scholarly journals Ameliorative effect of ethanolic extract of Limnophila rugosa (Scrophulariaceae) in paracetamol- and carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Hota ◽  
B. K. Nanda ◽  
B. R. Behera ◽  
A. Bose

Abstract Background Limnophila rugosa (Scrophulariaceae) is a perennial aquatic plant used as a diuretic and digestive tonic as well as in the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, dyspepsia and urinary ailments. Genus Limnophila has been reported as hepatoprotective. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of L. rugosa aerial part in paracetamol- and carbon tetrachloride-induced (CCl4) hepatotoxicity in albino Wistar rats. Ethanolic extract was subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis for the estimation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis for phytochemical analysis. The in vitro antioxidant activity was carried out by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide radical and hydrogen peroxide assay. Hepatoprotective potential of L. rugosa was studied in paracetamol (750 mg/mg)- and CCl4 (1.25 ml/kg)-induced liver damage in albino rats at dose 200 and 300 mg/kg using silymarin (100 mg/kg) as standard. Lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were determined in liver tissue homogenate. Serum biochemical and histopathological examination was performed. Molecular docking analysis was performed to understand the molecular mechanism of hepatoprotective activity. Results HPLC analysis revealed predominance of rutin. GC–MS analysis revealed camphor as principal component. Ethanolic extract exhibited significant concentration-dependent scavenging efficacy. The altered biochemical chemical parameters: aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, cholesterol, albumin, globulin and total protein, were significantly improved at 200 and 300 mg/kg in experimental rats. Extract signified hepatoprotective by decreasing lipid peroxidation and upregulating SOD, CAT and GSH. The findings were well supported by histological analysis. 2-Butyl-2, 7-octadien-1-ol (-5.8) and camphor (-4.8) gave the highest docking score on the transforming growth factor-β1. Conclusions The ameliorative effect of L. rugosa in the rat model of hepatotoxicity could be attributed to its antioxidant potential and bioactive principles such as betulin, 5-hydroxy-6,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone (salvigenin), betulinic acid, ursolic acid, 3-octanol, acetophenone, anisylacetone, caryophyllene, cis-anethole and the compounds camphor and 2-butyl-2,7-octadien-1-ol identified from GC–MS analysis.

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Jen Ko ◽  
Wen-Tsuan Hsieh ◽  
Yueh-Wern Wu ◽  
Wen-Chuan Lin

The effect of oral administration of a 50% ethanol extract of Silene aprica (SA) on acute liver injury was examined in rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and acetaminophen. The results indicated that SA protected the liver from CCl4- and acetaminophen-induced injury as judged by morphological and biochemical observations. An increase in both lipid peroxidation (LPO) and triglyceride concentrations occurred in the liver with CCl4injection , SA administration significantly reduced these changes.


Author(s):  
Venkatesh Sellamuthu ◽  

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of mixture of stem bark, leaf and root extract of Bauhinia acuminata L. using carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity model. Method: Powdered mixture materials were extracted with distilled water using soxhlet apparatus. The dried extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis and the extracts were evaluated for acute oral toxicity by OECD guidelines 423.The aqueous extract at a dose level 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg were selected and administered to albino rats for hepatoprotective screening. Hepatotoxicity was induced by Carbon tetrachloride (1 ml/kg with CMC). Silymarin (100 mg/kg p. o) was used as the standard. Result: The preliminary phytochemical examination showed the presence of Alkaloids, Glycosides, Saponins, Flavanoids, Tannins, Aminoacids, Tryptophan, Quinones, Terpinoids, Starch, Vitamin C and Carbohydrates. Furthermore, the acute toxicity study results showed that the extracts were found to be safe up to 2000 mg/kg b. wt. The extract dose dependently shows hepatoprotective potential by restoring the elevated biochemical parameters. Conclusion: The results obtained from the study indicates that mixture of stem bark, leaves and root extract of Bauhinia acuminata L. possess promising hepatoprotective activity. The activity might be due the presence of the phytoconstituents including Alkaloids, Glycosides, Saponins, Flavanoids, Tannins, Aminoacids, Carbohydrates Terpinoids, Starch, Vitamin C, Tryptophan and Quinones in the extract. Further studies are required to identify the active principle responsible for the hepatoprotective activity.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1097-1109
Author(s):  
Remya Kopilakkal ◽  
Balamurali M. Musuvathi

Background: Clerodendrum paniculatum has ethnomedicinal importance in treatment of disorders like wound, typhoid, jaundice, malaria and anemia. Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of Clerodendrum paniculatum leaves against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced rat model and identification of its bioactive constituents by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC MS). Methods: Successive solvent extraction was carried out. Total phenolic, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity by 2,2- diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide and 2-Azino-bis [3-ethyl benzothiazoline- 6-sufonic acid] (ABTS method) were done. Ethyl acetate extract was selected for hepatoprotective study in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated model followed by the measurement of liver function marker enzymes such as SGOT (Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase), SGPT (Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase), and ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase). Biochemical parameters like bilirubin and protein were measured. Histopathologic liver sections were carried out. Bioactive constituents were evaluated by GC MS. Results: By DPPH and ABTS method, ethyl acetate extract showed IC50 as 70.14±0.92 μg/ml,2958.24±2.460 μg/ml, respectively. The alcoholic extract showed maximum IC50 (197.22 ±7.16 μg/ml) by Nitric oxide radical scavenging method. Hepatoprotective study reveals that intoxicated animal groups have elevated levels of enzymes and bilirubin and suppress the production of protein. The extract pre-treatment showed a significant decrease in enzymes and increased production of total protein in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathologic studies also support the hepatoprotective activity. GC MS analysis revealed the presence of seven major bioactive constituents with ethyl palmitate as the major one. Conclusion: The results support the proof for the hepatoprotective potential of the CPLE extract with potent antioxidant activity and enhanced liver enzyme level. The observed activity could be due to the presence of bioactive compounds as identified by GC MS analysis.


