scholarly journals Venous and arterial cerebral thrombosis: a COVID-19 dual pathology and single possible etiology—a case report

Author(s):  
Tamer Roushdy ◽  
Nouran K. Sharaf

Abstract Background Corona virus disease of the year 2019 (COVID-19) is still devastating the world for more than 19 months since its declaration as a pandemic by world health organization. Its manifestations does not stand at respiratory system but involves other body systems including central nervous system and its vasculature. In the following case report, cerebral venous and arterial thrombosis is detected in a case just in convalescence from COVID-19 with still detected positive IgM. Case presentation A 68-year-old female presenting with disturbed conscious level, bilateral convergent squint, single attack of generalized seizures, left sided dense weakness within a short time from catching COVID-19 and while still in quarantine hospital in recovery phase from infection. Magnetic resonance studies revealed bilateral cortical border zone infarcts as well as left lateral dural sinus and deep venous thrombosis. Conclusion Along the forth wave, COVID-19 is still hitting hardly the central nervous system vasculature.

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Sanghyeon Kim ◽  
Myongjin Kang ◽  
Sunseob Choi ◽  
Dae Cheol Kim

Pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA) is a rare central nervous system tumor that has been included in the 2007 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. Due to its more aggressive behavior, PMA is classified as Grade II neoplasm by the World Health Organization. PMA predominantly affects the hypothalamic/chiasmatic region and occurs in children (mean age of occurrence = 10 months). We report a case of a 24-year-old man who presented with headache, nausea, and vomiting. Brain CT and MRI revealed a mass occupying only the third ventricle. We performed partial resection. Histological findings, including monophasic growth with a myxoid background, and absence of Rosenthal fibers or eosinophilic granular bodies, as well as the strong positivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein were consistent with PMA.


2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (11-12) ◽  
pp. e187-e200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Villa ◽  
Catherine Miquel ◽  
Dominic Mosses ◽  
Michèle Bernier ◽  
Anna Luisa Di Stefano

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-232
Author(s):  
Ludmila Barbosa de Souza Balsimelli ◽  
Jamille Costa de Oliveira ◽  
Flora Ávila Adorno ◽  
Clarissa Almeida Brites ◽  
Giuliano Stefanello Bublitz ◽  
...  

Objective: Intraoperative examination is a highly valuable tool for the evaluation of central nervous system (CNS) lesions, helping the neurosurgeon to determine the best surgical management. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and to analyze the diagnostic disagreements and pitfalls of the intraoperative examinations through correlation with the final histopathological diagnosis in CNS lesions. Study Design: Retrospective analysis of intraoperative examination of CNS lesions and their final diagnosis obtained during 16 consecutive years. All diagnoses were reviewed and classified according to World Health Organization (WHO) grading for CNS tumors. Squash was performed in 119 cases, while frozen section and both methods were done in 7 cases each. Results: Among the 133 intraoperative examinations considered, 114 (85.7%) presented concordance and 19 (14.3%) diagnostic disagreement when compared with subsequent histopathological examinations. The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of neoplasia in intraoperative examination was 98 and 94%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 99 and 88%, respectively. The accuracy for neoplastic and nonneoplastic disease was 85.7%. Disagreements were more frequent among low-grade (WHO grades I and II) neoplasms and nonmalignant cases. Conclusions: Our results showed good accuracy of the intraoperative assessments for diagnosis of CNS lesions, particularly in high-grade (grades III and IV) lesions and metastatic neoplasms.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1A) ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
Ferdian Yanuar ◽  
Hera Dwi Novita ◽  
Herwindo Dicky

Latar Belakang : COVID-19 merupakan masalah kesehatan yang dinyatakan sebagai pandemi oleh WHO. Beberapa penelitian melaporkan tentang hubungan SARS-CoV-2 dengan kelainan pada mata. Pada era pandemi, pengelolaan pasien sakit mata harus hati-hati untuk mencegah penularan petugas medis. Laporan kasus ini menyajikan pengelolaan perforasi kornea pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19. Metode : Diagnosis ditegakkan berdasarkan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik dan oftalmologi dengan pemeriksaan penunjang lainnya. Laporan Kasus : Perempuan berusia 54 tahun dirujuk dengan keluhan keluar darah pada mata kiri sejak 17 jam sebelum sampai RS. Keluhan batuk atau demam 14 hari sebelumnya disangkal. Pada pemeriksaan oftalmologi didapatkan perforasi kornea mata kiri disertai prolaps isi bola mata (iris, vitreus dan choroid). Pada pemeriksaan penunjang didapatkan foto rontgen thorax normal, rapid test covid-19 reaktif dan hasil positif pada PCR dari swab nasofaring. Seluruh staf medis menggunakan alat pelindung diri (APD) tingkat tiga dalam melakukan pemeriksaan fisik maupun penunjang. Dari hasil anamnesis pemeriksaan fisik dan penunjang, pasien didiagnosis dengan perforasi kornea spontan mata kiri dan terkonfirmasi COVID-19. Pasien direncanakan untuk eviserasi mata kiri dengan anestesi umum dan saat tindakan operator dan seluruh staf ruang operasi menggunakan alat pelindung diri (APD) tingkat tiga. Setelah operasi dilakukan, pasien kemudian dirawat di ruang isolasi khusus COVID-19. Swab nasofaring dilakukan ulang sehari setelah operasi dan keesokan harinya. Dua hari setelah operasi, pasien dipulangkan dan isolasi mandiri di rumah Kesimpulan: Laporan kasus ini menunjukkan manajemen perforasi kornea pada pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19 yang dilakukan sesuai alur khusus termasuk pada pemeriksaan fisik dan penunjang, penegakkan diagnosis oftalmologi dan COVID-19, prosedur pembedahan dan perawatan pasca operasi. Kata Kunci : SARS-CoV-2, Perforasi Kornea, APD, PCR, Eviscerasi   Introduction: Corona-Virus-Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an important health problem that was defined as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). There are few reports on the association of SARS-CoV-2 with ocular abnormalities. In the pandemic era, management of ocular patients should be more careful to prevent transmission to medical staff. This report presenting the management of corneal perforation in confirmed COVID-19 patients. Method: The diagnosis was established based on history taking, physical and ophthalmology examination with other ancillary tests. Case Report : 54-year-old female patient referred with complaints of left eye bleeding since 17 hours ago. This patient never complaint about cough or fever 14 days before admission. From the ancillary test (complete blood count and chest x-ray are within normal limit, reactive rapid test for COVID-19, positive result of PCR nasopharynx).  The patient was diagnosed with spontaneous corneal perforation on the left eye with COVID-19 confirmed. The evisceration procedure with general anesthesia was performed with exceptional precaution. Operator and all operating room staff wear the 3rd level of personal protective equipment (PPE). The surgery was successfully done and the patient then hospitalized in the COVID-19 isolated room. Nasopharynx swab performs the day after surgery and the next day after the first swab. Two days after surgery, the patient was discharged and followed by a self-isolation procedure. Conclusion: This case report presenting corneal perforation management in confirmed COVID-19 patients should be performed under a firm scheme including physical and ophthalmological examinations, ophthalmology and COVID-19 diagnosis enforcement, ancillary test, surgery procedure, post-operative care and also PPE utilization. Keyword : SARS-CoV-2, Corneal Perforation, 3rd level PPE, PCR, Evisceration


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