scholarly journals Gender disparity in publication records: a qualitative study of women researchers in computing and engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hosseini ◽  
Shiva Sharifzad
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Research Engagement ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Women Researchers

Abstract Background The current paper follows up on the results of an exploratory quantitative analysis that compared the publication and citation records of men and women researchers affiliated with the Faculty of Computing and Engineering at Dublin City University (DCU) in Ireland. Quantitative analysis of publications between 2013 and 2018 showed that women researchers had fewer publications, received fewer citations per person, and participated less often in international collaborations. Given the significance of publications for pursuing an academic career, we used qualitative methods to understand these differences and explore factors that, according to women researchers, have contributed to this disparity. Methods Sixteen women researchers from DCU’s Faculty of Computing and Engineering were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Once interviews were transcribed and anonymised, they were coded by both authors in two rounds using an inductive approach. Results Interviewed women believed that their opportunities for research engagement and research funding, collaborations, publications and promotions are negatively impacted by gender roles, implicit gender biases, their own high professional standards, family responsibilities, nationality and negative perceptions of their expertise and accomplishments. Conclusions Our study has found that women in DCU’s Faculty of Computing and Engineering face challenges that, according to those interviewed, negatively affect their engagement in various research activities, and, therefore, have contributed to their lower publication record. We suggest that while affirmative programmes aiming to correct disparities are necessary, they are more likely to  improve organisational culture if they are implemented in parallel with bottom-up initiatives that engage all parties, including men researchers and non-academic partners, to inform and sensitise them about the significance of gender equity.

Persepsi Pengembangan Karir Ditinjau Dari Komitmen Organisasi Pada Karyawan Kontrak

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Zuraida Zuraida
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Career Development ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Employee Commitment ◽  
Contract Employees ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract : Contract employees are employees who work at the company with a certain time limit, and can be dismissed at any time, this affects employees' perceptions of career development at the company and also affects employee commitment to the company. This study aims to examine the relationship between perceptions of career development and organizational commitment for contract employees. Perceptions of career development variables and organizational commitment were measured using a scale. The subjects of this study were 48 contract employees, with the determination of the sample based on accidental sampling. The analysis technique used in this research is quantitative analysis using Karl Pearson's product moment with SPSS version 20 for Windows. Based on the research results, it is known that the perception of career development with organizational commitment on contract employees. There is a significant positive correlation (r.0.813 with sig <0.05) between the variable perceptions of career development and organizational commitment for contract employees, namely 0.000 and the significance value is below / less than 0.05, this means that the higher (positive) the perception of career development, the higher employee commitment to the company and vice versa, the lower (negative) perceptions of employee career development, the lower employee commitment to the company. On the perception of career development has the most categories at low (negative) with a contribution of 50% and organizational commitment at most has a low category with contributions 46%.   Keywords:   Contract Employees, Organizational Commitment, Perceptions of Career Development.   Abstrak : Karyawan kontrak merupakan karyawan yang bekerja di perusahaan dengan batasan waktu tertentu dan sewaktu-waktu dapat diberhentikan, hal ini mempengaruhi persepsi karyawan terhadap pengembangan karirnya pada perusahaan tersebut dan juga mempengaruhi komitmen karyawan pada perusahaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan persepsi pengembangan karir terhadap komitmen organisasi pada karyawan kontrak. Variabel persepsi pengembangan karir dan komitmen organisasi diukur dengan menggunakan skala. Subjek penelitian ini berjumlah 48 karyawan kontrak , dengan penentuan sampel berdasarkan accidental sampling. Teknik analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis kuantitatif dengan menggunakan product moment karl pearson dengan program SPSS versi 20 for Windows. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa persepsi pengembangan karir dengan komitmen organisasi pada karyawan kontrak, ada korelasi positif yang signifikan (r.0.813 dengan sig < 0.05) antara variabel persepsi pengembangan karir  dengan komitmen organisasi pada karyawan kontrak yaitu 0.000 dan nilai signifikansinya dibawah/lebih kecil 0.05, ini berarti bahwa semakin tinggi (positif) persepsi pengembangan karir maka semakin tinggi komitmen karyawan pada perusahaannya begitu sebaliknya semakin rendah (negatif) persepsi pengembangan karir karyawan maka semakin rendah komitmen karyawan pada perusahaannya. Pada persepsi pengembangan karir memiliki kategori paling banyak pada tingkat rendah (negatif) dengan kontribusi 50% dan komitmen organisasi paling banyak memiliki kategori rendah dengan kontribusi 46%.   Kata Kunci :  Karyawan Kontrak, Komitmen Organisasi, Persepsi Pengembangan Karir 

scholarly journals Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation as Drivers for Early Engagement in Research by Medical Students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yassar Alamri ◽  
Erik Monasterio ◽  
Lutz Beckert ◽  
Tim J Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Research Engagement ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Research Involvement ◽  
Key Factor

