scholarly journals Risk of Complications in Children With Adrenal Insufficiency and Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A721-A721
Author(s):  
Manish Gope Raisingani
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Health Care Organizations ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Intubation Rate ◽  
Risk Of Mortality

Abstract Background: Adrenal insufficiency may put a person at higher risk with infections due to a lack of normal stress response by the body. Limited data has been available in pediatric adrenal insufficiency with Covid-19 Methods: We used TriNetX, with a large COVID-19 database, collecting real-time electronic medical records data. We compared children (0-18 years) who were diagnosed with Covid-19 with and without Adrenal insufficiency. This database collected information from 54 health care organizations Results: Mortality rate in children with Covid-19 and Adrenal insufficiency was 2.246% (19/846). Mortality rate in children with Covid-19 without adrenal insufficiency was 0.097 % (244/252211). Relative risk of mortality for children with Covid-19 and Adrenal insufficiency was 23.2 with a p value of < 0.0001. Endotracheal intubation rate in children with Covid-19 and Adrenal insufficiency was 1.418% (12/846). Endotracheal intubation rate in children with Covid-19 without Adrenal insufficiency was 0.065% (165/252211). Relative risk of endotracheal intubation for children with Covid-19 and Adrenal insufficiency was 21.68 with a p value of < 0.0001. Sepsis rate in children with Covid-19 and Adrenal insufficiency was 6.974% (59/846). Sepsis rate in children with Covid-19 without Adrenal insufficiency was 0.274% (691/252211). Relative risk of sepsis for children with Covid-19 and Adrenal insufficiency was 25.45 with a p value of < 0.00001. Conclusion: Mortality rate, endotracheal and sepsis showed increased association in children with Adrenal insufficiency and Covid-19 versus children with Covid-19 and no Adrenal insufficiency. Further studies with larger sample size are needed to study complication rates of Covid-19 and Adrenal insufficiency.

scholarly journals Risk of Complications in Children With Type 1 Diabetes and Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A62-A62
Author(s):  
Manish Gope Raisingani
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Shock Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Intubation Rate ◽  
Risk Of Mortality

Abstract Background: There is some data available in adults which suggests that Type 1 diabetes may be associated with higher risk with Covid-19 (1). Limited data has been available in pediatric Type 1 diabetes with Covid-19. Methods: We used TriNetX, with a large COVID-19 database, collecting real-time electronic medical records data. We compared children (0–18 years) who were diagnosed with Covid-19 with and without Type 1 diabetes. This database collected information from 54 health care organizations. Results: Mortality rate in children with Covid-19 and Type 1 diabetes was 0.618% (10/1618). Mortality rate in children with Covid-19 without Type 1 diabetes was 0.102% (257/251517). Relative risk of mortality for children with Covid-19 and Type 1 diabetes was 6.05 with a p value of < 0.0001. Endotracheal intubation rate in children with Covid-19 and Type 1 diabetes was 0.618% (10/1618). Endotracheal intubation rate in children with Covid-19 without Type 1 diabetes was 0.071% (178/251517). Relative risk of endotracheal intubation for children with Covid-19 and Type 1 diabetes was 8.73 with a p value of < 0.0001. Pneumonia rate in children with Covid-19 and Type 1 diabetes was 0.804% (13/1618). Pneumonia rate in children with Covid-19 without Type 1 diabetes was 0.562% (1414/251517). Relative risk of pneumonia for children with Covid-19 and Type 1 diabetes was 1.43 with a p value of < 0.1959. Septic shock rate in children with Covid-19 and Type 1 diabetes was 1.05% (17/1618). Septic shock rate in children with Covid-19 without Type 1 diabetes was 0.293% (737/251517). Relative risk of septic shock for children with Covid-19 and Type 1 diabetes was 3.59 with a p value of < 0.00001. Conclusion: Mortality rate, endotracheal and septic shock were increased in children with Type 1 diabetes and Covid-19 versus children with Covid-19 and no Type 1 diabetes. Further studies with larger sample size are needed to study complication rate of Covid-19 and Type 1 diabetes. References 1) Associations of type 1 and type 2 diabetes with COVID-19-related mortality in England: a whole-population study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020 Oct;8(10):813–822. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30272-2. Epub 2020 Aug 13.

