scholarly journals Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography in Neuromyelitis Optica

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. e1068
Author(s):  
Frederike Cosima Oertel ◽  
Svenja Specovius ◽  
Hanna G. Zimmermann ◽  
Claudia Chien ◽  
Seyedamirhosein Motamedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Retinal Damage ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Aquaporin 4 Antibody

Background and ObjectivesTo determine optic nerve and retinal damage in aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-IgG)-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) in a large international cohort after previous studies have been limited by small and heterogeneous cohorts.MethodsThe cross-sectional Collaborative Retrospective Study on retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) in neuromyelitis optica collected retrospective data from 22 centers. Of 653 screened participants, we included 283 AQP4-IgG–seropositive patients with NMOSD and 72 healthy controls (HCs). Participants underwent OCT with central reading including quality control and intraretinal segmentation. The primary outcome was thickness of combined ganglion cell and inner plexiform (GCIP) layer; secondary outcomes were thickness of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and visual acuity (VA).ResultsEyes with ON (NMOSD-ON, N = 260) or without ON (NMOSD-NON, N = 241) were assessed compared with HCs (N = 136). In NMOSD-ON, GCIP layer (57.4 ± 12.2 μm) was reduced compared with HC (GCIP layer: 81.4 ± 5.7 μm, p < 0.001). GCIP layer loss (−22.7 μm) after the first ON was higher than after the next (−3.5 μm) and subsequent episodes. pRNFL observations were similar. NMOSD-NON exhibited reduced GCIP layer but not pRNFL compared with HC. VA was greatly reduced in NMOSD-ON compared with HC eyes, but did not differ between NMOSD-NON and HC.DiscussionOur results emphasize that attack prevention is key to avoid severe neuroaxonal damage and vision loss caused by ON in NMOSD. Therapies ameliorating attack-related damage, especially during a first attack, are an unmet clinical need. Mild signs of neuroaxonal changes without apparent vision loss in ON-unaffected eyes might be solely due to contralateral ON attacks and do not suggest clinically relevant progression but need further investigation.

scholarly journals Peripapillary and parafoveal vascular network assessment by optical coherence tomography angiography in aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 789-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongheng Huang ◽  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Jingzi ZhangBao ◽  
Tongjia Cai ◽  
Bei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Aquaporin 4 ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Spectral Domain Oct ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Aquaporin 4 Antibody

Background/aimsCurrent understanding of the alterations in the retinal vascular network in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) is limited. We aim to assess the peripapillary and parafoveal vessel density in aquaporin-4 antibody-positive NMOSD patients by optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography.MethodsA total of 55 aquaporin-4 antibody-positive NMOSD patients with or without a history of optic neuritis (ON) and 33 healthy controls underwent spectral domain OCT and OCT angiography. Clinical histories, Expanded Disability Status Scale score, visual functional system score (VFSS) and disease duration were collected.ResultsPeripapillary and parafoveal vessel density was significantly decreased in NMOSD eyes with or without a history of ON. The decrease in retinal vessel density could occur before ON and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) atrophy. Peripapillary vessel density correlated well with the spectral domain OCT measurements and VFSS in NMOSD eyes with a history of ON.ConclusionSubclinical primary retinal vasculopathy may occur in NMOSD prior to ON and RNFL atrophy. Peripapillary vessel density might be a sensitive predictor of visual outcomes in NMOSD patients with ON.

scholarly journals Optical Coherence Tomography Reveals Longitudinal Changes in Retinal Damage Under Different Treatments for Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Zeng ◽  
Chen Du ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Dongmei Jia ◽  
Feng Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Ganglion Cell Complex ◽  
Retinal Damage ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Acute Optic Neuritis

Background: Progressive retinal neuroaxonal damage after acute optic neuritis may occur in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). However, it is unclear if treatments used to prevent attacks influence neurodegeneration.Objectives: We aimed to investigate retinal damage in patients treated with disease-modifying drugs in a longitudinal study.Methods: We retrospectively included 50 patients with aquaporin 4-antibody-seropositive NMOSD. Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC) thickness, total macular volume (TMV), and optic disc measures were acquired by spectral domain optical coherence tomography in patients treated with tocilizumab, rituximab, and azathioprine.Results: Longitudinally, in eyes with a history of ON (NMOSDON+), we observed annual thinning of mGCC [tocilizumab: −1.77 (−3.44, −0.09) μm, p = 0.041; rituximab: −2.03 (−3.58, −0.48) μm, p = 0.017; azathioprine: −1.79 (−2.22, −1.37) μm, p &lt; 0.001], and pRNFL [tocilizumab: −2.07 (−0.75, −3.39) μm, p = 0.005; rituximab: −2.18 (−0.36, −4.00) μm, p = 0.023; azathioprine: −2.37 (−0.98, −3.75) μm, p = 0.003], reduced TMV [tocilizumab: −0.12 (−0.22, −0.01) mm3, p = 0.028; rituximab: −0.15 (−0.21, −0.08) mm3, p = 0.001; azathioprine: −0.12 (−0.20, −0.04) mm3, p = 0.006], and increased cup area [tocilizumab: 0.08 (−0.01, 0.16) mm2, p = 0.010; rituximab: 0.07 (0.01, 0.12) mm2, p = 0.019; azathioprine: 0.14 (0.02, 0.26) mm2, p = 0.023]. However, we detected no significant differences in annual changes in mGCC, pRNFL, TMV, and cup area between patients with tocilizumab, rituximab, and azathioprine in NMOSDON+ eyes. NMOSDON− eyes did not display mGCC or pRNFL thinning in patients treated with tocilizumab and rituximab. Intriguingly, we observed significant thinning of mGCC in patients treated with azathioprine compared with tocilizumab [−0.84 (−1.50, −0.18) μm vs. −0.19 (−0.87, 0.48) μm, p = 0.012] and rituximab [−0.84 (−1.50, −0.18) μm vs. −0.07 (−1.25, −2.51) μm, p = 0.015] in NMOSDON− eyes.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that retinal ganglion cell loss is independent of ON attacks in NMOSD. Tocilizumab and rituximab may delay mGCC thinning in NMOSDON− eyes compared with azathioprine.

