scholarly journals Evaluation of clinical trials of the plants, which have ethnobotanical uses for skin disorders in Turkey: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinar Alan ◽  
Halil Özgüldü ◽  
Meryem Sedef Erdal ◽  
Ayşenur Yaman Bucak ◽  
A. Yağız Üresin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Borago Officinalis ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Euphorbia Peplus ◽  
Ethnobotanical Uses

Abstract Background Ethnobotanical studies investigating a large number of traditional herbs and uses have an important role in the discovery of new drugs. Nowadays, some of these traditional herbs are researched directly in the clinical trials. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the 19 plant species that have been identified in the clinical trials among 300 plant species belonging to 79 families with traditional use for skin problems in Turkey. Main body Natural sources are very important to treat diseases for thousands of years. The ethnopharmacological research of natural products ranges from the collection of biogenic samples such as plants to preclinical and clinical studies with the aim of developing drug templates or new drugs. In the ethnopharmacological approach, it is aimed to reach the result based on the traditional and modern knowledge about natural resources. The biggest advantage of this approach is synthesizing new and old information. After the plant or natural compound is determined, other processes work similarly with conventional drugs. Methods Ethnobotanical papers, thesis and projects in Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) have been sought and results were synthesized. Results Most of the clinical uses of herbs have been seen similar to their traditional uses. On the other hand, there are some plants on which their clinical uses differ from the traditional uses such as Borago officinalis, Calendula officinalis or Euphorbia peplus. When the frequency of traditional uses of herbs are compared, Plantago species, Plantago major and Plantago lanceolata are the most used taxa in Turkey, secondly, Hypericum perforatum comes. However, Plantago species are not of much interest in clinical trials. It is seen that most of the plants in the clinical research are tried for wound healing occuring due to different origins such as cancer, surgery and injury. Side effects were observed only during the application of Allium cepa, Cydonia oblonga and H. perforatum. Conclusions When clinical trials are evaluated in terms of efficacy and overall results, significant differences and effective results are seen in treatment groups given herbs in comparison with placebo or control groups.

scholarly journals Zanthoxylum Species: A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology in Relation to Cancer, Infectious Diseases and Sickle Cell Anemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocent Uzochukwu Okagu ◽  
Joseph Chinedum Ndefo ◽  
Emmanuel Chigozie Aham ◽  
Chibuike. C. Udenigwe
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Protection Mechanisms

The health benefits and toxicity of plant products are largely dependent on their secondary metabolite contents. These compounds are biosynthesized by plants as protection mechanisms against environmental factors and infectious agents. This review discusses the traditional uses, phytochemical constituents and health benefits of plant species in genus Zanthoxylum with a focus on cancer, microbial and parasitic infections, and sickle cell disease as reported in articles published from 1970 to 2021 in peer-reviewed journals and indexed in major scientific databases. Generally, Z. species are widely distributed in Asia, America and Africa, where they are used as food and for disease treatment. Several compounds belonging to alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and lignans, among others have been isolated from Z. species. This review discusses the biological activities reported for the plant species and their phytochemicals, including anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-trypanosomal, antimalarial and anti-sickling properties. The safety profiles and suggestions for conservation of the Z. species were also discussed. Taken together, this review demonstrates that Z. species are rich in a wide range of bioactive phytochemicals with multiple health benefits, but more research is needed towards their practical application in the development of functional foods, nutraceuticals and lead compounds for new drugs.

scholarly journals Genotype-driven therapeutic developments in Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannik Prasuhn ◽  
Norbert Brüggemann
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Future ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Abstract Background Remarkable advances have been reached in the understanding of the genetic basis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), with the identification of monogenic causes (mPD) and a plethora of gene loci leading to an increased risk for idiopathic PD. The expanding knowledge and subsequent identification of genetic contributions fosters the understanding of molecular mechanisms leading to disease development and progression. Distinct pathways involved in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and lysosomal function have been identified and open a unique window of opportunity for individualized treatment approaches. These genetic findings have led to an imminent progress towards pathophysiology-targeted clinical trials and potentially disease-modifying treatments in the future. Main body of the manuscript In this review article we will summarize known genetic contributors to the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease, the molecular mechanisms leading to disease development, and discuss challenges and opportunities in clinical trial designs. Conclusions The future success of clinical trials in PD is mainly dependent on reliable biomarker development and extensive genetic testing to identify genetic cases. Whether genotype-dependent stratification of study participants will extend the potential application of new drugs will be one major challenge in conceptualizing clinical trials. However, the latest developments in genotype-driven treatments will pave the road to individualized pathophysiology-based therapies in the future.

scholarly journals Traditional Uses and Pharmacologically Active Constituents of Dendrobium Plants for Dermatological Disorders: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue-Hu Wang
Keyword(s):  
New Drugs ◽  
No Production ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Dermatological Disorders ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Pharmacologically Active Compounds

