Beige Adipocyte As The Flame Of White Adipose Tissue: Regulation Of Browning And Impact Of Obesity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alev Eroglu Altinova
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Beige Adipocyte ◽  
The Third ◽  
Excess Adiposity ◽  
Beige Adipocytes ◽  
New Type ◽  
Per Se

Abstract Beige adipocyte, the third and relatively new type of adipocyte, can emerge in white adipose tissue (WAT) under thermogenic stimulations that is termed as browning of WAT. Recent studies suggest that browning of WAT deserves more attention and therapies targeting browning of WAT can be helpful for reducing obesity. Beyond the major inducers of browning, namely cold and β3-adrenergic stimulation, beige adipocytes are affected by several factors, and excess adiposity per se may also influence the browning process. The objective of the present review is to provide an overview of recent clinical and preclinical studies on the hormonal and non-hormonal factors that affect the browning of WAT. This review further focuses on the role of obesity per se on browning process.

scholarly journals Comparative analyses of chromatin landscape in white adipose tissue suggest humans may have less beigeing potential than other primates

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devjanee Swain-Lenz ◽  
Alejandro Berrio ◽  
Alexias Safi ◽  
Gregory E. Crawford ◽  
Gregory A. Wray
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sequence Motif ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Regulatory Regions ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
White Adipocytes ◽  
Beige Adipocytes

AbstractHumans carry a much larger percentage of body fat than other primates. Despite the central role of adipose tissue in metabolism, little is known about the evolution of white adipose tissue in primates. Phenotypic divergence is often caused by genetic divergence in cis-regulatory regions. We examined the cis-regulatory landscape of fat during human origins by performing comparative analyses of chromatin accessibility in human and chimpanzee adipose tissue using macaque as an outgroup. We find that many cis-regulatory regions that are specifically closed in humans are under positive selection, located near genes involved with lipid metabolism, and contain a short sequence motif involved in the beigeing of fat, the process in which white adipocytes are transdifferentiated into beige adipocytes. While the primary role of white adipocytes is to store lipids, beige adipocytes are thermogeneic. The collective closing of many putative regulatory regions associated with beiging of fat suggests an adaptive mechanism that increases body fat in humans.

scholarly journals Egr1 loss-of-function promotes beige adipocyte differentiation and activation specifically in inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Bléher ◽  
Berbang Meshko ◽  
Isabelle Cacciapuoti ◽  
Rachel Gergondey ◽  
Yoann Kovacs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Beige Adipocyte ◽  
Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Beige Adipocytes

Abstract In mice, exercise, cold exposure and fasting lead to the differentiation of inducible-brown adipocytes, called beige adipocytes, within white adipose tissue and have beneficial effects on fat burning and metabolism, through heat production. This browning process is associated with an increased expression of the key thermogenic mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1, Ucp1. Egr1 transcription factor has been described as a regulator of white and beige differentiation programs, and Egr1 depletion is associated with a spontaneous increase of subcutaneous white adipose tissue browning, in absence of external stimulation. Here, we demonstrate that Egr1 mutant mice exhibit a restrained Ucp1 expression specifically increased in subcutaneous fat, resulting in a metabolic shift to a more brown-like, oxidative metabolism, which was not observed in other fat depots. In addition, Egr1 is necessary and sufficient to promote white and alter beige adipocyte differentiation of mouse stem cells. These results suggest that modulation of Egr1 expression could represent a promising therapeutic strategy to increase energy expenditure and to restrain obesity-associated metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Egr1 loss-of-function promotes beige adipocyte differentiation and activation specifically in inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Bléher ◽  
Berbang Meshko ◽  
Rachel Gergondey ◽  
Yoann Kovacs ◽  
Delphine Duprez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Beige Adipocyte ◽  
Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Beige Adipocytes

AbstractExercise, cold exposure and fasting lead to the differentiation of inducible-brown adipocytes, called beige adipocytes, within white adipose tissue and have beneficial effects on fat burning and metabolism, through heat production. This browning process is associated with an increased expression of the key thermogenic mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1, Ucp1. Egr1 transcription factor has been described as a regulator of white and beige differentiation programs, and Egr1 depletion is associated with a spontaneous increase of subcutaneous white adipose tissue browning, in absence of external stimulation. Here, we demonstrate that Egr1 mutant mice exhibit a restrained Ucp1 expression specifically increased in subcutaneous fat, resulting in a metabolic shift to a more brown-like, oxidative metabolism, which was not observed in other fat depots. In addition, Egr1 is necessary and sufficient to promote white and alter beige adipocyte differentiation of mouse stem cells. These results suggest that modulation of Egr1 expression could represent a promising therapeutic strategy to increase energy expenditure and to restrain obesity-associated metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Towards a Better Understanding of Beige Adipocyte Plasticity

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Paulo ◽  
Biao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Beige Adipocyte ◽  
Beige Adipocytes

Beige adipocytes are defined as Ucp1+, multilocular adipocytes within white adipose tissue (WAT) that are capable of thermogenesis, the process of heat generation. In both mouse models and humans, the increase of beige adipocyte population, also called WAT browning, is associated with certain metabolic benefits, such as reduced obesity and increased insulin sensitivity. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding WAT browning, with a special focus on the beige adipocyte plasticity, collectively referring to a bidirectional transition between thermogenic active and latent states in response to environmental changes. We further exploit the utility of a unique beige adipocyte ablation system to interrogate anti-obesity effect of beige adipocytes in vivo.

