scholarly journals Attenuation of negative effects of saline stress in wheat plant by chitosan and calcium carbonate

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervat Sh. Sadak ◽  
Iman M. Talaat
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wheat Grains

Abstract Background Chitosan and Ca+ are natural signal molecules that can be used in agriculture as biostimulants and elicitors. They enhance different physiological responses and mitigate the negative effects of salinity. So, this investigation was done to study the effect of soaking wheat grains in chitosan and CaCO3 (20 and 40 mg/L) on alleviating the adverse effect of salinity stress (0.0 and 5000 mg/L) on growth, some biochemical and physiological and yields of wheat plant. Results Shoot length (cm), leaves no/tiller, shoot dry weight (g), root fresh weight (g) and root dry weight (g) were significantly decreased as a result of salt stress. Soaking wheat grains in Chitosan or CaCO3 significantly promoted plant growth under normal and stressed conditions. Irrigation of wheat plants with saline water significantly decreased photosynthetic pigments (Chlo-a, Chlo-b, carotenoids and total pigments) in addition to Chlo-a/Chlo-b ratio, indole acetic acid content in the plant leaves. Meanwhile, saline water significantly increased phenolics, total soluble sugars (TSS) and proline content. H2O2 and lipid peroxidation expressed by malondialdehyde (MDA) content clearly showed significant increases under salinity stress compared with untreated control. Soaking wheat grains in chitosan or CaCO3 before sawing significantly increased the accumulation of H2O2 and MDA in the leaves of wheat plants. Treatment of wheat grains with chitosan or CaCO3 significantly promoted the activity of various antioxidant enzymes (SOD and POX) as compared to the control. CAT activity was significantly decreased as a result of chitosan or CaCO3 treatments. The highest CAT activity was recorded in plants irrigated with 5000 mg/L saline water followed by control plants which recoded 36.40 and 24.82 U/min/g FW, respectively. On the other hand, irrigation of wheat plants with 5000 mg/L saline water significantly decreased spike length (cm), spikelets no/spike, grains wt/plant (g), 1000-grains wt (g), yield and biomass/plant (g) as well as, carbohydrate % and protein % compared with the control. However, treating wheat plants either with Chitosan or calcium carbonate resulted in obvious significant increases in carbohydrates and protein contents, especially in plants treated with 40 mg/L chitosan followed by 40 mg/L calcium carbonate. Soaking wheat grains in chitosan, especially at 40 mg/L, exhibited the strongest scavenging potential (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate assay (DPPH%) followed by treatment with 40 mg/L CaCO3. Conclusion In conclusion, the used treatment enhanced the protective parameters such as antioxidant enzymes, total phenols and free radical scavengers and consequently helped the plants to decrease lipid peroxidation, increased their tolerance and improved yield and spike quality. Application of 40 mg/L chitosan recorded the highest increment in the scavenging ability of the natural antioxidants of the plant extract toward the stable free radical DPPH.

scholarly journals Effect Of Priming Of Seeds Of Medicago Sativa ‘Bami’ With Gibberellic Acid On Germination, Seedlings Growth And Antioxidant Enzymes Activity Under Salinity Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Younesi ◽  
Ali Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Enzymes Activity ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Glutathione Reductase Activity

AbstractThe experiment was conducted in order to study effects of seeds priming with gibberellic acid (GA3) at 0, 3, 5 and 8 mM on germination, growth and antioxidant enzymes activity in alfalfa seedlings under salinity stress (200 mM NaCl). All control seeds germinated. The rate of germinated seeds was reduced to 48% in the presence of NaCl, and increased to 76% after seeds priming with 5 mM GA3. Priming with 5 mM GA3 was also correlated with an increase of dry weight of seedlings derived from both stressed and non-stressed seeds as well as with the reduction of electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in salt stressed seedlings. The activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase in primed and non-primed seeds increased in the presence of NaCl and after priming of seeds with 5 mM GA3, whereas only small effect on glutathione reductase activity in both primed and non-primed seeds was observed. The total ascorbate level was higher in both stressed and non-stressed seedlings from primed seeds. These results suggest that GA3 priming might increase the salt tolerance of alfalfa seedlings through enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and reducing the membrane damage as estimated using biomarkers, EL index and MDA content.

scholarly journals Alleloppathic effects and insecticidal activity of the aqueous extract of Satureja montana L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Sucur ◽  
Aleksandra Popovic ◽  
Milos Petrovic ◽  
Goran Anackov ◽  
Vojislava Bursic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Natural Pesticides ◽  
Satureja Montana