AbstractDendrobium Sw. is one of the largest genera in the orchidaceous family and includes 900–2000 species. Among them, more than 80 Dendrobium species have been reported in China. However, there are only six Dendrobium species, namely, D. bigibbum var. superbum (syn. D. phalaenopsis), D. chrysanthum, D. fimbriatum, D. loddigesii, D. nobile, and D. officinale (syn. D. candidum), listed in the New Inventory of Existing Cosmetic Ingredients in China Launched. Artificial planting of Dendrobium species has been a great success in China. To better utilize Dendrobium resources for medicinal and cosmetic purposes, we summarize their traditional uses and pharmacologically active compounds for treating dermatological disorders in this review. “Orchidaceae”, “Dendrobium”, “traditional use”, “ethnobotany”, “dermatological disorder”, and “skin disease” were used as search terms to screen the literature. Cited references were collected between 1970 and 2020 from the Web of Science, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), SciFinder, Google Scholar, and Chinese books. From the search, it was found that there are 22 Dendrobium species with traditional uses in dermatological disorders, and 131 compounds from Dendrobium plants have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiaging, anti-psoriasis, and tyrosinase-inhibitory activities, implying that Dendrobium plants are important resources for the discovery of active compounds and the development of new drugs and cosmetics. D. crepidatum, D. denneanum, D. loddigesii, D. nobile, and D. officinale have been extensively studied. More research on other Dendrobium species is needed. The major active compounds found in Dendrobium species are phenanthrenes, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and lignans. Several compounds, such as loddigesiinol A, (S)-5-methoxy-2,4,7,9-tetrahydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, (S)-4-methoxy-2,5,7,9-tetrahydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, 2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-phenanthrene 2-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, (9R)-1,2,5,9-tetrahydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene 5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, (+)-homocrepidine A, and vicenin 2, have significant anti-inflammatory activities and inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production with IC50 values less than 5 μM, and these compounds are worthy of further study. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals New Perspectives for the Use of Potentilla alba Rhizomes to Treat Thyroid Gland Impairments

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Augustynowicz ◽  
Magdalena Podolak ◽  
Klaus Peter Latté ◽  
Michał Tomczyk
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Toxicological Research

Abstract Potentilla alba is a valuable medicinal plant that has been highly praised even before its first appearance in herbal books; however, it has now been forgotten in Western Europe. Currently, this species is used in Eastern Europe as a remedy to treat dysentery and various thyroid gland dysfunctions. The present review summarizes the advances in the phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological research related to this plant species. Clinical trials that have been conducted to date support its traditional use for treating thyroid disorders, although its exact mechanism of action, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics data are missing.

scholarly journals Leveraging epigenetics to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Licht ◽  
Richard L. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Antigen Presentation ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Chromatin Accessibility ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms

Abstract Background Epigenetic mechanisms regulate chromatin accessibility patterns that govern interaction of transcription machinery with genes and their cis-regulatory elements. Mutations that affect epigenetic mechanisms are common in cancer. Because epigenetic modifications are reversible many anticancer strategies targeting these mechanisms are currently under development and in clinical trials. Main body Here we review evidence suggesting that epigenetic therapeutics can deactivate immunosuppressive gene expression or reprogram tumor cells to activate antigen presentation mechanisms. In addition, the dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms commonly observed in cancer may alter the immunogenicity of tumor cells and effectiveness of immunotherapies. Conclusions Therapeutics targeting epigenetic mechanisms may be helpful to counter immune evasion and improve the effectiveness of immunotherapies.

scholarly journals Ethnomedicinal Plants Traditionally Used for the Treatment of Jaundice (Icterus) in Himachal Pradesh in Western Himalaya—A Review

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Disha Raghuvanshi ◽  
Rajni Dhalaria ◽  
Anjali Sharma ◽  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Harsh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Plants ◽  
Pharmacological Significance

Ethnomedicinal plants have a significant role in the lives of people of rural and tribal areas. Thousands of medicinal plant species are used to treat various diseases, including jaundice, and are considered an important therapeutic resource to minimize these diseases. Jaundice (icterus) is a chronic disease that occurs when the amount of bilirubin in the blood increases. This review describes different ethnomedicinal plants used for curing jaundice by tribal and rural people of Himachal Pradesh. The study reveals 87 ethnomedicinal plant species belonging to 51 different families, which are used for treating jaundice in Himachal Pradesh. These plants are arranged in a systematic way, which includes a description of their common name, botanical name, along with its family, plant parts used, region, and mode of use in tabulated form. Some of the plant extracts have already been explored for their phytochemical and pharmacological significance and proved their potential in the preparation of new medicines or drugs against the treatment of jaundice. This review is an attempt to highlight the indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants, which are specifically used for the treatment of jaundice. The data mentioned in the present review is compiled from various sources like existing literature, books, Google Scholar, and Scopus publications. Among all the observed plant species, most used medicinal plants for the treatment of jaundice include Justicia adhatoda, Emblica officinalis, Ricinus communis, Saccharum officinarum, Terminalia chebula, Berberis aristata, Cuscuta reflexa, and Tinospora cordifolia. Plants that are mostly utilized for the treatment of jaundice need to be scientifically validated by pharmacological analysis and should be subsequently used for the preparation of new drugs, which may prove far more beneficial than the existing one.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation Potential of Native Herbaceous Plant Species Growing on a Paradigmatic Brownfield Site

