster than those in any other part of the world. China is one of the most exposed to natural disasters, with a long history of devastating events and remains at high risk. China has undertaken major disaster risk reduction (DRR) reforms. Importantly, China is also increasingly committed to international cooperation over DRR within a Sendai Framework. Adopting a Human Security perspective, this article explains and critically evaluates China’s DRR reforms. It highlights China’s increased willingness to collaborate with international agencies over knowledge exchange and capacity building to improve its domestic DRR and contribute to the international DRR system. The study argues that China’s reforms are a work in progress, but demonstrating improvement. It argues that China’s expressed wish for closer international DRR cooperation is a new opportunity to mainstream China and it is incumbent on the international community and Chinese Government to build on emerging collaboration and grasp this long-overdue opportunity.

scholarly journals Disaster risk analysis of Mount Bromo eruption after the 2015 eruption in Sukapura District

2018 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 01015
Author(s):  
Turniningtyas Ayu Rachmawati ◽  
Dwi Rahmawati ◽  
Arief Rachmansyah
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Community Capacity ◽  
Risk Calculation ◽  
Disaster Risk Analysis ◽  
Risk Areas

Mount Bromo is one of the most active volcanoes in East Java with a 4-5 year interval of the eruption. Its last eruption was in 2015 and is expected to erupt in 2020. The mountain is characterized as having the phreatic type of eruption, which can take months, and made Sukapura district the most seriously affected. Sukapura District is inhabited by Tengger people who strongly uphold their customs. The strong spiritual relationship between Tengger people and Mount Bromo affects the efforts to reduce the disaster risk. In anticipation of the coming eruption in 2020, a disaster risk calculation is required as the basis for disaster risk reduction. This paper examines the risks of Mount Bromo eruption disaster from the aspects of its hazards, vulnerability and community capacity. The results of risk calculation indicate that the vulnerability and capacity are the most influential aspects to the magnitude of the risks suffered by the community. The high-risk areas to prioritize are Ngadisari, Sariwani, Sapikerep, Wonokerto, Ngadirejo, and part of Jetak Village. Moderate risks include part of Kedasih village, part of Pakel Village, part of Ngadas Village, part of Jetak Village and part of Wonokerto Village. The low-risk areas include part of Ngepung Village, Sukapura Village, part of Ngadas Village and part of Wonotoro Village.

scholarly journals Identifying archaeological evidence of past earthquakes in a contemporary disaster scenario: case studies of damage, resilience and risk reduction from the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake and past seismic events within the Kathmandu Valley UNESCO World Heritage Property (Nepal)

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Davis ◽  
Robin Coningham ◽  
Kosh Prasad Acharya ◽  
Ram Bahadur Kunwar ◽  
Paolo Forlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
2015 Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Disaster Scenario

AbstractThe 2015 Gorkha Earthquake was a humanitarian disaster but also a cultural catastrophe that damaged and destroyed historic monuments across Nepal, including those within the Kathmandu Valley UNESCO World Heritage Property. In the rush to rebuild, traditionally constructed foundations are being removed and replaced with modern materials without assessments of whether these contributed to the collapse of a monument. Generally undertaken without scientific recording, these interventions have led to the irreversible destruction of earlier subsurface phases of cultural activity and the potential loss of evidence for successful traditional seismic adaptations and risk reduction strategies, with no research into whether modern materials, such as concrete and steel, would offer enhanced resilience. In response to this context, multidisciplinary post-disaster investigations were undertaken between 2015 and 2018, including archaeological excavation, geophysical survey, geoarchaeological analysis, linked to architectural and engineering studies, to begin to evaluate and assess the damage to, and seismic adaptations of, historic structures within Nepal’s Kathmandu Valley. Where possible, we draw on archaeoseismological approaches for the identification and classification of Earthquake Archaeological Effects (EAEs) at selected monuments damaged by the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake. Lessons learned from evidence of potential weaknesses, as well as historic ‘risk-sensitive tactics’ of hazard reduction within monuments, are now being incorporated into reconstruction and rehabilitation initiatives alongside the development of methods for the protection of heritage in the face of future earthquakes.