scholarly journals Association of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference with All-Cause Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1289
Author(s):  
Chang Seong Kim ◽  
Kyung-Do Han ◽  
Hong Sang Choi ◽  
Eun Hui Bae ◽  
Seong Kwon Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
National Health Insurance System ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Nationally Representative

In this study based on a large nationally representative sample of Korean adults, we investigated the potential associations of the body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis. We obtained the data of 18,699 participants >20 years of age who were followed up with for 4 years and for whom BMI and WC information were available, using a nationally representative dataset from the Korean National Health Insurance System. Patients were stratified into five levels by their baseline BMI and into six levels by their WC (5-cm increments). A total of 4975 deaths occurred during a median follow-up period of 48.2 months. Participants with a higher BMI had a lower mortality rate than those with a lower BMI. In a fully adjusted Cox regression analysis, being overweight and obese was associated with a significantly lower relative risk of all-cause mortality relative to the reference group. Conversely, the mortality rate was higher among participants with a high WC than among those with a low WC. Participants with the highest WC had a higher risk of mortality, while those with the lowest WC level had a significantly lower risk of mortality. In conclusion, all-cause mortality was positively associated with WC, a measure of abdominal obesity, and inversely associated with BMI, a measure of body volume, in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

scholarly journals The relative risk of mortality to the population on the Krasnoyarsk in the period when the air quality standards are exceeded

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Chernykh ◽  
E.N. Bel’skaia ◽  
O.V. Taseiko
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
The City ◽  
Relative Risk Model

A study was carried out to assess the effect of concentrations of particulate matter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde (F) exceeding the MPC on the mortality rate of the population of the city of Krasnoyarsk for 10 years (from 2000 to 2004 and from 2014 to 2018). The relative increase in mortality from exposure to the pollutants under study was determined using the relative risk model.

scholarly journals Reduced cardiorespiratory fitness is a mediator of excess all-cause mortality in rheumatoid arthritis: the Trøndelag Health Study

RMD Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e001545
Author(s):  
Marthe Halsan Liff ◽  
Mari Hoff ◽  
Ulrik Wisloff ◽  
Vibeke Videm
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Excess Relative Risk ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality

ObjectivesInvestigate if low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was associated with and acted as a mediator of excess all-cause mortality rate in persons suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with the general population.MethodsAll-cause mortality was analysed using Cox regression modelling in patients with RA (n=348) and controls (n=60 938) who took part in the second (1995–1997) and third (2006–2008) waves of the longitudinal population-based Trøndelag Health Study in Norway. A mediation analysis was performed to investigate if excess relative risk of mortality in RA was mediated by low estimated CRF (eCRF).ResultsDuring the follow-up until 31 December 2018 (mean 19.3 years), the mortality rate among patients with RA (n=127, 36.5%) was higher than among controls (n=12 942, 21.2%) (p<0.001). Among controls and patients with RA, 51% and 26%, respectively, had eCRF above the median for their age and sex (p<0.001). The final Cox model included RA status and eCRF, adjusted for hypertension, body mass index, smoking, cholesterol, diabetes and creatinine. eCRF below median for sex and age category was associated with increased mortality (p<0.001). The total excess relative risk of mortality in patients with RA was 28% (95% CI 2% to 55%, p=0.035), in which RA itself contributed 5% and the direct and indirect contributions of low eCRF accounted for 23%.ConclusionsLow eCRF was an important mediator of the increased all-cause mortality rate found in RA. Our data indicate that patients with RA should be given advice to perform physical activity that increases CRF, along with optimised treatment with antirheumatic drugs, from the time of diagnosis.