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Matanzas ◽  
E. Afif ◽  
T. E. Díaz ◽  
J. R. Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Medicago Lupulina ◽  
Icp Ms

AbstractPhytomanagement techniques using native species allow the recovery of contaminated soils at low cost and circumvent the ecological risks associated with the use of non-native species. In this context, a paradigmatic brownfield megasite highly contaminated by As and Pb was sampled in order to analyze soil–plant interactions and identify plant species with phytoremediation potential. A survey was first carried out in a 20-ha area to obtain an inventory of species growing spontaneously throughout the site. We then performed another survey in the most polluted sub-area (1 ha) within the site. Pseudototal concentrations of contaminants in the soil, aerial parts of the plants, and roots were measured by ICP-MS. A detailed habitat classification was done, and a specific index of coverage was applied by means of a 1-year quadrat study in various sampling stations. Results converged in the selection of six herbaceous species (Dysphania botrys, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus hispidus, Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium repens, Medicago lupulina). All of these plants are fast-growing, thereby making them suitable for use in phytostabilization strategies. Furthermore, they are all easy to grow and propagate and are generally self-sustaining. All six plants showed accumulation factors below 1, thus revealing them as pseudomethallophytes and excluders. However, L. hispidus and M. lupulina showed translocation capacity and are considered worthy of further study.

scholarly journals Ethnobotanical, phytochemistry, and pharmacological property of Waltheria Indica Linn

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Nirmala ◽  
M Sridevi
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Anti Fungal

Abstract Background In modern therapeutics, various human pathological disturbances were treated with the plant-based products. Waltheria indica Linn, a perennial herb, was commonly used in traditional medicine worldwide against various ailments such as cough, dysentery, diarrhea, bladder disorder, hemoptysis, inflammations, neuralgia, wounds, and ulcers. Main body The shrub was majorly distributed in tropical, subtropical regions and exists in many distinct local forms. Both the crude extracts and purified compounds from the whole plant and its parts showed wide pharmacological properties like antioxidant, analgesic, sedative, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-parasitic. The phytochemical profile and traditional usage highlight the potency of the plant in the treatment of microbial infections and inflammatory diseases. Yet, additional studies are required for the confirmations of its traditional uses against other diseases. More detailed understanding of anti-cataract, anti-diabetics, asthma, anemia, and anti-cancer mechanism has to be explored. Though many research articles on the proposed plant are available, there has been a rising concern in the therapeutic property, especially on the alkaloids and flavonoids from this plant for drug design. Conclusion This article aims in a systematic and updated review on distribution, botany, traditional uses, phytocompounds, and relevant biological activities from each part of the plant. The information was collected from databases like PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Google Scholar, books, dissertation, and reports via academic libraries that included more than 100 articles published since 1937. This ethnopharmacological study of the plant may create new insight into drug discovery to develop important novel leads against various biological targets.

scholarly journals “Nanomaterials of curcumin-hyaluronic acid”: their various methods of formulations, clinical and therapeutic applications, present gap, and future directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanzeel Rehman Charan ◽  
Muhammad Aqeel Bhutto ◽  
Mihr Ali Bhutto ◽  
Azhar Ali Tunio ◽  
Ghulam Murtaza Khuhro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Neural Disorders

Abstract Background Nanomaterials of curcumin with hyaluronic acid have gained a lot of attention for potential therapeutic applications of curcumin and hyaluronic acid with or without other additional drugs. Overall studies of curcumin and hyaluronic acid show that nanomaterials of curcumin with hyaluronic acid accelerate the efficacy of curcumin in the treatment of various disorders like arthritis, cancer, hepatic fibrosis, neural disorders, wound healing, and skin regeneration, it is largely due to the combined effect of hyaluronic acid and curcumin. However, due to limited clinical trials and experiments on humans and animals, there is a substantial gap in research for the safety and efficacy of nanomaterials of curcumin-hyaluronic acid in the treatment of curcumin and hyaluronic acid targeted diseases and disorders. Main body of the abstract In this current review, we have first described various reported synthetic nanomaterials of curcumin-hyaluronic acid, then in the next section, we have described various fields, disorders, and diseases where these are being applied and in the final section of this review, we discussed the research gap, and future research directions needed to propose the fabricated nanocurcumin-hyaluronic acid biomaterials. Short conclusion There are substantial gaps in research for the safety and efficacy of nanomaterials of curcumin with hyaluronic acid due to limited available data of clinical trials and experiments of nanocurcumin-hyaluronic acid biomaterials on humans and animals. So, it entirely requires serious and committed efforts through the well-organized system of practical and clinical trials which provide results, data, and detections that lead to the formulation of the best drug from curcumin with hyaluronic acid for the treatment of curcumin and hyaluronic acid targeted diseases and disorders.

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