scholarly journals Emerging Roles for Browning of White Adipose Tissue in Prostate Cancer Malignant Behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5560
Author(s):  
Alejandro Álvarez-Artime ◽  
Belén García-Soler ◽  
Rosa María Sainz ◽  
Juan Carlos Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Endocrine Organs

In addition to its well-known role as an energy repository, adipose tissue is one of the largest endocrine organs in the organism due to its ability to synthesize and release different bioactive molecules. Two main types of adipose tissue have been described, namely white adipose tissue (WAT) with a classical energy storage function, and brown adipose tissue (BAT) with thermogenic activity. The prostate, an exocrine gland present in the reproductive system of most mammals, is surrounded by periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) that contributes to maintaining glandular homeostasis in conjunction with other cell types of the microenvironment. In pathological conditions such as the development and progression of prostate cancer, adipose tissue plays a key role through paracrine and endocrine signaling. In this context, the role of WAT has been thoroughly studied. However, the influence of BAT on prostate tumor development and progression is unclear and has received much less attention. This review tries to bring an update on the role of different factors released by WAT which may participate in the initiation, progression and metastasis, as well as to compile the available information on BAT to discuss and open a new field of knowledge about the possible protective role of BAT in prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Interactive effects of aging and aerobic capacity on energy metabolism–related metabolites of serum, skeletal muscle, and white adipose tissue

GeroScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haihui Zhuang ◽  
Sira Karvinen ◽  
Timo Törmäkangas ◽  
Xiaobo Zhang ◽  
Xiaowei Ojanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Whole Body Metabolism

AbstractAerobic capacity is a strong predictor of longevity. With aging, aerobic capacity decreases concomitantly with changes in whole body metabolism leading to increased disease risk. To address the role of aerobic capacity, aging, and their interaction on metabolism, we utilized rat models selectively bred for low and high intrinsic aerobic capacity (LCRs/HCRs) and compared the metabolomics of serum, muscle, and white adipose tissue (WAT) at two time points: Young rats were sacrificed at 9 months of age, and old rats were sacrificed at 21 months of age. Targeted and semi-quantitative metabolomics analysis was performed on the ultra-pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) platform. The effects of aerobic capacity, aging, and their interaction were studied via regression analysis. Our results showed that high aerobic capacity is associated with an accumulation of isovalerylcarnitine in muscle and serum at rest, which is likely due to more efficient leucine catabolism in muscle. With aging, several amino acids were downregulated in muscle, indicating more efficient amino acid metabolism, whereas in WAT less efficient amino acid metabolism and decreased mitochondrial β-oxidation were observed. Our results further revealed that high aerobic capacity and aging interactively affect lipid metabolism in muscle and WAT, possibly combating unfavorable aging-related changes in whole body metabolism. Our results highlight the significant role of WAT metabolism for healthy aging.

scholarly journals Chronic β3 adrenergic stimulation induced remodeling of white adipose tissue in mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris R Lindholm ◽  
Jake D. Bauwens ◽  
Rebecca L. Ertel ◽  
Jake D. Mulligan ◽  
Eric G. Schmuck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation

scholarly journals Adipose tissue-derived neurotrophic factor 3 regulates sympathetic innervation and thermogenesis in adipose tissue

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Cui ◽  
Jia Jing ◽  
Rui Wu ◽  
Qiang Cao ◽  
Fenfen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Neurite Growth ◽  
Sympathetic Neuron ◽  
Beige Adipocyte ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Neurotrophin 3 ◽  
Beige Adipocytes ◽  
Adipocyte Development

AbstractActivation of brown fat thermogenesis increases energy expenditure and alleviates obesity. Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is important in brown/beige adipocyte thermogenesis. Here we discover a novel fat-derived “adipokine” neurotrophic factor neurotrophin 3 (NTF3) and its receptor Tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TRKC) as key regulators of SNS growth and innervation in adipose tissue. NTF3 is highly expressed in brown/beige adipocytes, and potently stimulates sympathetic neuron neurite growth. NTF3/TRKC regulates a plethora of pathways in neuronal axonal growth and elongation. Adipose tissue sympathetic innervation is significantly increased in mice with adipocyte-specific NTF3 overexpression, but profoundly reduced in mice with TRKC haploinsufficiency (TRKC+/-). Increasing NTF3 via pharmacological or genetic approach promotes beige adipocyte development, enhances cold-induced thermogenesis and protects against diet-induced obesity (DIO); whereas TRKC+/- mice or SNS TRKC deficient mice are cold intolerant and prone to DIO. Thus, NTF3 is an important fat-derived neurotrophic factor regulating SNS innervation, energy metabolism and obesity.

AT1 receptor antagonist induces thermogenic beige adipocytes in the inguinal white adipose tissue of obese mice

Endocrine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 786-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francielle Graus-Nunes ◽  
Tamiris Lima Rachid ◽  
Felipe de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Sandra Barbosa-da-Silva ◽  
Vanessa Souza-Mello
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
At1 Receptor ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Beige Adipocytes
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