The Role of Cilia in the Auditory System

Cilia ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 211-236
Author(s):  
Helen May-Simera
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System

scholarly journals Recent advancements in understanding the role of epigenetics in the auditory system

Gene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 761 ◽  
pp. 144996
Author(s):  
Rahul Mittal ◽  
Nicole Bencie ◽  
George Liu ◽  
Nicolas Eshraghi ◽  
Eric Nisenbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System

scholarly journals Effects of acoustic trauma on the auditory system of the rat: The role of microglia

Neuroscience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 303 ◽  
pp. 299-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Baizer ◽  
K.M. Wong ◽  
S. Manohar ◽  
S.H. Hayes ◽  
D. Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Acoustic Trauma

scholarly journals Efferent feedback enforces bilateral coupling of spontaneous activity in the developing auditory system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixiang Wang ◽  
Maya Sanghvi ◽  
Alexandra Gribizis ◽  
Yueyi Zhang ◽  
Lei Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Descending Pathways ◽  
Efferent System ◽  
Cholinergic Pathway ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Circuit Formation

SummaryIn the developing auditory system, spontaneous activity generated in the cochleae propagates into the central nervous system to promote circuit formation before hearing onset. Effects of the evolving peripheral firing pattern on spontaneous activity in the central auditory system are not well understood. Here, we describe the wide-spread bilateral coupling of spontaneous activity that coincides with the period of transient efferent modulation of inner hair cells from the medial olivochlear (MOC) system. Knocking out the α9/α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, a requisite part of the efferent cholinergic pathway, abolishes these bilateral correlations. Pharmacological and chemogenetic experiments confirm that the MOC system is necessary and sufficient to produce the bilateral coupling. Moreover, auditory sensitivity at hearing onset is reduced in the absence of pre-hearing efferent modulation. Together, our results demonstrate how ascending and descending pathways collectively shape spontaneous activity patterns in the auditory system and reveal the essential role of the MOC efferent system in linking otherwise independent streams of bilateral spontaneous activity during the prehearing period.

scholarly journals The Role of Native Language and the Fundamental Design of the Auditory System in Detecting Rhythm Changes

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Ordin ◽  
Leona Polyanskaya ◽  
David Maximiliano Gómez ◽  
Arthur G. Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Rhythmic Pattern ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Regular Rhythm ◽  
Fundamental Design

Purpose We investigated whether rhythm discrimination is mainly driven by the native language of the listener or by the fundamental design of the human auditory system and universal cognitive mechanisms shared by all people irrespective of rhythmic patterns in their native language. Method In multiple experiments, we asked participants to listen to 2 continuous acoustic sequences and to determine whether their rhythms were the same or different (AX discrimination). Participants were native speakers of 4 languages with different rhythmic properties (Spanish, French, English, and German) to understand whether the predominant rhythmic patterns of a native language affect sensitivity, bias, and reaction time in detecting rhythmic changes in linguistic (Experiment 2) and in nonlinguistic (Experiments 1 and 2) acoustic sequences. We examined sensitivity and bias measures, as well as reaction times. We also computed Bayes factors in order to assess the effect of native language. Results All listeners performed better (i.e., responded faster and manifested higher sensitivity and accuracy) when detecting the presence or absence of a rhythm change when the 1st stimulus in an AX test pair exhibited regular rhythm (i.e., a syllable-timed rhythmic pattern) than when the 1st stimulus exhibited irregular rhythm (i.e., stress-timed rhythmic pattern). This result pattern was observed both on linguistic and nonlinguistic stimuli and was not modulated by the native language of the participant. Conclusion We conclude that rhythm change detection is a fundamental function of a processing system that relies on general auditory mechanisms and is not modulated by linguistic experience.

Role of the F-box protein Skp2 in cell proliferation in the developing auditory system in mice

Neuroreport ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 759-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youyi Dong ◽  
Takayuki Nakagawa ◽  
Tsuyoshi Endo ◽  
Tae-Soo Kim ◽  
Fukuichiro Iguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
F Box Protein

Latency of Vocalization Onset for Stutterers and Nonstutterers under Conditions of Auditory and Visual, Cueing

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. McFarlane ◽  
Kenneth G. Shipley
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Visual Cueing ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
Auditory Cueing

The purpose of this study was to determine whether stutterers and nonstutterers differed in latency of vocalization onset as a function of auditory and visual stimulus presentations. Twelve adult stutterers and 12 adult nonstutterers were compared for phonation onset latency under conditions of visual, right ear auditory, and left ear auditory cueing. Analyses of the data indicated that (a) overall phonation onset time did not differ significantly between the groups, (b) no significant differences were found for phonation onset time under conditions of combined auditory cueing, (c) stutterers were significantly slower for /pℵ/ when auditory cueing was presented to either the left ear, (d) stutterers were significantly slower for /pℵ/ and /bℵ/ when the values were combined for the left ear, and (e) there were no significant differences between stutterers' and nonstutterers' phonation onset times under visual cueing. The results are interpreted to implicate a possible role of auditory system functioning in stutterers' motor control for speech tasks such as phonation onset.

scholarly journals The Role of Glia in the Peripheral and Central Auditory System Following Noise Overexposure: Contribution of TNF-α and IL-1β to the Pathogenesis of Hearing Loss

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Fuentes-Santamaría ◽  
Juan Carlos Alvarado ◽  
Pedro Melgar-Rojas ◽  
María C. Gabaldón-Ull ◽  
Josef M. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Central Auditory System ◽  
Tnf Α

Speech Discrimination in Sensori-Neural Hearing Loss: Two Experiments on the Role of Intensity

1966 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip A. Yantis ◽  
Joseph P. Millin ◽  
Irving Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Speech Discrimination ◽  
Amplitude Distortion

Speech discrimination was investigated in subjects with sensori-neural dysacousis. Maximum discrimination for speech in the population studied generally occurred at intensity levels below those at which aural amplitude distortion may be introduced into the auditory system. Articulation functions for speech heard at various hearing-aid gain levels by experienced wearers showed that these subjects preferred gain levels close to those at which PB-max scores were obtained, and that the shapes of the articulation curves were quite variable from one subject to another.

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