scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Influenza A Virus on Endotoxin-Induced Mortality in Rat Pups: A Potential Model for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

2002 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Blood-Siegfried ◽  
Abraham Nyska ◽  
Holly Lieder ◽  
Mijeom Joe ◽  
Libia Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Potential Model ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Rat Pups

scholarly journals Active sleep unmasks apnea and delayed arousal in infant rat pups lacking central serotonin

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob O. Young ◽  
Aron Geurts ◽  
Matthew R. Hodges ◽  
Kevin J. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Active Sleep ◽  
Quiet Sleep ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Infant Rat ◽  
Increased Risk

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), occurring during sleep periods, is highly associated with abnormalities within serotonin (5-HT) neurons, including reduced 5-HT. There is evidence that future SIDS cases experience more apnea and have abnormal arousal from sleep. In rodents, a loss of 5-HT neurons is associated with apnea in early life and, in adulthood, delayed arousal. As the activity of 5-HT neurons changes with vigilance state, we hypothesized that the degree of apnea and delayed arousal displayed by rat pups specifically lacking central 5-HT varies with state. Two-week-old tryptophan hydroxylase 2-deficient ( TPH2−/−) and wild-type (WT) rat pups were placed in plethysmographic chambers supplied with room air. At the onset of active (AS) or quiet (QS) sleep, separate groups of rats were exposed to hypercapnia (5% CO2) or mild hypoxia (~17% O2) or maintained in room air. Upon arousal, rats received room air. Apnea indexes and latencies to spontaneous arousal from AS and QS were determined for pups exposed only to room air. Arousal latencies were also calculated for TPH2−/− and WT pups exposed to hypoxia or hypercapnia. Compared with WT, TPH2−/− pups hypoventilated in all states but were profoundly more apneic solely in AS. TPH2−/− pups had delayed arousal in response to increasing CO2, and AS selectively delayed the arousal of TPH2−/− pups, irrespective of the gas they breathed. Thus infants who are deficient in CNS 5-HT may be at increased risk for SIDS in AS because of increased apnea and delayed arousal compared with QS. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) occurs during sleep and is associated with central serotonin (5-HT) deficiency. We report that rat pups deficient in central 5-HT ( TPH2−/−) are profoundly more apneic in active sleep (AS) but not quiet sleep (QS). Unlike control pups, the arousal of TPH2−/− pups in air, CO2, and hypoxia was delayed in AS compared with QS. Thus for infants deficient in central 5-HT, the risk of SIDS may be higher in AS than in QS.

One More Thought on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 809.1-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Albers ◽  
Harvey L. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Sleeping Position: Fig. 1.

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 211.2-211
Author(s):  
Roberto Buzzetti ◽  
Roberto D'Amico ◽  
Alessandro Liberati
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Sleeping Position
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