MENINGKATKAN KAPASITAS MASYARAKAT DALAM MENGATASI RISIKO BENCANA KEKERINGAN

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsul Maarif
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
The People ◽  
Grassroots Level ◽  
Harvesting Techniques ◽  
Feasible Solutions ◽  
One Year ◽  
Water Tanks

Drought risk in Indonesia , particularly in Java Island will continuously increase. Global warming, environmental degradation, increased population, and poverty will more and more increase drought risk faced by the community. It is estimated that approximately 77% of the districts and cities in Java Island have experienced one to eight months of water deficit in one year. In 2025 the number of districts and cities experience water deficit will become 78.4% with a deficit from one month to twelve months or one full year. To reduce the risk posed by drought, community’spreparedness will need to be enhanced through the provision of water to deal with drought. Several rain harvesting techniques such as construction of water reservoirs, water tanks and absorption wells, as well as conservation of ground water, may be applied in high risks areas. Such rain harvesting techniques have indeed been implemented in many areas by traditional communities. Community’s capacity may be enhanced through continuous drought risk reduction programs that are based in the grassroots level and involve all relevant stakeholders. The role ofthe community becomes very crucial because in reality the people and local organizations constitute the keys in disaster risk reduction initiatives. The present initiatives involve community’s participation that is based on the following principles: based on the problems faced and the opportunities available in the community; using feasible solutions; encouraging partnerships with external parties; employing local knowledge and skills; focusing on the original conditions; and with clearly visible outputs.

scholarly journals KEBERTAHANAN KULTURAL DAN RELIGI DI AREA PERMUKIMAN TERDAMPAK BENCANA LUMPUR LAPINDO SIDOARJO, JAWA TIMUR

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
June Ekawati
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
The People

Indonesia is a disaster-prone country, therefore efforts for Disaster Risk Reduction are very useful to do.This paper aims to examine the cultural and religious roles of settlement in areas affected by the Lapindo mudflow disaster in Sidoarjo. The method used in this study is the study of relevant literature from research that has been done before. From the results of the literature review, it was concluded that culture and religion became capital for the people who were maintained even though their settlements were now scattered. Culture and religion also become identities which are very influential factors for the resilience of settlements which up to now still have vulnerability, so that anticipation and adaptation need to be carried out as preparedness for possible future disasters.

scholarly journals Examination of Household Evacuation Influencing Factors In Flood Disaster: A Case Study of Saptari Flood in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-76
Author(s):  
Praja Bhakta Shrestha ◽  
Gangadhar Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Flood Disaster ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The People ◽  
Major Disaster ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Flood Prone Area ◽  
Past Experiences

Disaster, a serious disruption in functioning of society whether by natural or manmade cause can happen anywhere. Devastating seismic, hurricane, flood, drought and fire are major disaster. Mitigating disaster risk, prompt rescue and timely evacuation decision during such disaster can prevent loss of lives and properties. The evacuation decision is the choice of people to stay away from the area of risk. The study analyzes the people’s perception of evacuation decisions in a flood disaster in the Saptari district of Nepal affected by Koshi River and other tributaries of it as a Disaster Risk Management. According to United Nations (2016), Management refers to “the organization, planning and applications of measure preparing for, responding to and recovering form disasters”. From the flood-affected site, 246 people were randomly selected for this study and examined the factors influencing evacuation decision-making. The study analyzes the past experiences of the people and their perception. The study has explored that Gender, Destination of evacuation, warning condition, reasons for not evacuating, education, age, proximity to the River from residence, land ownership, the capacity of the people are the factors examined and found no any association with the people’s decision on evacuation during the flood disaster in affected areas in Saptari district. These findings help the student, Disaster Risk Reduction field, Government policy makers and different actors to minimize the loss of lives and properties. The study also recommends for future research on victim’s evacuation decision-making capability in different flood-prone area of Nepal.

scholarly journals A continuum of perceived urban risk – from the Gorkha earthquake to economic insecurity

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna A Ruszczyk
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Economic Insecurity ◽  
Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Urban South ◽  
Urban Risk

