scholarly journals Synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial studies of pipemidic acid metal complexes

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahsan Zamir Siddiqi ◽  
Agha Zeeshan Mirza
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Pipemidic Acid ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Essential And Trace Elements

Abstract Background Pipemidic acid, like other quinolones, is susceptible against different organisms in vitro, and it was proved to be a preferred choice for certain indications. Previous studies reveal that concurrent administration of essential and trace elements with quinolones decreases gastrointestinal absorption, causing therapeutic failure. To study the probable interaction of pipemidic acid with essential and trace elements present in the human body, pipemidic acid has been reacted with magnesium, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, and cadmium, the complexes formed. Results The compounds were characterized by the melting point, conductance studies, IR, UV, 1H-NMR, CHN, and atomic absorption analysis. Conclusion The results suggested oxygen atoms present at carbonyl and carboxylic group render the bidentate6 property to the pipemidic acid. The antimicrobial activity of the compounds was determined by the disk diffusion method, and both standard and complexes show no antibacterial activity against the clinical isolates.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the in vitro antibacterial activity of some essential oils and their blends against Staphylococcus spp. isolated from episodes of sheep mastitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Fratini ◽  
Margherita Giusti ◽  
Simone Mancini ◽  
Francesca Pisseri ◽  
Basma Najar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Thymus Serpyllum

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci are among the major causes of mastitis in sheep. The main goal of this research was to determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of several essential oils (EOs, n 30), then five of them were chosen and tested alone and in blends against staphylococci isolates. Five bacteria were isolated from episodes of ovine mastitis (two S. aureus and three S. xylosus). Biochemical and molecular methods were employed to identify the isolates and disk diffusion method was performed to determine their antimicrobial-resistance profile. The relative percentage of the main constituents in the tested essential oils and their blends was detected by GC-EIMS analysis. Antibacterial and bactericidal effectiveness of essential oils and blends were evaluated through minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). All of them showed sensitivity to the used antimicrobials. The EOs with the highest antibacterial activity were those belonging to the Lamiaceae family characterized by high concentrations of thymol, carvacrol and its precursor p-cymene, together with cinnamon EO, rich in cinnamaldehyde. In terms of both MIC and MBC values, the blend composed by Thymus capitatus EO 40%, Cinnamomum zeylanicum EO 20%, Thymus serpyllum EO 20% and Satureja montana EO 20% was found to be the most effective against all the isolates. Some essential oils appear to represent, at least in vitro, a valid tool against ovine mastitis pathogens. Some blends showed a remarkable effectiveness than the single oils, highlighting a synergistic effect in relation to the phytocomplex.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION OF AMINO ACETYLENIC AND THIOCARBAMATES DERIVATIVES FOR 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Aseel Alsarahni ◽  
Zuhair Muhi Eldeen ◽  
Elham Al-kaissi ◽  
Ibrahim Al- Adham ◽  
Najah Al-muhtaseb
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Benzothiazole Derivatives ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Potential Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
C Nmr

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To design and synthesize amino acetylenic and thiocarbonate of 2-mercapto-1,3-benthiazoles as potential antimicrobial agents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A new series of 2-{[4-(t-amino-1-yl) but-2-yn-1-yl] sulfanyl}-1,3-benzothiazole derivatives (AZ1-AZ6), and S-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl-O-alkyl carbonothioate derivatives were synthesised, with the aim that the target compounds show new and potential antimicrobial activity. The elemental analysis was indicated by the EuroEA elemental analyzer, and biological characterization was via IR, <sup>1</sup>H-NMR, [13]C-NMR, DSC were determined with the aid of Bruker FT-IR and Varian 300 MHz spectrometer using DMSO-d<sub>6</sub> as a solvent.<em> </em><em>In vitro </em>antimicrobial activity, evaluation was done for the synthesised compounds, by agar diffusion method and broth dilution test. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. <em></em></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The IR, <sup>1</sup>H-NMR, <sup>13</sup>C-NMR, DSC and elemental analysis were consistent with the assigned structures. Compound of 2-{[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-yl] sulfanyl}-1,3-benzothiazole (AZ1), 2-{[4-(2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-yl]sulfanyl}-1,3-benzothiazole (AZ2), 2-{[4-(piperidin-1-yl) but-2-yn-1-yl]sulfanyl}-1, 3-benzothiazole (AZ6), S-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl-O-ethyl carbonothioate (AZ7), and S-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl-O-(2-methylpropyl) carbonothioate (AZ9) showed the highest antimicrobial activity against <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>(<em>P. aeruginosa</em>), AZ-9 demonstrated the highest antifungal activity against <em>Candida albicans </em>(<em>C. albicans</em>), with MIC of 31.25 µg/ml.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These promising results promoted our interest to investigate other structural analogues for their antimicrobial activity further.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluating the Antimicrobial Activity of Commercially Available Herbal Toothpastes on Microorganisms Associated with Diabetes Mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 924-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reena Kulshrestha ◽  
J Kranthi ◽  
P Krishna Rao ◽  
Feroz Jenner ◽  
V Abdul Jaleel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