Extensive use of synthetic insecticides, herbicides and other pesticides has negative effects on the environment and on human and animal health. Therefore scientists are turning towards natural pesticides such as active components of plant extracts. Effect of two concentrations (0.1% and 0.2%) of Satureja montana L. aqueous extract on lipid peroxidation process, as well as the activity of the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPX, PPX and CAT) in leaves and roots of pepper and black nightshade seedlings were examined 24, 72 and 120h after the treatment. Our results showed that higher concentration of S. montana aqueous extract induced lipid peroxidation in black nightshade roots. Furthermore, significant increases of pyrogallol and guaiacol peroxidase were detected in black nightshade leaves treated with 0.2% S. montana aqueous extract. The second aim was to evaluate effectiveness of aqueous extract as contact toxicant against whitefly. It was observed that aqueous extract with concentration of 0.2% showed toxic effect with 68.33% mortality after 96h.

scholarly journals Relationship of Salinity Tolerance to Na+ Exclusion, Proline Accumulation, and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Rice Seedlings

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Abdelaziz ◽  
Tran Xuan ◽  
Ahmad Mekawy ◽  
Hongliang Wang ◽  
Tran Khanh
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Staple Crop ◽  
Relationship Of

Rice is a staple crop for over 50% of the world’s population, but its sensitivity to salinity poses a threat to meeting the worldwide demand. This study investigated the correlation of salinity tolerance to Na+ exclusion, proline accumulation, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in some rice cultivars originating from Egypt. Giza 182 was shown to be the most tolerant of the five cultivars, as judged by visual symptoms of salt injury, growth parameters, and patterns of Na+ accumulation, while Sakha 105 appeared to be highly susceptible. In detail, Giza 182 accumulated the lowest Na+ concentration and maintained a much lower Na+/K+ ratio in all plant organs in comparison to Sakha 105. The salinity-tolerant varieties had higher accumulation of proline than the salinity-susceptible cultivars. The salinity-tolerant Giza 182 accumulated a higher concentration of proline, but the lipid peroxidation (MDA) level was significantly reduced compared to in the salinity-susceptible Sakha 105. In addition, Giza 182 had stronger activity of both catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) compared to Sakha 105. The findings of this study reveal that the salinity tolerance in rice is primarily attributable to Na+ exclusion, the accumulation of proline in rice organs, a low Na+/K+ ratio, and a low level of lipid peroxidation. The levels of the antioxidant enzymes CAT and APX and the accumulation of proline may play important roles in salinity tolerance in rice. However, the comparative involvement of individual antioxidant enzymes in salinity stress in rice should be further investigated. Giza 182 has the potential to be cultivated in salinity-affected areas, although the effects of salinity stress on its grain yield and quality should be evaluated during the full crop cycle.

scholarly journals Interactive Short-term Effects of Waterlogging and Salinity Stress on Growth and Carbohydrate, Lipid Peroxidation, and Nutrients in Two Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiujie Yin ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Xin Song ◽  
Yiwei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

Waterlogging can occur in salt-affected turfgrass sites. The objective of this study was to characterize growth and carbohydrate, lipid peroxidation, and nutrient levels in the leaves and roots of two perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) cultivars (Catalina and Inspire) to short-term simultaneous waterlogging and salinity stress. Previous research showed that ‘Catalina’ was relatively more tolerant to salinity but less tolerant to submergence than ‘Inspire’. Both cultivars were subjected to 3 and 7 days of waterlogging (W), salinity [S (300 mm NaCl)], and a combination of the two stresses (WS). Across the two cultivars, W alone had little effect on the plants, while both S and WS alone significantly decreased plant height (HT), leaf fresh weight (LFW), leaf dry weight (LDW), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), leaf nitrogen (LN) and carbon (LC), and leaf and root K+ (RK+), and increased leaf water-soluble carbohydrate (LWSC) and root water-soluble carbohydrate (RWSC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and Na+ content, compared with the control. A decline in chlorophyll content (Chl) was found only at 7 days of WS. Leaf phosphorus (LP) content either decreased or remained unchanged but root phosphorus content increased under S and WS. Reductions in LFW and LDW were found at 3 days of S and WS, whereas RFW and RDW were unaffected until 7 days of S or WS. Both cultivars responded similarly to W, S, and WS with a few exceptions on RDW, LWSC, leaf MDA (LMDA), and root MDA (RMDA). Although WS caused declines in Chl and resulted in higher leaf Na+ (LNa+) and root Na+ (RNa+) than S at 7 days of treatment, S and WS had similar effects on growth, carbohydrate, MDA, N, C, and phosphorus, and K+ content across the two cultivars. The results suggested that S alone largely accounted for the negative effects of WS on plant growth and physiology including alteration of carbohydrate and nutrient content as well as induction of lipid peroxidation.

