scholarly journals In Vitro to In Vivo Extrapolation Linked to Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models for Assessing the Brain Drug Disposition

2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Murata ◽  
Sibylle Neuhoff ◽  
Amin Rostami-Hodjegan ◽  
Hiroyuki Takita ◽  
Zubida M. Al-Majdoub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Differences ◽  
Drug Disposition ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Pbpk Models ◽  
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Physiologically Based ◽  
The Brain

AbstractDrug development for the central nervous system (CNS) is a complex endeavour with low success rates, as the structural complexity of the brain and specifically the blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses tremendous challenges. Several in vitro brain systems have been evaluated, but the ultimate use of these data in terms of translation to human brain concentration profiles remains to be fully developed. Thus, linking up in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) strategies to physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models of brain is a useful effort that allows better prediction of drug concentrations in CNS components. Such models may overcome some known aspects of inter-species differences in CNS drug disposition. Required physiological (i.e. systems) parameters in the model are derived from quantitative values in each organ. However, due to the inability to directly measure brain concentrations in humans, compound-specific (drug) parameters are often obtained from in silico or in vitro studies. Such data are translated through IVIVE which could be also applied to preclinical in vivo observations. In such exercises, the limitations of the assays and inter-species differences should be adequately understood in order to verify these predictions with the observed concentration data. This report summarizes the state of IVIVE-PBPK-linked models and discusses shortcomings and areas of further research for better prediction of CNS drug disposition.

scholarly journals Development of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Orally Administered Fexuprazan in Humans

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 813
Author(s):  
Yoo-Seong Jeong ◽  
Min-Soo Kim ◽  
Nora Lee ◽  
Areum Lee ◽  
Yoon-Jee Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Acid ◽  
Pbpk Model ◽  
Pbpk Modeling ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Metabolite Formation ◽  
Pbpk Models ◽  
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Physiologically Based

Fexuprazan is a new drug candidate in the potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) family. As proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), P-CABs inhibit gastric acid secretion and can be used to treat gastric acid-related disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models predict drug interactions as pharmacokinetic profiles in biological matrices can be mechanistically simulated. Here, we propose an optimized and validated PBPK model for fexuprazan by integrating in vitro, in vivo, and in silico data. The extent of fexuprazan tissue distribution in humans was predicted using tissue-to-plasma partition coefficients in rats and the allometric relationships of fexuprazan distribution volumes (VSS) among preclinical species. Urinary fexuprazan excretion was minimal (0.29–2.02%), and this drug was eliminated primarily by the liver and metabolite formation. The fraction absorbed (Fa) of 0.761, estimated from the PBPK modeling, was consistent with the physicochemical properties of fexuprazan, including its in vitro solubility and permeability. The predicted oral bioavailability of fexuprazan (38.4–38.6%) was within the range of the preclinical datasets. The Cmax, AUClast, and time-concentration profiles predicted by the PBPK model established by the learning set were accurately predicted for the validation sets.

scholarly journals 1315. No Dose Adjustment of Metformin with Fostemsavir Coadministration Based on Mechanistic Static and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S669-S669
Author(s):  
Dung N Nguyen ◽  
Xiusheng Miao ◽  
Mindy Magee ◽  
Guoying Tai ◽  
Peter D Gorycki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Adjustment ◽  
Pbpk Model ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Pbpk Modeling ◽  
Repeat Dose ◽  
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Physiologically Based

Abstract Background Fostemsavir (FTR) is an oral prodrug of the first-in-class attachment inhibitor temsavir (TMR) which is being evaluated in patients with multidrug resistant HIV-1 infection. In vitro studies indicated that TMR and its 2 major metabolites are inhibitors of organic cation transporters (OCT)1, OCT2, and multidrug and toxin extrusion transporters (MATEs). To assess the clinical relevance, of OCT and MATE inhibition, mechanistic static DDI prediction with calculated Imax,u/IC50 ratios was below the cut-off limits for a DDI flag based on FDA guidelines and above the cut-off limits for MATEs based on EMA guidelines. Methods Metformin is a commonly used probe substrate for OCT1, OCT2 and MATEs. To predict the potential for a drug interaction between TMR and metformin, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for TMR was developed based on its physicochemical properties, in vitro and in vivo data. The model was verified and validated through comparison with clinical data. The TMR PBPK model accurately described AUC and Cmax within 30% of the observed data for single and repeat dose studies with or without food. The SimCYP models for metformin and ritonavir were qualified using literature data before applications of DDI prediction for TMR Results TMR was simulated at steady state concentrations after repeated oral doses of FTR 600 mg twice daily which allowed assessment of the potential OCT1, OCT2, and MATEs inhibition by TMR and metabolites. No significant increase in metformin systemic exposure (AUC or Cmax) was predicted with FTR co-administration. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was conducted for either hepatic OCT1 Ki, or renal OCT2 and MATEs Ki values. The model output indicated that, a 10-fold more potent Ki value for TMR would be required to have a ~15% increase in metformin exposure Conclusion Based on mechanistic static models and PBPK modeling and simulation, the OCT1/2 and MATEs inhibition potential of TMR and its metabolites on metformin pharmacokinetics is not clinically significant. No dose adjustment of metformin is necessary when co-administered with FTR Disclosures Xiusheng Miao, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline (Employee) Mindy Magee, Doctor of Pharmacy, GlaxoSmithKline (Employee, Shareholder) Peter D. Gorycki, BEChe, MSc, PhD, GSK (Employee, Shareholder) Katy P. Moore, PharmD, RPh, ViiV Healthcare (Employee)