Abstract BackgroundA student’s motivation is a key factor in their success in undertaking an education endeavour. However, how this relates to involvement in research by medical students is unclear.MethodsAn electronic questionnaire was sent to all medical students at our institution. To ascertain students’ motivation to undertake research, they were asked an open-ended question to describe the single major factor that would encourage them to get involved in research as a medical student. A framework of self-determination theory was used to deductively code the responses as intrinsic motivation (‘IM’; e.g., interest/passion) or extrinsic motivation (‘EM’; e.g. improving CV). The two groups were then contrasted in relation to their research engagement.ResultsA total of 348 students were included in the survey, of whom 204 were coded as IM responses, and 144 were coded as EM responses. Students who engaged in extra-curricular research activities were more likely to report an underlying EM (48% vs. 36%, p = 0.03). They were also older (23.7 ± 3.5 vs. 21.9 ± 3.7, p = 0.005), and more likely to have completed a prior research degree (15% vs. 3%, p = 0.01).ConclusionIn this study, EM was a bigger influencer on research involvement by medical students than IM. Future studies should explore promoters of IM, and include longitudinal data in order to assess whether EM students continue to be involved in research long-term.

scholarly journals Women neurosurgeons around the world: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. E12
Author(s):  
Tina Lulla ◽  
Rosemary T. Behmer Hansen ◽  
Cynthia A. Smith ◽  
Nicole A. Silva ◽  
Nitesh V. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
English Language ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Physical Burden ◽  
The World ◽  
Country Specific

OBJECTIVEGender disparities in neurosurgery have persisted even as the number of female medical students in many countries has risen. An understanding of the current gender distribution of neurosurgeons around the world and the possible factors contributing to country-specific gender disparities is an important step in improving gender equity in the field.METHODSThe authors performed a systematic review of studies pertaining to women in neurosurgery. Papers listed in PubMed in the English language were collected. A modified grounded theory approach was utilized to systematically identify and code factors noted to contribute to gender disparities in neurosurgery. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows.RESULTSThe authors identified 39 studies describing the density of women neurosurgeons in particular regions, 18 of which documented the proportion of practicing female neurosurgeons in a single or in multiple countries. The majority of these studies were published within the last 5 years. Eight factors contributing to gender disparity were identified, including conference representation, the proverbial glass ceiling, lifestyle, mentoring, discrimination, interest, salary, and physical burden.CONCLUSIONSThe topic of women in neurosurgery has received considerable global scholarly attention. The worldwide proportion of female neurosurgeons varies by region and country. Mentorship was the most frequently cited factor contributing to noted gender differences, with lifestyle, the glass ceiling, and discrimination also frequently mentioned. Future studies are necessary to assess the influence of country-specific sociopolitical factors that push and pull individuals of all backgrounds to enter this field.

scholarly journals Gender Incidence in the Salary of Informal Workers for the Management of Socioeconomic Strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Melendres Medina ◽  
M. Campaña Lara ◽  
B. Riera Riera ◽  
J. Orozco Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Women's Wages ◽  
Heads Of Household ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Traditional Patterns

This research examined the problems experienced by women who work in the informal sector of the city of Riobamba due to receiving poor and lower incomes than men. The main objective was to analyze the influence that gender has on wages of women in this sector, to establish strategies that can promote more equitable development. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used using inductive and deductive methods. Data were collected through a survey and analyzed using the Chi square test. The results showed that women's wages were dependent on their gender, conditioned by a sociocultural environment that has not evolved, especially in the informal sectors made up mostly of rural population. Also, the presence of child labor was evident, and wages could not cover the basic needs of women who identified as heads of household with family responsibilities of between three to five people. The strategy identified to promote equity in the recognition and value of fair work without distinction of gender was based on the following elements: the implementation of inclusion policies and control, training of young women in non-traditional trades, promotion of changes in traditional patterns in households, and policies to combat poverty with a gender focus for sustainable social development. Keywords: gender, equity, salary, strategies, socioeconomic, management. Resumen La investigación plantea la problemática que viven las mujeres que trabajan en el sector informal de la ciudad de Riobamba debido a su condición de género para percibir ingresos deficientes e inferiores a los hombres, el objetivo principal es analizar la incidencia que tiene el género en el salario de las mujeres de este sector para el establecimiento de estrategias que promuevan un desarrollo más equitativo. La metodología investigativa considera estudios analíticos, correlacionales, exploratorios, de campo, un enfoque cuali- cuantitativo, con métodos inductivos y deductivos, usando técnicas como la encuesta, considerado la relación de dependencia a través del Chi cuadrado para la comprobación de la hipótesis, como resultados principales se puede encontrar que la incidencia del género en los salarios de las mujeres es dependiente, condicionado por un ambiente sociocultural que no ha evolucionado sobre todo en los sectores informales conformados en su mayoría por población rural, se evidencia la presencia del trabajo infantil y salarios que no pueden cubrir las necesidades básicas de mujeres que se identifican como jefes de hogar con cargas familiares de entre 3 a 5 personas, se plantea como solución la estrategia para promover la equidad en el reconocimiento y puesta en valor del trabajo equitativo sin distinción de género basada en 5 elementos: la implementación de políticas de inclusión y control, la capacitación de las jóvenes en oficios no tradicionales, promoción de cambios de patrones tradicionales en los hogares, políticas de combate a la pobreza con enfoque de género para un desarrollo social sustentable. Palabras clave: género, equidad, salario, estrategias, socioeconómicas, gestión.