Optical Coherence Tomography and Pattern Electroretinography Changes in Egyptian Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa S ElShaarawi ◽  
Ayman A Gaafar ◽  
Hisham S. Saad Eldin ◽  
Randa H Ali
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pattern Electroretinography

Abstract Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder that affects nearly 11.1-14.6 % of the population in their lifetime. Pathophysiology and brain imaging findings show that degenerative and inflammatory processes may play a role. Meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies in MDD demonstrated significant gray matter loss. From anatomical and embryological perspectives, the retina can be considered a unique extension of the brain and is able to reflect axonal histopathology. Being unmyelinated, it can provide insight into the pathophysiological processes of diseases with a neurodegenerative element. Aim to compare retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters in a group of MDD patients with a healthy control group and to correlate OCT parameters with pattern electroretinography (PERG) parameters. Method a controlled cross sectional study was conducted on 30 MDD patients and 28 age and sex matched controls. Both groups had a full ophthalmological examination, OCT imaging and 7 patients and 11 controls have PERG recorded. Results Thinning of the superior retinal nerve fiber layer, thinning of most of the ganglion cell inner plexiform (GCIP) layer, thinning of most of the macular thickness and thinning of macular volume in both eyes were detected. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the left GCIP layer and the amplitude of the N95 wave. Also a statistically significant negative correlation existed between MDD duration in years with the left eye's average volume of the outer ring of the macula. Conclusion Significant retinal changes were detected by OCT in MDD patients supporting the theory of neurodegeneration as a pathophysiology of MDD.

scholarly journals Cohort profile: a collaborative multicentre study of retinal optical coherence tomography in 539 patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (CROCTINO)

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e035397
Author(s):  
Svenja Specovius ◽  
Hanna G Zimmermann ◽  
Frederike Cosima Oertel ◽  
Claudia Chien ◽  
Charlotte Bereuter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Distinct Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Image Repository

PurposeOptical coherence tomography (OCT) captures retinal damage in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). Previous studies investigating OCT in NMOSD have been limited by the rareness and heterogeneity of the disease. The goal of this study was to establish an image repository platform, which will facilitate neuroimaging studies in NMOSD. Here we summarise the profile of the Collaborative OCT in NMOSD repository as the initial effort in establishing this platform. This repository should prove invaluable for studies using OCT to investigate NMOSD.ParticipantsThe current cohort includes data from 539 patients with NMOSD and 114 healthy controls. These were collected at 22 participating centres from North and South America, Asia and Europe. The dataset consists of demographic details, diagnosis, antibody status, clinical disability, visual function, history of optic neuritis and other NMOSD defining attacks, and OCT source data from three different OCT devices.Findings to dateThe cohort informs similar demographic and clinical characteristics as those of previously published NMOSD cohorts. The image repository platform and centre network continue to be available for future prospective neuroimaging studies in NMOSD. For the conduct of the study, we have refined OCT image quality criteria and developed a cross-device intraretinal segmentation pipeline.Future plansWe are pursuing several scientific projects based on the repository, such as analysing retinal layer thickness measurements, in this cohort in an attempt to identify differences between distinct disease phenotypes, demographics and ethnicities. The dataset will be available for further projects to interested, qualified parties, such as those using specialised image analysis or artificial intelligence applications.

scholarly journals Association of Myopia With Microvascular Alterations in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wen ◽  
Zijing Li ◽  
Jianhui Xiao ◽  
Xuane Liu ◽  
Yichi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Cross Sectional