scholarly journals Epidemiology, outcomes, and utilization of intensive care unit resources for critically ill COVID-19 patients in Libya: A prospective multi-center cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0251085
Author(s):  
Muhammed Elhadi ◽  
Ahmed Alsoufi ◽  
Abdurraouf Abusalama ◽  
Akram Alkaseek ◽  
Saedah Abdeewi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Sofa Score ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Risk Of Mortality

Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has severely affected African countries, specifically the countries, such as Libya, that are in constant conflict. Clinical and laboratory information, including mortality and associated risk factors in relation to hospital settings and available resources, about critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Africa is not available. This study aimed to determine the mortality and morbidity of COVID-19 patients in intensive care units (ICU) following 60 days after ICU admission, and explore the factors that influence in‐ICU mortality rate. Methods This is a multicenter prospective observational study among COVID-19 critical care patients in 11 ICUs in Libya from May 29th to December 30th 2020. Basic demographic data, clinical characteristics, laboratory values, admission Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, quick SOFA, and clinical management were analyzed. Result We included 465 consecutive COVID-19 critically ill patients. The majority (67.1%) of the patients were older than 60 years, with a median (IQR) age of 69 (56.5–75); 240 (51.6%) were male. At 60 days of follow-up, 184 (39.6%) were discharged alive, while 281 (60.4%) died in the intensive care unit. The median (IQR) ICU length of stay was 7 days (4–10) and non-survivors had significantly shorter stay, 6 (3–10) days. The body mass index was 27.9 (24.1–31.6) kg/m2. At admission to the intensive care unit, quick SOFA median (IQR) score was 1 (1–2), whereas total SOFA score was 6 (4–7). In univariate analysis, the following parameters were significantly associated with increased/decreased hazard of mortality: increased age, BMI, white cell count, neutrophils, procalcitonin, cardiac troponin, C-reactive protein, ferritin, fibrinogen, prothrombin, and d-dimer levels were associated with higher risk of mortality. Decreased lymphocytes, and platelet count were associated with higher risk of mortality. Quick SOFA and total SOFA scores increase, emergency intubation, inotrope use, stress myocardiopathy, acute kidney injury, arrythmia, and seizure were associated with higher mortality. Conclusion Our study reported the highest mortality rate (60.4%) among critically ill patients with COVID-19 60 days post-ICU admission. Several factors were found to be predictive of mortality, which may help to identify patients at risk of mortality during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

BODY TEMPERATURE AS A NEW PREDICTOR OF MORTALITY IN HEAD TRAUMA PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Nor Hayatunnisa ◽  
Rismia Agustina ◽  
Oski Illiandri
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Trauma Patient ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Elevated Body Temperature

Head trauma is a neurological emergency that has fairly complex impacts such as physical, cognitive, psychosocial functioning, temporary care. Sixty-five percent of patients with head trauma experience elevated body temperature. Any increase in body temperature by 1 ℃ can have a 5% effect on brain blood flow which lead patients to mortality. Nurses are responsible for patients who experience increased body temperature, especially in providing professional nursing care. The purpose of this research is to know the correlation of body with mortality of head trauma patient at RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin. This research uses non probability sampling method with consecutive sampling technique. The study was conducted in December 2017-January 2018 using an observation sheet. The data analysis shows the p value of 0.003 <0.05 which indicates that H0 is rejected means there is a correlation between the body and the mortality of the head trauma patient at Ulin Banjarmasin Hospital. The higher the patient's body temperature the more likely it is to be at risk of mortality.