ABSTRACT Aim The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of commercially available herbal toothpastes against the different periodontopathogens. Materials and methods Six herbal toothpastes that were commonly commercially available were included in the study. Colgate herbal, Babool, Meswak, Neem active, Dabur red toothpastes were tested for the study whereas sterile normal saline was used as control. Antimicrobial efficacies of dentifrices were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The antimicrobial properties of dentifrices were tested by measuring the maximum zone of inhibition at 24 hours on the Mueller Hinton Agar media inoculated with microbial strain using disk diffusion method. Each dentifrice was tested at 100% concentration (full strength). Results The study showed that all dentifrices selected for the study were effective against the entire test organism but to varying degree. Neem active tooth paste gave a reading of 25.4 mm as the zone of inhibition which was highest amongst all of the test dentifrices. Colgate Herbal and Meswak dentifrices recorded a larger maximum zone of inhibition, measuring 23 and 22.6 mm respectively, compared to other toothpastes. All other dentifrices showed the zone of inhibition to be between 17 and 19 mm respectively. Conclusion The antibacterial properties of six dentifrices were studied in vitro and concluded that almost all of the dentifrices available commercially had antibacterial properties to some extent to benefit dental health or antiplaque action. How to cite this article Jenner F, Jaleel VA, Kulshrestha R, Maheswar G, Rao PK, Kranthi J. Evaluating the Antimicrobial Activity of Commercially Available Herbal Toothpastes on Microorganisms Associated with Diabetes Mellitus. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):924-929.

Detection of invA and blaCTM-genes in Salmonella spp isolated from febrile patients in Lagos hospitals, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kabiru O. Akinyemi ◽  
Christopher O. Fakorede ◽  
Rebecca O. Abegunrin ◽  
Samuel O. Ajoseh ◽  
Abdul-Azeez A. Anjorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Inva Gene ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Salmonella infections remain a global challenge. The culture method is the gold standard for the detection of genus Salmonella. Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has become an effective tool for the detection of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. This study investigated the prevalence of Salmonella by culture and detection of invA gene and blaCTX-M and blaCTX-M-3 gene markers by PCR. A total of 612 blood samples were collected from hospitalized febrile patients between March 2020 and April 2021. The samples were cultured, isolates identified by standard method with Analytical Profile Index (API 20-E) kits and were subjected to in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) using disk diffusion method. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) detection was carried out by double-disc synergy test. Detection of invA gene and antibiotic-resistant genes makers was done by qPCR. A total of 24 Salmonella isolates were identified given a prevalence of 3.9% Salmonella-associated bacteraemia. Children within 1-10 years with persistent pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) accounted for 50% of the Salmonella isolated with a mean age of 5.299 years. Specifically, 75% (18/24) Salmonella isolates and their corresponding samples of positive Salmonella culture were positive for the invA gene. The AST results indicated 100% Salmonella isolates developed resistance to ceftazidime, cefotaxime , augmentin, ampicillin, ertapenem, and doripenem. None of drug resistant-Salmonella isolates expressed ESBL enzyme phenotypically. Seven resistance patterns were observed, and the pattern CAZ-CTX-OFL-AUG-NIT-AMP-ETR-DOR was the most encountered pattern. Twelve (50%) Salmonella isolates harbored the blaCTX-M and blaCTX-M-3 genes and were mostly from children. The study has added to the growing knowledge on the suitability of the invA gene primer set as a PCR target for the detection of Salmonella. It also revealed a paradigm shift in the occurrence of invasive Salmonella harboring blaCTX-M and blaCTX-M-3 genes in PUO cases. There is a need for judicious use of cephalosporin and carbapenem antibiotics to preserve their efficacies.