scholarly journals The Burden of a Remote Trial in a Nursing Home Setting: Qualitative Study (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susie Donnelly ◽  
Brenda Reginatto ◽  
Oisin Kearns ◽  
Marie Mc Carthy ◽  
Bill Byrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Research Engagement ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Nursing Home Setting

BACKGROUND Despite an aging population, older adults are typically underrecruited in clinical trials, often because of the perceived burden associated with participation, particularly travel associated with clinic visits. Conducting a clinical trial remotely presents an opportunity to leverage mobile and wearable technologies to bring the research to the patient. However, the burden associated with shifting clinical research to a remote site requires exploration. While a remote trial may reduce patient burden, the extent to which this shifts burden on the other stakeholders needs to be investigated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the burden associated with a remote trial in a nursing home setting on both staff and residents. METHODS Using results from a grounded analysis of qualitative data, this study explored and characterized the burden associated with a remote trial conducted in a nursing home in Dublin, Ireland. A total of 11 residents were recruited to participate in this trial (mean age: 80 years; age range: 67-93 years). To support research activities, we also recruited 10 nursing home staff members, including health care assistants, an activities co-ordinator, and senior nurses. This study captured the lived experience of this remote trial among staff and residents and explored the burden associated with participation. At the end of the trial, a total of 6 residents and 8 members of staff participated in semistructured interviews (n=14). They reviewed clinical data generated by mobile and wearable devices and reflected upon their trial-related experiences. RESULTS Staff reported extensive burden in fulfilling their roles and responsibilities to support activities of the trial. Among staff, we found eight key characteristics of burden: (1) comprehension, (2) time, (3) communication, (4) emotional load, (5) cognitive load, (6) research engagement, (7) logistical burden, and (8) product accountability. Residents reported comparatively less burden. Among residents, we found only four key characteristics of burden: (1) comprehension, (2) adherence, (3) emotional load, and (4) personal space. CONCLUSIONS A remote trial in a nursing home setting can minimize the burden on residents and enable inclusive participation. However, it arguably creates additional burden on staff, particularly where they have a role to play in locally supporting and maintaining technology as part of data collection. Future research should examine how to measure and minimize the burden associated with data collection in remote trials.

Research in the gap between the obvious and the improbable

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-318
Author(s):  
Robin Wensley
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Academic Administration ◽  
Academic History ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Research Activities

Purpose In considering my academic history as a professor both in marketing and management, I hope to demonstrate that it is possible to research challenging and interesting topics in a variety of guises. Design/methodology/approach The presentation is primarily chronological but also, to some degree, selective. I have focused on my research activities but not forgotten the importance, at least to me, of both academic administration and indeed a broader set of interests in more general terms. Findings While there is inevitably a significant degree of path dependency in my academic career, I have also been quite keen to explore more broadly both the boundaries of my subjects and the application of various different research methods. I have been particularly fortunate to have worked with some excellent academic colleagues and stimulating doctoral students. Research limitations/implications I believe there are a twin set of implications for other academics; however, I would emphasise that there is no single right way. For me it has been important to pick topics which are of interest to others and at the same time try and demonstrate some distinctive value added in my approach. Originality/value I hope that those who are earlier in their career will take heart from two principles, one being to do one’s best to be in interesting places and the other to work closely with colleagues who have challenging and different perspectives.

scholarly journals Gender stereotype and the scientific career of women: Evidence from biomedical research centers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose G. Montalvo ◽  
Daniele Alimonti ◽  
Sonja Reiland ◽  
Isabelle Vernos
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Research Centers ◽  
Scientific Career ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level ◽  
Science Association

