Effects of simulated high altitude on blood glucose levels during exercise in individuals with Type 1 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory W Dugan ◽  
Shane K Maloney ◽  
Kristina J Abramoff ◽  
Sohan S Panag ◽  
Elizabeth A Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽  
Normoxic Condition ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Simulated High Altitude ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Context Current exercise guidelines for individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) do not consider the impact that high altitude may have on blood glucose levels (BGL) during exercise. Objective To investigate the effect of acute hypoxia (simulated high altitude) on BGL and carbohydrate oxidation rates during moderate intensity exercise in individuals with T1D. Methods Using a counterbalanced, repeated measures study design, 7 individuals with T1D completed two exercise sessions; normoxia and hypoxia (~4,200m simulated altitude). Participants cycled for 60min on an ergometer at 45% of their sea-level V̇O2peak, and then recovered for 60min. Before, during and after exercise, blood samples were taken to measure glucose, lactate and insulin levels. Respiratory gases were collected to measure carbohydrate oxidation rates. Results Early during exercise (<30min), there was no fall in BGL in either condition. After one hour of exercise and during recovery, BGL were significantly lower under the hypoxic condition compared to both pre-exercise levels (p=0.008) and the normoxic condition (p=0.027). Exercise in both conditions resulted in a significant rise in carbohydrate oxidation rates, which returned to baseline levels post-exercise. Before, during and after exercise, carbohydrate oxidation rates were higher under the hypoxic compared with the normoxic condition (p<0.001). Conclusions The greater decline in BGL during and after exercise performed under acute hypoxia suggests that exercise during acute exposure to high altitude may increase the risk of hypoglycemia in individuals with T1D. Future guidelines may have to consider the impact altitude has on exercise-mediated hypoglycemia.

776-P: Characteristics of Overnight Blood Glucose Levels Are Related to Sleep Quality in People with Type 1 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 776-P
Author(s):  
RACHEL BRANDT ◽  
MINSUN PARK ◽  
LAURIE T. QUINN ◽  
MINSEUNG CHU ◽  
YOUNGKWAN SONG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Antidiabetic effect of Psychotria malayana Jack in induced type 1 diabetic rat

MEDISAINS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Fairuz Fairuz ◽  
Hasna Dewi ◽  
Humaryanto Humaryanto
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Langerhans Cell ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Type I ◽  
Antidiabetic Effect ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Background: Therapies for hyperglycemic treatment, including insulin and oral diabetes medications, have been confirmed to cause several side effects. Thus, finding new drugs with fewer side effects is of high importance. Salung leaf herb (Psychotria malayana Jack) reported used in traditional societies as a treatment for diabetes. However, the scientific proof of this plant for diabetes treatment is still lacking.Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic effect of the P. malayana jack in induced type 1 diabetic rats by assessing blood glucose level and pancreatic cells in white rats.Methods: Alloxan used to induce type I diabetes. Rats randomly divided into six groups. A Group P1 received 250 mg/kg BW; group P2 received 500 mg/kg BW, group P3 received 1000 mg/kg BW. While group 4 basal received no treatment, group 5 received distilled water as a negative control, and group 6 received glibenclamide as a positive control. Medications are given for six days. Glucose levels were measured, and observation of pancreatic Langerhans cell damages.Results:  A decrease in blood glucose levels observed in all treatment groups. The most significant reduction (49.76%; 1000 mg/kg BW) occurred in the P3 group. Morphological features of pancreatic Langerhans cell damage were slightly high in the P1 group.Conclusion: P. malayana Jack can consider having an antidiabetic effect in a type 1 diabetic rat by reducing blood glucose levels.

Abstract P315: Vascular AT1 Angiotensin Receptors Do Not Contribute to Albuminuria or Hyperfiltration in Diabetes

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A Sparks ◽  
Stacy Johnson ◽  
Rishav Adhikari ◽  
Edward Diaz ◽  
Aaron Kupin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Angiotensin Receptors ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Akita Mice ◽  
The Impact

Blockade of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) reduces albuminuria, attenuates hyperfiltration, and slows the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) by preventing vasoconstriction and subsequent increases in glomerular hydrostatic pressure. Since RAS blockade disrupts Ang II signaling in all tissues, the specific contribution of vascular actions of AT1 receptors in DN has been difficult to delineate. Therefore, we generated 129 SvEv mice with cell-specific loss of AT1A from VSMCs (SMKOs) using Cre-loxp . To eliminate AT1R from VSMCs, we crossed the SMKO mice with AT1BR -/- mice, lacking the minor AT1B isoform. To study the impact of vascular AT1R in DN, we crossed the AT1B- null SMKOs with mice having the Ins2 C96Y AKITA mutation, which develop DM1 early. To enhance kidney injury, mice underwent uninephrectomy (UNX) at 11wks. Blood glucose levels were elevated (~500mg/dL) and similar at 10, 16 and 24wks between the two groups. Prior to UNX, albuminuria was similar between Control AKITA and AT1B- null SMKO AKITA (62±10 Control AKITA versus 107±27 μg/24hrs SMKO AKITA, P=NS). Albuminuria increased with age in both Control Akita and AT1B- null SMKO AKITA but without significant differences between the groups at 16wks (307±106 vs 313±117 μg/24hrs; P=NS) or 24wks (494±236 versus 730±217 μg/24hrs; P=NS), despite a trend toward higher albuminuria in AT1B- null SMKO AKITAs. There was no significant difference in GFR (using FITC-inulin) between non-diabetic Control and AT1B- null SMKO (15.6±1.2 vs 14.8±0.8 μl/min/g BW), and hyperfiltration was observed in both Control AKITA (23.7±2.4 μl/min/g BW; P=0.003) and AT1B- null SMKO AKITA mice (20.7±1.7 μl/min/g BW; P=0.01) relative to their non-diabetic comparators. However, there was no significant difference in GFR between ControlAKITA and AT1B- null SMKO AKITA (P=NS). Finally we measured mRNA levels of putative kidney injury markers by RTqPCR and found no differences in levels of Col1A1 , NGAL , or TGFB1 mRNA between Control AKITA and AT1B null SMKO AKITA. Our studies indicate that the absence of vascular AT1R responses is not sufficient to reduce albuminuria and prevent hyperfiltration in a mouse model of DN. This suggests that blockade of AT1R in other cell lineages may contribute to beneficial actions of ARBs in DN.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the impact of orally administered carbohydrates on postprandial blood glucose levels in different pre-clinical models