scholarly journals Essential Oil from Origanum vulgare Completely Inhibits the Growth of Multidrug-Resistant Cystic Fibrosis Pathogens

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Pesavento ◽  
Valentina Maggini ◽  
Isabel Maida ◽  
Antonella Lo Nostro ◽  
Carmela Calonico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Achromobacter Xylosoxidans ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Wide Range

Essential oils (EOs) are known to inhibit the growth of a wide range of microorganisms. Particularly interesting is the possible use of EOs to treat multidrug-resistant cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogens. We tested the essential oil (EO) from Origanum vulgare for in vitro antimicrobial activity, against three of the major human opportunistic pathogens responsible for respiratory infections in CF patients; these are methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Achromobacter xylosoxidans. Antibiotic susceptibility of each strain was previously tested by the standard disk diffusion method. Most strains were resistant to multiple antibiotics and could be defined as multi-drug-resistant (MDR). The antibacterial activity of O. vulgare EO (OEO) against a panel of 59 bacterial strains was evaluated, with MIC and MBC determined at 24, 48 and 72 hours by a microdilution method. The OEO was effective against all tested strains, although to a different extent. The MBC and MIC of OEO for S. aureus strains were either lower or equal to 0.50%, v/v, for A. xylosoxidans strains were lower or equal to 1% and 0.50%, v/v, respectively; and for S. maltophilia strains were lower or equal to 0.25%, v/v. The results from this study suggest that OEO might exert a role as an antimicrobial in the treatment of CF infections.

scholarly journals Effect of Ligilactobacillus salivarius and Other Natural Components against Anaerobic Periodontal Bacteria

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4519
Author(s):  
Marzena Kucia ◽  
Ewa Wietrak ◽  
Mateusz Szymczak ◽  
Paweł Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

In this present study, the bacteriostatic effect of Salistat SGL03 and the Lactobacillus salivarius strain contained in it was investigated in adults in in vivo and in vitro tests on selected red complex bacteria living in the subgingival plaque, inducing a disease called periodontitis, i.e., chronic periodontitis. Untreated periodontitis can lead to the destruction of the gums, root cementum, periodontium, and alveolar bone. Anaerobic bacteria, called periopathogens or periodontopathogens, play a key role in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis. The most important periopathogens of the oral microbiota are: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola and others. Our hypothesis was verified by taking swabs of scrapings from the surface of the teeth of female hygienists (volunteers) on full and selective growth media for L. salivarius. The sizes of the zones of growth inhibition of periopathogens on the media were measured before (in vitro) and after consumption (in vivo) of Salistat SGL03, based on the disk diffusion method, which is one of the methods of testing antibiotic resistance and drug susceptibility of pathogenic microorganisms. Additionally, each of the periopathogens analyzed by the reduction inoculation method, was treated with L. salivarius contained in the SGL03 preparation and incubated together in Petri dishes. The bacteriostatic activity of SGL03 preparation in selected periopathogens was also analyzed using the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests. The obtained results suggest the possibility of using the Salistat SGL03 dietary supplement in the prophylaxis and support of the treatment of periodontitis—already treated as a civilization disease.

scholarly journals USING ESSENTIAL OILS TO COMBAT THE THREAT OF MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT BACTERIA, PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenies Grullon ◽  
James P. Mack ◽  
Albert Rojtman
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cinnamon Bark