AbstractWomen are underrepresented in the top ranks of the scientific career, including the biomedical disciplines. This is not generally the result of explicit and easily recognizable gender biases but the outcome of decisions with many components of unconscious nature that are difficult to assess. Evidence suggests that implicit gender stereotypes influence perceptions as well as decisions. To explore these potential reasons of women’s underrepresentation in life sciences we analyzed the outcome of gender-science and gender-career Implicit Association Tests (IAT) taken by 2,589 scientists working in high profile biomedical research centers. We found that male-science association is less pronounced among researchers than in the general population (34% below the level of the general population). However, this difference is mostly explained by the low level of the IAT score among female researchers. Despite the highly meritocratic view of the academic career, male scientists have a high level of male-science association (261% the level among women scientists), similar to the general population.

scholarly journals Intellectual contributions meriting authorship: Survey results from the top cited authors across all science categories

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory S. Patience ◽  
Federico Galli ◽  
Paul A. Patience ◽  
Daria C. Boffito
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Far East ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
International Collaborations ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Level Of Experience

AbstractAuthorship is the currency of an academic career for which the number of papers researchers publish demonstrates creativity, productivity, and impact. To discourage coercive authorship practices and inflated publication records, journals require authors to affirm and detail their intellectual contributions but this strategy has been unsuccessful as authorship lists continue to grow. Here, we surveyed close to 6000 of the top cited authors in all science categories with a list of 25 research activities that we adapted from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) authorship guidelines. Responses varied widely from individuals in the same discipline, same level of experience, and the same geographic region. Most researchers agreed with the NIH criteria and grant authorship to individuals that draft the manuscript, analyze and interpret data, and propose ideas. However, thousands of the researchers also value supervision and contributing comments to the manuscript whereas the NIH recommends discounting these activities when attributing authorship. People value the minutiae of research beyond writing and data reduction: researchers in the humanities value it less than those in pure and applied sciences; individuals from Far East Asia and Middle East and Northern Africa value these activities more than anglophones and northern Europeans. While developing national and international collaborations, researchers must recognize differences in peoples values while assigning authorship.

scholarly journals ACCOUNTABILITY REQUIREMENTS, AUDITING PERFORMANCE AND GENDER

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Heince R. N. Wokas ◽  
David P.E. Saerang ◽  
Jantje J Tinangon ◽  
Ivonne S Saerang
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Internal Auditors ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Work Pressure ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Pls Modeling ◽  
And Gender

The purpose of this study is to identify the different types of accountability requirements and to determine whether the workload and pressure of accountability requirements affect the auditing performance of the internal auditors' Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus (or called APIP) the Regional Government Inspectorate in North Sulawesi, Indonesia both women and men, with Partial Least Squares (PLS) modeling as an analysis tool used in analyzing and interpreting the data. The results of the study using quantitative analysis showed that the auditing performance of the APIP in North Sulawesi was partly influenced by the negative perceptions of work context in the form of workload and work pressure. The auditing performance is not affected by the dimensions of accountability requirements, work pressure affects the auditing performance, and so does the gender that does not affect the auditing performance.

scholarly journals A qualitative study exploring experiences and challenges of combining clinical academic training with family life

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Trusson ◽  
Emma Rowley
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Allied Health ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Allied Health Professionals ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
East Midlands

Abstract Background Concerns are being expressed around the lack of diversity at higher levels of clinical academia. This study aimed to explore experiences and challenges associated with combining clinical academic careers with family life. Methods Qualitative data were gathered from participants from 4 NHS Trusts and 2 universities in the East Midlands of England using online surveys and semi-structured interviews. Results The survey was completed by 67 nurses, midwives and allied health professionals, and 73 medical clinical academic trainees. Interviews were conducted with 16 participants from each group including equal numbers of men and women. Caring responsibilities differed between the two study populations. Medical clinical academic trainees were younger and either had young children or were yet to start a family. In contrast, nurses, midwives and allied health professionals tended to be older when they embarked on a clinical academic career and often waited until their children were school-age or older. Similar concerns were raised regarding working part-time and childcare, and how their career prospects might be affected in terms of fulfilling promotion criteria and being able to relocate for work purposes. The occupation of their partners also featured in participants’ experiences; those who shared childcare with someone who worked ‘regular’ hours, appeared to be better supported to combine a clinical academic career with family life. Gender stereotyping was identified in some reported experiences highlighting a need for appropriate mentorship and for positive role models who were able to demonstrate that it is possible to survive and thrive as a clinical academic with family responsibilities. Conclusions Although people manage to find ways to successfully combine clinical academic roles with family life, findings highlight a need to identify ways of supporting and encouraging trainees with caring responsibilities to ensure that they remain on the clinical academic pathway.

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