Influence of Polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum Fruits on Exercise Tolerance and Free Radical Metabolism in Liver of Mice after Exhaustive Exercise

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 307-310
Author(s):  
Lin Min Cai ◽  
Bei Bei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Free Radical Metabolism

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of polysaccharides fromLycium barbarumfruits (LBP) on free radical metabolism of mice after exhaustive swimming exercise. The results showed that LBP supplementation could alleviate fatigue and enhanced the exercise tolerance. Furthermore, LBP supplementation effectively attenuates the exhaustive exercise-induced increased lipid peroxidation and elevates antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) activities. LBP may have therapeutic role in preventing liver tissue damage during exhaustive exercise.

Alteration of antioxidant enzymes with aging in rat skeletal muscle and liver

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (4) ◽  
pp. R918-R923 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Ji ◽  
D. Dillon ◽  
E. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Oxygen Free Radical ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Aged Rats

Maximal activities of antioxidant enzymes involved in oxygen free radical metabolism in skeletal muscle and liver were investigated in 4-, 26-, and 31-mo-old male Wistar-Furth rat at rest and after a single bout of treadmill exercise. In skeletal muscle, cytosolic (Cu-Zn) and mitochondrial (Mn) superoxide dismutase (SOD) specific activities were significantly higher in the aged rats and at 31 mo reached 135 and 218%, respectively, of those at 4 mo. Resting catalase activity was doubled at 31 mo compared with that at 4 mo. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity increased twofold in muscle cytosol and by 47% in mitochondria of aged rats. Glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) activities in muscle were also significantly elevated. Hepatic antioxidant enzymes were altered differentially with aging. Cytosolic SOD and GST activities were decreased, whereas mitochondrial GPX, GR, and G-6-PDH activities were increased. Lipid peroxidation was greater in skeletal muscle homogenate and mitochondria but lower in liver homogenate in the aged rats. An acute exercise bout had little effect on muscle or liver antioxidant enzymes regardless of the animal's age. It is concluded that aging is accompanied with an elevation of antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in skeletal muscle probably due to the increased oxygen free radical production and reaction.

scholarly journals Antioxidant system of rats with heavy metals and phospoorganic pesticides intoxication and peptides applying

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye. B. Dmukhalska ◽  
Ya. I. Honsky
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
The State ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Free Radical Processes ◽  
Radical Processes

<p>The effect of peptide tsysteil-histidil-tyrosil-histidil-isoleucine on the state of antioxidant protection (superoxide<br />dismutase, catalase) and lipid peroxidation has been reached. The peptide exhibits antioxidant activity, the correction<br />of the peptide reduces free radical processes and decreases the products of lipid peroxidation and increases<br />antioxidant enzymes activity.</p>

scholarly journals Response of Different Cultivars of Wheat Plants (Triticum aestivum L.) to Inoculation by Azotobacter sp. under Salinity Stress Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-79
Author(s):  
Sahar El-Nahrawy ◽  
Mohamed Yassin
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Pgpr Traits ◽  
Different Levels

Salinity is one of the key restraints to agricultural productivity worldwide and is expected to increase further. Therefore, cope with this problem we should be develop strategies to enhance salinity tolerance in different crops. One of these modern strategies is to use plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) which can help plants to withstand under harsh environmental conditions. The present study was evaluated six isolates of Azotobacter sp. (Az1-Az6) which tested in vitro for growth, PGPR traits such as indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) production and nitrogen fixation, germination indicators for different wheat cultivars i.e. Misr 1, Gemmiza 12 and Sakha 95 under different levels of NaCl. Also, the efficacy of inoculation with two superior isolates in different wheat cultivars in a Gnotobiotic Sand System and greenhouse experiment for improving growth dynamics, physiological attributes, nutrient uptake and antioxidant enzymes under different levels salinity of sandy soil (0, 4, 8 and 12 dS m-1). Out of 6 isolates, two isolates (Az2 and Az6) could show salinity tolerance and exhibited PGPR traits as well as improvement germination tests. Both the bacteria could promote growth in 3 cultivars of wheat tested in terms of increase in fresh weight, dry weight, root and shoot length as well as root colonization compared to uninoculated control under Gnotobiotic Sand System experiment.  Under greenhouse experiment conditions, inoculation treatment with Az6 showed a significant increase of vegetative growth, physiological and biochemical parameters of different wheat cultivars under different salinity stress treatments. Also, Az6 treatment recorded the highest N% from wheat plants attained 2.64, 2.51 and 2.43% at 4 dS m-1 for Misr1, Sakha 95 and Gemmiza 12 cultivars, respectively but the highest K+, K+/Na+% and the lowest Na+% were obtained from plants that grown in soil salinized with 8 and 12 dS m-1. The same trend was observed for antioxidant enzymes. Thus, inoculation with Azotobacter isolates Az2 and Az6 could be efficiently used to partially or completely eliminate the effects of salt stress on growth of different wheat cultivars.

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