Purpose: To determine the association of myopia with peripapillary and macular microvasculature in eyes with type 2 diabetes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods: Diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR) were recruited and grouped according to myopic status in this cross-sectional study. Axial length, refractive error, and OCTA parameters were measured. OCTA parameters were analyzed with adjustment of confounding factors and further Bonferroni analysis was performed to determine the differences in multiple group comparisons.Results: Compared with the diabetic eyes without myopia, those with myopia had lower rate of DR (21.82 vs. 35.90%, χ2 = 6.190, P = 0.013), longer axial lengths (24.94 ± 0.75 vs. 23.16 ± 0.64, F = 311.055, P &lt; 0.001) and reduced whole vessel density (VD) of optic nerve head (ONH) (45.89 ± 5.76 vs. 49.14 ± 4.33, F = 19.052, P &lt; 0.001), peripapillary VD (48.75 ± 6.56 vs. 50.76 ± 4.51, F = 7.600, P = 0.006), and reduced thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) (95.50 ± 12.35 vs. 100.67 ± 13.68, F = 5.020, P = 0.026). In eyes without myopia, the superficial vessel density (SVD) (46.58 ± 4.90 vs. 43.01 ± 4.25; 95% CI, 1.80–4.61; P &lt; 0.001), deep vessel density (DVD) (45.64 ± 6.34 vs. 42.15 ± 6.31; 95% CI, 1.07–5.00; P &lt; 0.001), and FD300 area density (50.31 ± 5.74 vs. 44.95 ± 6.96; 95% CI, 2.88–7.27; P &lt; 0.001) were significant reduced in eyes with DR(DR eyes) comparing to those without DR (NoDR eyes). In eyes with myopia, only SVD were significantly reduced in DR eyes comparing to NoDR eyes (41.68 ± 3.34 vs. 45.99 ± 4.17; 95% CI, 1.10–7.22; P = 0.002). In NoDR eyes, both whole VD of ONH and Peripapillary VD demonstrated a significant decrease in eyes with myopia comparing to those without myopia (49.91 ± 4.36 vs. 45.61 ± 6.32; 95% CI, 1.95–6.27; P &lt; 0.001 and 51.36 ± 4.24 vs. 48.52 ± 6.99; 95% CI, 0.56–5.11; P = 0.006, respectively).Conclusions: In diabetic patients, myopic eyes exhibited lower prevalence of DR and thinner thickness of RNFL. The refractive status could possibly impact the retinal microvascular changes from NoDR to DR stage.

scholarly journals Optical coherence tomography in diabetic macular edema: patterns and related risk factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Ahmadpour-Baghdadabad ◽  
Masoudreza Manaviat ◽  
Ahmad Shojaoddiny-Ardekani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Foveal Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) is an important cause of vision loss in diabetic retinopathy. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive modality that produces high-resolution images of retinal layers. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of DME patterns and their association with risk factors and visual acuity. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, type 2 diabetics with macular edema referred to our center during a ten-month period underwent OCT. Patients with macular edema due to causes other than diabetes and with OCT images of improper quality were excluded from the study. Four distinct patterns were found in the OCT images. A questionnaire including age, sex, duration of diabetes, serum TG and cholesterol, HbA1c, BMI and visual acuity, as well as the findings of OCT images were filled for the subjects. Results: Eighty-six eyes from 46 patients were evaluated. The most and the least common patterns were sponge-like retinal swelling (SLRS) and posterior hyaloidal traction (PHT) found in 64.0% and 5.8% of the subjects, respectively. A sub-retinal fluid pattern was more common in males (p=0.011) and in patients with serum TG > 200mg/dl (p=0.037). There were significant associations between central foveal (r=0.45, p<0.001), nasal (r=0.35, p=0.001) and temporal (r=0.32, p=0.003) thicknesses with visual acuity. Moreover, the highest thickness (462.4±119.2μm) and also the worst visual acuity (1.0±0.5logMAR) pertained to the cystoid macular edema (CME) pattern. Conclusion: Our study showed that the most common OCT pattern of DME is the sponge-like retinal swelling, while posterior hyaloidal traction has the lowest prevalence. A higher foveal thickness and a lower visual acuity are seen in the CME pattern. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(10): 190-194 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i2.8727

scholarly journals Optical Coherence Tomography in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica: An Update

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Noval ◽  
Inés Contreras ◽  
Silvia Muñoz ◽  
Celia Oreja-Guevara ◽  
Beatriz Manzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Axonal Loss ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Light Interference ◽  
Invaluable Tool ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) uses light interference patterns to produce a cross-sectional image of the retina. It is capable of measuring the unmyelinated axons of the retinal ganglionar cells as they converge on the optic disc. In a disease like multiple sclerosis (MS), in which axonal loss has been identified as an important cause of sustained disability, it may prove an invaluable tool. OCT has demonstrated that axonal loss occurs after each episode of optic neuritis and that the degree of axonal loss is correlated to visual outcomes. Furthermore, axonal loss occurs in MS even in the absence of inflammatory episodes, and the degree of this loss is correlated with the duration of the disease process, with more thinning as the disease advances and in progressive forms. Thus, OCT retinal nerve fiber layer measurements may represent an objective outcome measure with which to evaluate the effect of treatment.

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