scholarly journals Performance of distinct microbial based solutions in a Campylobacter infection challenge model in poultry

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxine Ty ◽  
Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz ◽  
Vanessa Demey ◽  
Mathieu Castex ◽  
Shayan Sharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Chicken Gut Microbiota ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Campylobacter Infection

Abstract Background Antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) are commonly used within poultry production to improve feed conversion, bird growth, and reduce morbidity and mortality from clinical and subclinical diseases. Due to the association between AGP usage and rising antimicrobial resistance, the industry has explored new strategies including the use of probiotics and other microbial-based interventions to promote the development of a healthy microbiome in birds and mitigate against infections associated with food safety and food security. While previous studies have largely focused on the ability of probiotics to protect against Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella enterica, much less is known concerning their impact on Campylobacter jejuni, a near commensal of the chicken gut microbiome that nevertheless is a major cause of food poisoning in humans. Results Here we compare the efficacy of four microbial interventions (two single strain probiotics, the bacterium—Pediococcus acidilactici, and the yeast—Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii; and two complex, competitive exclusion, consortia—Aviguard and CEL) to bacitracin, a commonly used AGP, to modulate chicken gut microbiota and subsequently impact C. jejuni infection in poultry. Cecal samples were harvested at 30- and 39-days post hatch to assess Campylobacter burden and examine their impact on the gut microbiota. While the different treatments did not significantly decrease C. jejuni burden relative to the untreated controls, both complex consortia resulted in significant decreases relative to treatment with bacitracin. Analysis of 16S rDNA profiles revealed a distinct microbial signature associated with each microbial intervention. For example, treatment with Aviguard and CEL increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidaceae and Rikenellaceae respectively. Furthermore, Aviguard promoted a less complex microbial community compared to other treatments. Conclusions Depending upon the individual needs of the producer, our results illustrate the potential of each microbial interventions to serve flock-specific requirements.

Persistence of passive immunity against some important viral diseases and feed conversion in chickens fed diet supplemented with probiotic

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
E. B. Oluwayinka ◽  
O. O. Oni ◽  
N. A. Biobaku ◽  
O. Y. Kadri ◽  
E. O. Omoshaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters

The ban of antibiotic growth promoters due to increased bacterial resistance and drug residues in poultry production, together with consumer's demand for “natural” products, have encouraged increase in the use of alternative growth promoters like probiotics. This study evaluated the effects of probiotic supplemented diet on the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and passive immunity against Newcastle disease (ND) and Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) in chickens. Forty, one day-old broiler chicks were randomly selected into two groups: No probiotic and probiotic fed groups. The weight gained and FCR were monitored while blood samples for serum were collected from five birds per group weekly, for four weeks. Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and passive HI tests were conducted to evaluate the levels of passive immunity (maternally derived antibody) in the different groups. There was a significant improvement in weight gain and FCR of birds fed the probiotics. Maternally derived antibody (MDA) against ND and IBD in the chicks were high at week 1. There was a delay in the decay of MDA against ND and IBD in the probiotic fed groups although MDA levels against both diseases were almost the same at week 3 in both probiotic fed and no probiotic groups. It could be concluded that probiotics can facilitate increased body weight, FCR and persistent passive immunity in chickens.

scholarly journals Pretreatment with probiotics ameliorate gut health and necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens, a substitute to antibiotics

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danish Sharafat Rajput ◽  
Dong Zeng ◽  
Abdul Khalique ◽  
Samia Sharafat Rajput ◽  
Hesong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Microbial Strains