scholarly journals Socio-clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Pandemic in Anbar Governorate, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazim Ghazzay ◽  
Raid M. Al-Ani ◽  
Mothana A. Khalil ◽  
Ahmed Faeq Hammad
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
P Value ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: The pandemic COVID-19 disease has a massive impact on the whole world. There is a variation in clinical symptoms in different countries. In addition, there is a wide range of symptoms that involve most of the systems in the body including the respiratory system. However, there is no classical presentation of this devastating disease.Objective: To describe the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection in Anbar Governorate, Iraq.Patients and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Anbar Governorate, Iraq. The study covered the period from 1st of May to 30th of June 2020. All cases were confirmed by Real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data concerning the age, gender, residence, occupation, clinical symptoms, smoking, history of systemic diseases, and the fate of the disease were collected from patients’ records. Results: Out of 481 patients, there were 259 males (53.8%). The age ranged from 12–104 years with a mean age of 45.7 ±16.11. The majority of the subjects were in the age group 36-58 years (n=204; 42.4%), urban (n=318; 66.1%), non-healthcare worker (n=447; 92.9%), and non-smoker (n=440; 91.5%). The main complaint was fever (n=300; 64.2%). The mortality rate was 5.6% (n=27). The increasing age, male gender, and patients with a history of systemic illnesses showed an increased impact on the death rate (P-value<0.05). While residence, occupation, and smoking didn't show a statistically significant difference (P-value>0.05).Conclusion: The fatality rate was 5.6%. Fever was the main feature of the COVID-19 infection. The elderly, males, and individuals with systemic diseases showed higher mortality rate.

Efektivitas Aroma Terapi Lemon untuk Menangani Emesis Gravidarum

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-284
Author(s):  
Vitrianingsih Vitrianingsih ◽  
Sitti Khadijah
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
P Value ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Paired T Test

Studi memperkirakan emesis gravidarum terjadi pada 50-90% kehamilan. Mual muntah pada kehamilan memberikan dampak yang signifikan bagi tubuh dimana ibu menjadi lemah, pucat dan cairan tubuh berkurang sehingga darah menjadi kental (hemokonsentrasi). Keadaan ini dapat memperlambat peredaran darah dan berakibat pada kurangnya suplay oksigen serta makanan ke jaringan sehingga dapat membahayakan kesehatan ibu dan janin. Salah satu terapi yang aman dan dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi keluahan mual muntah pada ibu hamil adalah pemberian aromaterapi lemon. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas aroma terapi lemon untuk menangani emesis gravidarum. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan Quasi experiment  dengan  one group pre-post test design. Populasi penelitian adalah ibu hamil yang mengalami emesis gravidarum di Kecamatan Berbah, Sleman. Jumlah sampel 20 ibu hamil trimester pertama yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Pengukuran mual muntah dilakukan debelum dan setelah  pemberian aromaterapi lemon menggunakan Indeks Rhodes. Analisa data menggunakan uji Paired t-test. Hasil penelitian didapatkan rata-rata skor mual muntah sebelum pemberian aromaterapi lemon berdasarkan Indeks Rhodes pada Ibu Hamil dengan emesis gravidarum yaitu 22,1 dan terjadi penurunan skor setelah pemberian aromaterapi lemon menjadi 19,8. Ada pengaruh pemberian aromaterapi lemon dengan pengurangan mual muntah pada ibu hamil (p-value = 0.017). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan pemberian aromaterapi lemon efektif untuk mengurangi emesis gravidarum pada ibu hamil trimester pertama.  Kata kunci: aromaterapi lemon, emesis gravidarum THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEMON AROMATHERAPY FOR HANDLING EMESIS GRAVIDARUM   ABSTRACT Studies estimate that nausea and vomiting (emesis gravidarum) occur in 50 – 90% of pregnancies. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy have a significant impact on the body in which it makes a mother becomes weak, pale, and decreasing body fluid so that the blood becomes thick (hemoconcentration). This situation can slow down blood circulation and inflict the lack of oxygen and food supplies to the body tissues so that it can endanger the health of the mother and fetus. One of the therapies that is safe and can be conducted to reduce nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is by giving the lemon aromatherapy treatment. The research aims to determine the effectiveness of the aroma of lemon therapy to deal with emesis gravidarum. This study applied quasi-experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design. The population of this study was pregnant women who experienced emesis gravidarum. Furthermore, samples were 20 mothers from Berbah, Sleman taken by using a purposive sampling technique. Nausea and vomiting were assessed between before and after giving lemon aromatherapy using the Rhodes Index. The data were analyzed using the paired t-test. The mean score of nausea and vomiting before giving lemon aromatherapy on mother with emesis gravidarum based on the Rhodes Index was 22.1. However, it decreased after given lemon aromatherapy treatment to 19.8. Therefore, there was an effect on giving lemon aromatherapy treatment toward the decrease of nausea and vomiting for pregnant women (p-value = 0.017). Lemon aromatherapy is effective to reduce emesis gravidarum.  Keywords: lemon aromatherapy, emesis gravidarum