Author(s):  
Sandeep Chavan ◽  
Remeth Dias ◽  
Chandrakant Magdum

In this study we investigated the in vivo Hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Garuga pinnata (EEGP) leaves in Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity using wistar rats of either sex as model. Hepatotoxicity was induced by the administration of CCl4 intraperitoneally (0.125ml CCl4 in liquid paraffin (1:1) per 100g body weight). Garuga pinnata leaves extract at different dose levels (200 and 400mg/kg, p.o.) showed the dose dependant hepatoprotective effect and was compared with well known standard hepatoprotective Silymarain (100mg/kg). When groups were treated with CCl4, significant increase in serum biochemical parameters such as Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline phosphate (ALP), Acid Phosphate (ACP), Creatinine and alteration of tissue biochemical parameters such as reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and the total proteins were observed. The histopathological examination of the CCl4 treated groups showed sinusoidal congestion, centrilobular necrosis, marked vacuolations and congestion. However, pretreatment with extract of leaves of Garuga pinnata significantly reduced the increased serum levels of biochemical parameters and restored antioxidant defense enzymes level to its normal. Moreover, histopathology of leaves extract treated groups showed normal architecture with minimal sinusoidal congestion. Taken together, our study concludes that EEGP to be a more potential agent for caring liver from CCl4 induced damage.


2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Lodhi ◽  
Hemant Singh ◽  
Kamlesh Pant ◽  
Zeashan Hussain

Hepatoprotective effects ofCalotropis giganteaextract against carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury in ratsEthanolic extract (50 %) of stems ofCalotropis giganteaR. Br. (Asclepiadaceae) at doses of 250 and 500 mg kg-1were studied for hepatoprotective activity in male Wistar rats with liver damage induced using carbon tetrachloride, 2 mL kg-1twice a week. The protective effect ofC. giganteaextract was compared with the standard drug silymarin. Various biochemical parameters such as aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxide (LPO), superoxidedismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) were evaluated. The results revealed that theC. giganteaextract significantly decreased AST, ALT (p< 0.001) and lipid peroxide (p< 0.01) levels. The antioxidant parameters GSH, GPx, SOD and catalase levels were increased considerably compared to their levels in groups not treated withC. giganteaextract.


Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD IQBAL ◽  
MUHAMMAD DAWOOD SHAH ◽  
SENTY VUN-SANG ◽  
RIANA BINTI AWANG SAMAN

Objective: The pathogenesis of various liver injuries involves oxidative damage. This research was planned to examine the effects of Mereemia borneensis extract on hepatic oxidative damage caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to M. borneensis (125 and 250 mg/kg b. wt.) once daily for 14 d followed by two doses of CCl4 (1.2 ml/kg b. wt.). After 2 w, the rats were sacrificed and hepatoprotective analysis was done. Results: Orally administration of CCl4 enhances serum transaminase (ALT; alanine transaminase and AST; aspartate transaminase), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, lipid peroxidation, reduction in glutathione, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, quinone reductase and glutathione S-transferase. Pretreatment of rats with M. borneensis at 125 and 250 mg/kg body weight significantly reduced levels of ALT, AST, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and lipid peroxidation of CCl4 treated rats. Pretreatment with M. borneensis against rats treated with CCl4, hepatic enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant molecules have increased significantly. A decreased histopathological change in the liver is further evidence of the protective effect of M. borneensis. Conclusion: Our data suggest that M. borneensis can be a potential hepatoprotective agent in preventing or treating degenerative diseases that involve oxidative stress.


2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Ganiyat K. Oloyede ◽  
Oluwatosin A. Adaramoye ◽  
Oluwaseyi J. Oguntokun

Adansonia digitata (Bombacaceae) leaves are used in the treatment of kidney and bladder diseases in ethno-medicine. This research was aimed at justifying its use by isolating the secondary plant metabolites responsible for the observed hepatoprotective activity. Coumarin, terpenoids and steroids were the phytochemicals found in hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol soluble fractions of the crude ethanolic extract of A. digitata leaves. These compounds were isolated by chromatographic technique and their chemical structures were identified by direct comparison of their spectroscopic data with those reported in literature. Stigmasterol, friedelin, scopoletin, β–sitosterol and β–sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were isolated, identified and characterized by their UV, IR, 1H and 13C-NMR. β – sitosterol-3-O- β-D-glucopyranoside, though a known phytosterol is reported newly in the leaves of A. digitata from Nigeria. The UV and IR of four yet to be identified compounds are also reported. Only the ethylacetate soluble fraction of the crude ethanolic extract of A. digatata leaves was subjected to hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride – induced liver damage in rats and it showed significant hepatoprotective activity by reducing elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphate (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight (p<0.05). Extract at 100 mg/kg body weight showed better hepatoprotective influence than at 200 mg/kg body weight. Reduction in the effect of toxic carbon tetrachloride by the extract was further supported by histopathological results from liver samples which showed regeneration of hepatocytes.


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