AbstractNecrotic enteritis (NE) is being considered as one of the most important intestinal diseases in the recent poultry production systems, which causes huge economic losses globally. NE is caused by Clostridium perfringens, a pathogenic bacterium, and normal resident of the intestinal microflora of healthy broiler chickens. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broiler chicken is considered as the most integral part of pathogen’s entrance, their production and disease prevention. Interaction between C. perfringens and other pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella present in the small intestine may contribute to the development of NE in broiler chickens. The antibiotic therapy was used to treat the NE; however European Union has imposed a strict ban due to the negative implications of drug resistance. Moreover, antibiotic growth promoters cause adverse effects on human health as results of withdrawal of antibiotic residues in the chicken meat. After restriction on use of antibiotics, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the alternatives to antibiotics for controlling NE. Thus, possible alternatives to prevent NE are bio-therapeutic agents (Probiotics), prebiotics, organic acids and essential oils which help in nutrients digestion, immunity enhancement and overall broiler performance. Recently, probiotics are extensively used alternatives to antibiotics for improving host health status and making them efficient in production. The aim of review is to describe a replacement to antibiotics by using different microbial strains as probiotics such as bacteria and yeasts etc. having bacteriostatic properties which inhibit growth of pathogens and neutralize the toxins by different modes of action.

scholarly journals A direct fed microbial containing a combination of three-strain Bacillus sp. can be used as an alternative to feed antibiotic growth promoters in broiler production

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueming Dersjant-Li ◽  
A. Awati ◽  
C. Kromm ◽  
C. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Strain Combination ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters

SummaryThe objective of the study was to test the effect of a direct fed microbial (DFM) on the performance of broilers compared to an antibiotic growth promoter under large scale, commercial production settings. Three dietary treatments were tested in a completely randomized design including: 1) a control (C) diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase and a mixture of xylanase, amylase, protease ; 2) C+ a specific three-strain combination of Bacillus spp. (DFM) and 3) C+ bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD). Six, similar commercial broiler houses (15,300 birds per house) were used to give two replicate houses per treatment. The birds (Hubbard x Cobb500) were fed pelleted and crumbled diets ad libitum throughout the 44 day trial period. Due to the large scale, commercial nature of the trial, no significant differences were observed in production parameters among treatments, except that DFM treatment resulted in significantly lower mortality numbers in the last two days (43 to 44d) compared to the control. However, the DFM treatment group showed numerically higher live bodyweight, lower feed conversion ratio (corrected for body weight and mortality) and lower total mortality weight compared to either the control or BMD groups, resulting in an improved production efficiency factor. When compared to control, using DFM resulted in a gross benefit of US$ 0.06 /bird, while using BMD was not cost effective. In conclusion, DFM containing a three-strain combination of Bacillus spp. may be used as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters, resulting in economic benefit under commercial production settings in broilers fed commercial diets.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Bacillus: Metabolites and Their Mode of Action

Antibiotics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Charlie Tran ◽  
Ian E. Cock ◽  
Xiaojing Chen ◽  
Yunjiang Feng
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Harsh Conditions ◽  
Spore Forming Bacteria ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

The agricultural industry utilizes antibiotic growth promoters to promote livestock growth and health. However, the World Health Organization has raised concerns over the ongoing spread of antibiotic resistance transmission in the populace, leading to its subsequent ban in several countries, especially in the European Union. These restrictions have translated into an increase in pathogenic outbreaks in the agricultural industry, highlighting the need for an economically viable, non-toxic, and renewable alternative to antibiotics in livestock. Probiotics inhibit pathogen growth, promote a beneficial microbiota, regulate the immune response of its host, enhance feed conversion to nutrients, and form biofilms that block further infection. Commonly used lactic acid bacteria probiotics are vulnerable to the harsh conditions of the upper gastrointestinal system, leading to novel research using spore-forming bacteria from the genus Bacillus. However, the exact mechanisms behind Bacillus probiotics remain unexplored. This review tackles this issue, by reporting antimicrobial compounds produced from Bacillus strains, their proposed mechanisms of action, and any gaps in the mechanism studies of these compounds. Lastly, this paper explores omics approaches to clarify the mechanisms behind Bacillus probiotics.

scholarly journals Turmeric (Curcuma Longa): An Underutilized Phytogenic Additive in Poultry Nutrition

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olumuyiwa Joseph Olarotimi
Keyword(s):  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Available Information

The aim of this review paper is to explore the available information from research findings on the use of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) as a reliable phytogenic antibiotic for poultry production in the tropics especially in Nigeria and other countries. A wide range of phytogenic additives has found a growing interest in fortification of poultry diets. Supplementation of natural alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in order to maintain both birds’ performance and health in the tropics will be a welcome development. Turmeric has reportedly been widely supplemented in poultry diets as natural alternative antibiotics in several studies with outstanding performances. The nutritional, medicinal, haematological and phyto-toxicological effects of turmeric were reviewed in this paper. Hence, turmeric supplementation at recommended inclusion rate in poultry feeds without posing any deleterious effects to the birds’ performances as well as the consumers of the products, and ultimately, leading to better profitability on the part of the farmers, will be a nutritional breakthrough for the farmers in the tropics.