scholarly journals Development of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Hydroxychloroquine and Its Application in Dose Optimization in Specific COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Zhang ◽  
Xueting Yao ◽  
Zhe Hou ◽  
Xuan Guo ◽  
Siqi Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pbpk Model ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Lung Model ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Physiologically Based ◽  
Drug Actions

In Feb 2020, we developed a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and integrated in vitro anti-viral effect to support dosing design of HCQ in the treatment of COVID-19 patients in China. This, along with emerging research and clinical findings, supported broader uptake of HCQ as a potential treatment for COVID-19 globally at the beginning of the pandemics. Therefore, many COVID-19 patients have been or will be exposed to HCQ, including specific populations with underlying intrinsic and/or extrinsic characteristics that may affect the disposition and drug actions of HCQ. It is critical to update our PBPK model of HCQ with adequate drug absorption and disposition mechanisms to support optimal dosing of HCQ in these specific populations. We conducted relevant in vitro and in vivo experiments to support HCQ PBPK model update. Different aspects of this model are validated using PK study from 11 published references. With parameterization informed by results from monkeys, a permeability-limited lung model is employed to describe HCQ distribution in the lung tissues. The updated model is applied to optimize HCQ dosing regimens for specific populations, including those taking concomitant medications. In order to meet predefined HCQ exposure target, HCQ dose may need to be reduced in young children, elderly subjects with organ impairment and/or coadministration with a strong CYP2C8/CYP2D6/CYP3A4 inhibitor, and be increased in pregnant women. The updated HCQ PBPK model informed by new metabolism and distribution data can be used to effectively support dosing recommendations for clinical trials in specific COVID-19 patients and treatment of patients with malaria or autoimmune diseases.

MAPPING IN VITRO AND IN VIVO DERIVED CYP2C9 AND CYP2C19 ONTOGENY FUNCTIONS: A CRITICAL COMPARISON BETWEEN VARIOUS ONTOGENY MODELS

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. e1.38-e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Salem ◽  
Trevor Johnson ◽  
Amin Rostami-Hodjegan
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Microsomal Protein ◽  
Critical Comparison ◽  
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Physiologically Based ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Best Fit

In vivo derived ontogeny profiles for CYP1A2 and CYP3A4, show improved clearance (CL) predictions within a paediatric physiologically based pharmacokinetic (p-PBPK) model1. The aim of this study is to derive ontogeny functions (OF) for CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 based on age related CL data on ibuprofen and pantoprazole & lansoprazole, respectively.A literature review was undertaken to collect age related CL data for these probes, the values were deconvoluted back to intrinsic CL values (per mg of liver microsomal protein) as described previously. The 'best-fit' algorithm for ratio of paediatric to mean adult intrinsic CL with age was determined in Graphpad Prism5 to obtain in vivo OF for CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. These were compared for performance with previously established ‘in vitro' OF in Simcyp Paediatric simulator (v14) using validation datasets.CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 enzyme activities showed an increase with age to values higher than adults by ages 2 and 1 month respectively, maximum values were reached at 1.5 years and 6 months, respectively before declining to typical adult levels by around 25 years.The CYP2C9 in vivo derived OF led to improved predictions of diclofenac and S-Warfarin CL compared to in vitro derived OF across the age range. For CYP2C19 there is a dearth of suitable validation compounds due to lack of clinical data with a possibility of using omeprazole or voriconazole. The reasons for discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo derived OF require further investigation.

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