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Any de Castro Ruiz Marques ◽  
Fabiana Percinoto Monteiro Schiavon ◽  
Patricia Batista Travassos ◽  
Vanessa Fontana Eik ◽  
Guilherme Godoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Clinical Models ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Effect of Moderate Glycemic Energy Bar Consumption on Blood Glucose and Mood in Dancers

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derrick Brown ◽  
Matthew Wyon
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Contemporary Dance ◽  
Dance Class ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Energy Bar ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

Ingesting quality carbohydrates has been shown to be essential for dancers. Given that most dance classes take place in the morning, it has been recommended that dancers eat a well-balanced breakfast containing carbohydrates, fats, and protein as a means of fueling this activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a moderate glycemic index energy (MGI) bar or a fasting condition on dancers’ blood glucose levels and perceived pleasure-displeasure response during the first dance class of the day. In a randomized counterbalanced design, 10 female preprofessional dance students took their regular scheduled contemporary dance class, on four separate occasions. On each occasion, they consumed either a commercially prepared carbohydrate (CHO)-dense energy bar (47.3 g CHO) or water (FAST). Plasma glucose responses and pleasure-displeasure affect were measured before and at two time points during the class. Dancers who consumed the MGI bar had significantly greater peak blood glucose levels at all time points than those who fasted (p<0.05). Regarding affective state measures, participants who had breakfast had significantly greater pleasure scores than those who only ingested water (p<0.05). In conclusion, results suggest that CHO with an MGI value positively impacts blood glucose concentrations during a dance class. Further, we conclude that skipping breakfast can have an unfavorable effect on the pleasure-displeasure state of dancers. These findings highlight the impact of breakfast on how one feels, as well as the physiological and metabolic benefits of CHO as an exogenous energy source in dancers.

Acute hypoxia in a simulated high-altitude airdrop scenario due to oxygen system failure

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 1443-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Ottestad ◽  
Tor Are Hansen ◽  
Gaurav Pradhan ◽  
Jan Stepanek ◽  
Lars Øivind Høiseth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Cerebral Oximetry ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
System Failure ◽  
Oxygen System ◽  
Simulated High Altitude ◽  
Oxygen Tensions

High-Altitude High Opening (HAHO) is a military operational procedure in which parachute jumps are performed at high altitude requiring supplemental oxygen, putting personnel at risk of acute hypoxia in the event of oxygen equipment failure. This study was initiated by the Norwegian Army to evaluate potential outcomes during failure of oxygen supply, and to explore physiology during acute severe hypobaric hypoxia. A simulated HAHO without supplemental oxygen was carried out in a hypobaric chamber with decompression to 30,000 ft (9,144 m) and then recompression to ground level with a descent rate of 1,000 ft/min (305 m/min). Nine subjects were studied. Repeated arterial blood gas samples were drawn throughout the entire hypoxic exposure. Additionally, pulse oximetry, cerebral oximetry, and hemodynamic variables were monitored. Desaturation evolved rapidly and the arterial oxygen tensions are among the lowest ever reported in volunteers during acute hypoxia. PaO2 decreased from baseline 18.4 (17.3–19.1) kPa, 138.0 (133.5–143.3) mmHg, to a minimum value of 3.3 (2.9–3.7) kPa, 24.8 (21.6–27.8) mmHg, after 180 (60–210) s, [median (range)], N = 9. Hyperventilation with ensuing hypocapnia was associated with both increased arterial oxygen saturation and cerebral oximetry values, and potentially improved tolerance to severe hypoxia. One subject had a sharp drop in heart rate and cardiac index and lost consciousness 4 min into the hypoxic exposure. A simulated high-altitude airdrop scenario without supplemental oxygen results in extreme hypoxemia and may result in loss of consciousness in some individuals. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to investigate physiology and clinical outcome of oxygen system failure in a simulated HAHO scenario. The acquired knowledge is of great value to make valid risk-benefit analyses during HAHO training or operations. The arterial oxygen tensions reported in this hypobaric chamber study are among the lowest ever reported during acute hypoxia.

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