Global discussions of risk in the disaster risk reduction literature do not necessarily reflect the range of risk as understood by residents in the urban South. This intra-urban comparison from Bharatpur, Nepal, where the Gorkha earthquake struck in 2015, shows how residents in two different wards perceive risks related to themselves, their families and their urban environment. The continuum of perceived urban risk includes events such as the Gorkha earthquake and the administrative change, as well as everyday concerns such as poor quality of infrastructure provision and economic insecurity. By contrasting the views of these residents of an “ordinary” city in the urban South, and comparing them also with the views of the local authority, this paper allows for an enriched understanding of how risk is understood, highlighting the breadth of concerns involved, and the tensions in understandings of the full spectrum of urban risk. Understandings and definitions of risk matter. If perceptions of risk from the local level are not included within the broader disaster risk reduction discourse, this shapes and in effect limits the risks that are actually managed through policy and practice.

scholarly journals WCDRR and the CEOS activities on disaters

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-7/W3 ◽  
pp. 845-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Petiteville ◽  
C. Ishida ◽  
J. Danzeglocke ◽  
A. Eddy ◽  
F. Gaetani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Major Disaster ◽  
Earth Observation Satellites ◽  
High Level

Agencies from CEOS (Committee on Earth Observation Satellites) have traditionally focused their efforts on the response phase. Rapid urbanization and increased severity of weather events has led to growing economic and human losses from disasters, requiring international organisations to act now in all disaster risk management (DRM) phases, especially through improved disaster risk reduction policies and programmes. As part of this effort, CEOS agencies have initiated a series of actions aimed at fostering the use of Earth observation (EO) data to support disaster risk reduction and at raising the awareness of policy and decision-makers and major stakeholders of the benefits of using satellite EO in all phases of DRM. <br><br> CEOS is developing a long-term vision for sustainable application of satellite EO to all phases of DRM. CEOS is collaborating with regional representatives of the DRM user community, on a multi-hazard project involving three thematic pilots (floods, seismic hazards and volcanoes) and a Recovery Observatory that supports resilient recovery from one major disaster. These pilot activities are meant as trail blazers that demonstrate the potential offered by satellite EO for comprehensive DRM. <br><br> In the framework of the 2015 3<sup>rd</sup> World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (WCDRR), the CEOS space agencies intend to partner with major stakeholders, including UN organizations, the Group on Earth Observations (GEO), international relief agencies, leading development banks, and leading regional DRM organisations, to define and implement a 15-year plan of actions (2015- 2030) that responds to high-level Post-2015 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction priorities. This plan of action will take into account lessons learned from the CEOS pilot activities.

Linking Hazard Vulnerability, Risk Reduction, and Adaptation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörn Birkmann ◽  
Joanna M. McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Development ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
The People ◽  
Actual Harm ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Agenda

The concepts of vulnerability, disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation are interlinked. Risk reduction requires a focus not just on the hazards themselves or on the people and structures exposed to hazards but on the vulnerability of those exposed. Vulnerability helps with the identification of root causes that make people or structures susceptible to being affected by natural and climate-related hazards. It is therefore an essential component of reducing risk of disasters and of adapting to climate change. The need to better assess and acknowledge vulnerability has been recognized by several communities of thought and practice, including the Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) communities. The concept of vulnerability was introduced during the 1980s as a way to better understand the differential consequences of similar hazard events and differential impacts of climate change on different societies or social groups and physical structures. Since then, the concept gradually became an integral part of discourses around disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. Although the history of the emergence of vulnerability concepts and the different perspectives of these communities mean the way they frame vulnerability differs, the academic discourse has reached wide agreement that risk—and actual harm and losses—are not just caused by physical events apparently out of human control but primarily by what is exposed and vulnerable to those events. In the international policy arena, vulnerability, risk, and adaptation concepts are now integrated into the global agenda on sustainable development, disaster risk reduction, and climate change. In the context of international development projects and financial aid, the terms and concepts are increasingly used and applied. However, there is still too little focus on addressing underlying vulnerabilities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document