EFEKTIFITAS KONSELING LAKTASI PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN MENYUSUI

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Heni Purwaningsih ◽  
Umi Aniroh ◽  
Eko Mardiyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Emotional Bonding ◽  
Post Test

Program pembangunan kesehatan di Indonesia masih berfokus pada upaya peningkatan derajat kesehatan ibu dan anak terutama pada masa prenatal. Hal ini disebabkan masih tingginya Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) dan Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB). ASI yang diberikan sejak usia dini dan dilanjutkan dengan ASI eksklusif selama 6 bulan dapat menurunkan angka kesakitan dan angka kematian bayi serta meningkatkan tumbuh kembang bayi secara optimal.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas pemberian konseling laktasi terhadap pelaksanaan menyusui pada ibu hamil trimester III. Desain penelitian menggunakan quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan One Group Pre-test dan  Post-test Desain. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu hamil trimester III dan sampel yang diambil adalah 18 ibu hamil. Alat penggumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi BREAST (body position, respons, emotional bonding, anatomy dan sucking time). Analisis data menggunakan wilcoxon.Hasil penelitian didapatkan pelaksanaan menyusui sebelum dilakukan konseling laktasi dalam kategori kurang (72,2%) sedangkan pelaksanaan menyusui setelah dilakukan konseling laktasi (77,8%) dalam kategori baik. Konseling laktasi efektif dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pelaksanaan menyusui denganp-value 0,003 (p<0,005).Konseling laktasi seharusnya diberikan pada masa prenatal sehingga pada saat postpartum, ibu sudah mampu memberikan asi secara maksimal. Pendampingan terhadap ibu hamil juga berperan dalam pelaksanaan pemberian ASI.   Kata kunci : Konseling laktasi, ASI, pelaksanaan menyusui   THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LACTATION COUNSELING IN THE 3rd TRIMESTER PREGNANT WOMEN ON BREASTFEEDING IMPLEMENTATION   ABSTRACT Indonesia's health development program still focuses on improving mother and child health, especially at the prenatal stage. It is due to the high maternal mortality rate (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR). Breastmilk given from an early age and continued with exclusive breastfeeding for six months can reduce infants morbidity and mortality rate and increase their optimal growth. The purpose is to investigate the effectiveness of lactation counseling to the implementation of breastfeeding in third-trimester. The study design used quasi experiments with one group pre-test and post-test. Population was the 3rd-trimester pregnant mothers, and the samples were 18 mothers. The data collection tool used BREAST observation sheets (body position, response, emotional bonding, anatomy and sucking time). Data analysis used Wilcoxon. The result of the research shows that breastfeeding before lactation counseling is in less category (72,2%) while breastfeeding after lactation counseling (77,8%) is in a goodcategory. Effective lactation counseling is performed to improve the implementation of breastfeeding with p-value 0.003 (p <0.005). Lactation counseling should be given during the prenatal period so that at the time of postpartum, the mother has been able to give breastmilk maximally. Mentoring for pregnant women also plays a role in the implementation of breastfeeding Keywords: lactation counseling, breast milk, breastfeeding implementation

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