Performance, blood parameters and economic indices of broiler chickens fed graded levels of chestnut (Castenea sativa) phytobiotics as replacement for antibiotics growth promoters

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
N. G. Dialoke ◽  
P. A. Onimisi ◽  
M. Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Economic Indices

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the performance, serum, lipid, haematology and economic indices of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with different levels of Chestnut (Castenea sativa) phytobiotic as a replacement for antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs). A total of 300, oneday-old cobb 500 broiler chicks were allotted in a completely randomized design to five dietary treatments each replicated thrice, with 20 chicks per replicate. Chestnutphytobiotics was included at 0, 100, 125 and 150g/100 Kg diet while Oxytetracycline was included at 111g/100kg diet. Data was collected on growth performance, haematology, serum biochemical parameters, lipid profiles and economic indices. All data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and significant differences among treatment means were compared using the Duncan's Multiple Range Test of significance. At the end of the starterphase, result showed that chicks placed on 100g phytobiotics diet had significantly (P<0.05) high final weight and weight gain than other supplemented diets and control. There was significant (P<0.05) differences in the feed conversion ratio. Feed cost per kilogram gain was significantly lower in chicks fed control diet, followed by phytobiotics, however higher feed cost per kilogram gain was recorded for chicks fed diet containing Oxytetracycline. Weight gain was significantly (P < 0.05) higher on oxytetracycline based diet (1783.2g) for finisher phase however, there was an improved values for chicks placed on phytobiotics. Glucose (206.51mg/dL) was significantly higher in treatment diet that contained oxytetracycline. Haematological indices showed that values for white blood cell (91.90x103/μL) and Heterophils (20.63%) were significantly higher in diets containing oxytetracycline than other treatment groups. Values for red blood cell, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils were significantly (P<0.05) higher in broiler chickens fed diets containing 100g phytobiotics . Chestnut phytobiotics reduced the total cholesterol values from 151.13 - 96.55mg/dL when compared to other treatment groups. There were significant(P<0.05) differences in all the villi morphometry parameters measured except for crypt depth. The mean yield cost decreased as the level of phytobiotics increased. In conclusion, supplementation of Chestnut phytobiotics reduced total cholesterol and significantly improved the final weight, weight gain, feed cost per Kg gain and feed conversion ratio for both starter and finisher at 100g/100Kg. Chestnut phytobiotic is therefore a potential replacement for antibiotic growth promoters.

scholarly journals Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) Oil as a Potential Alternative to Antibiotics in Poultry

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack ◽  
Mahmoud Alagawany ◽  
Abdel-Moneim E. Abdel-Moneim ◽  
Noureldeen G. Mohammed ◽  
Asmaa F. Khafaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters

The removal of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) as feed additives in poultry nutrition from the market in many countries has compelled researchers to find unconventional and safe alternatives to AGPs. Probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes, organic acids, herbs, immune-stimulants and essential oils (EO) have been investigated as feed additives in poultry production. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), one of the oldest medicinal plants and widely used around the world, can be used in poultry rations in the form of powder or essential oil. Essential oils produced from aromatic plants have become more interesting owing to their potential effects as hypocholesterolaemic agents, antioxidants, antimicrobials, antifungals and stimulants of digestive enzymes. The potential insecticidal and antimicrobial activities of EO against pathogens that cause spoilage in agriculture crops and human diseases might be attributed mainly to the high content of volatile components (mainly cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and carvacrol) in cinnamon oil. The present review focuses on the effects of cinnamon oil as a feed additive on poultry performance, carcass traits, meat quality, hypocholesterolaemic impact, antioxidant activity, immunity and microbiological aspects.

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