<div class="WordSection1"><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The development of antibiotics was a revolutionary scientific discovery and medical advancement that greatly extended the life expectancy of mankind. Through less than 100 y of using antibiotics to treat infectious bacteria, some of these highly adaptive organisms have developed resistance to the drugs. The healthcare field is greatly concerned with the threat of many common infections that have been considered treatable for decades, regaining its ability to be severely fatal; thus, making alternative treatments currently in high demand. This study concentrated on investigating an alternative treatment for a specific gram-negative bacterium, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa)</em>, a resistance-gaining bacteria that commonly infects hospitalized patients with weakened immune systems and/or open wounds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prior to the age of modern medicine, human beings relied on nature for medicinal treatments. In our research, we focused on determining the <em>in vitro </em>efficacy of using the essential oils, cassia and cinnamon bark, their major component, cinnamaldehyde, as well as the major component of manuka honey, methylglyoxal, as an alternative treatment against <em>P. aeruginosa</em> We tested cassia, cinnamon bark, cinnamaldehyde, and methylglyoxal using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method; the diameter of the zone of inhibition for each treated bacterial sample was measured and compared with the standard antibiotic treatments, tobramycin, and amikacin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study showed that the selected essential oils, cinnamaldehyde, and methylglyoxal were as effective or better in inhibiting the growth of <em>P. aeruginosa </em>compared to the standard aminoglycoside antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The tested essential oils, cinnamaldehyde, and methylglyoxal may be useful as an alternative treatment for infections caused by <em>P. aeruginosa</em> and may also provide communities where antibiotics are not readily available, a cost-effective way to treat this infectious disease.</p></div>

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Toxicity Evaluation of Eastern Medicine Formulation Eczegone for the Management of Eczema

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 155932582095679
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amjad Chishti ◽  
Ejaz Mohi-Ud-Din ◽  
Shahbaz Ahmad Zakki ◽  
Muhammad Rahil Aslam ◽  
Sheraz Siddiqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Skin Keratinocytes

The present study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activity, in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity, cell viability and safety of Eastern Medicine coded medicinal formulation Eczegone comprising extracts of Azadirachta indica (Azin) , Fumaria indica (Fuin) , Sphaeranthus indicus (Spin) and Lawsonia inermis (Lain). This work also evaluated antibacterial activity of Eczegone formulation having above mentioned plants ethanolic extracts against different bacteria’s by disk diffusion method. In vitro toxicity of Eczegone formulation was investigated by using human skin keratinocytes HaCaT cell line, crystal violet stained cells, and methyl tetrazolium cytotoxicity (MTT) assay. In vivo acute oral and dermal cytotoxicity was determined by using Swiss albino mice and albino rabbits, respectively. The Eczegone formulation showed antibacterial activity against 3 gram negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris and a gram positive Staphylococcus aureus. We didn’t observe any toxic effect of Eczegone formulation on the skin keratinocytes. Furthermore, the Ezcegone formulation was non-irritant according to draize score (OECD TG404, 2002). After rigorous safety evaluation by in vitro and in vivo acute oral and dermal toxicity analysis, we concluded that Eczegone formualtion possessses antibacterial effects and is safe, non-toxic, non-irritant, and the drug would be subjected for further biochemical and clinical studies.

scholarly journals Association between Biofilm-Production and Antibiotic Resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC): An In Vitro Study

Diseases ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam Behzadi ◽  
Edit Urbán ◽  
Márió Gajdács
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections requiring medical attention worldwide. The production of biofilms is an important step in UTIs, not only from a mechanistic point of view, but this may also confer additional resistance, distinct from other aspects of multidrug resistance (MDR). A total of two hundred and fifty (n = 250) Escherichia coli isolates, originating from clean-catch urine samples, were included in this study. The isolates were classified into five groups: wild-type, ciprofloxacin-resistant, fosfomycin-resistant, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains. The bacterial specimens were cultured using eosine methylene blue agar and the colony morphology of isolates were recorded. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method and E-tests. Biofilm-formation of the isolates was carried out with the crystal violet tube-adherence method. n = 76 isolates (30.4%) produced large colonies (>3 mm), mucoid variant colonies were produced in n = 135 cases (54.0%), and n = 119 (47.6%) were positive for biofilm formation. The agreement (i.e., predictive value) of mucoid variant colonies in regard to biofilm production in the tube-adherence assay was 0.881 overall. Significant variation was seen in the case of the group of ESBL-producers in the ratio of biofilm-producing isolates. The relationship between biofilm-production and other resistance determinants has been extensively studied. However, no definite conclusion can be reached from the currently available data.

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