scholarly journals Optimal Lockdown in a Commuting Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-522
Author(s):  
Pablo D. Fajgelbaum ◽  
Amit Khandelwal ◽  
Wookun Kim ◽  
Cristiano Mantovani ◽  
Edouard Schaal
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
York City ◽  
Spatial Epidemiology ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Optimal Dynamic

We study optimal dynamic lockdowns against COVID-19 within a commuting network. Our framework integrates canonical spatial epidemiology and trade models and is applied to cities with varying initial viral spread: Seoul, Daegu, and the New York City metropolitan area (NYM). Spatial lockdowns achieve substantially smaller income losses than uniform lockdowns. In the NYM and Daegu—with large initial shocks—the optimal lockdown restricts inflows to central districts before gradual relaxation, while in Seoul it imposes low temporal but large spatial variation. Actual commuting reductions were too weak in central locations in Daegu and the NYM and too strong across Seoul. (JEL H51, I12, I18, R23, R41)

scholarly journals Canine and human infection with Borrelia burgdorferi in the New York City metropolitan area

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian H. Herrin ◽  
Melissa J. Beall ◽  
Xiao Feng ◽  
Monica Papeş ◽  
Susan E. Little
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
York City ◽  
Human Infection

Examination of New York City Transit’s Bus and Subway Ridership Trends During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110288
Author(s):  
Anne Halvorsen ◽  
Daniel Wood ◽  
Darian Jefferson ◽  
Timon Stasko ◽  
Jack Hui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Relative Intensity ◽  
York City ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Partial Data

The New York City metropolitan area was hard hit by COVID-19, and the pandemic brought with it unprecedented challenges for New York City Transit. This paper addresses the techniques used to estimate dramatically changing ridership, at a time when previously dependable sources suddenly became unavailable (e.g., local bus payment data, manual field checks). The paper describes alterations to ridership models, as well as the expanding use of automated passenger counters, including validation of new technology and scaling to account for partial data availability. The paper then examines the trends in subway and bus ridership. Peak periods shifted by both time of day and relative intensity compared with the rest of the day, but not in the same way on weekdays and weekends. On average, trip distances became longer for subway and local bus routes, but overall average bus trip distances decreased owing to a drop in express bus usage. Subway ridership changes were compared with neighborhood demographic statistics and numerous correlations were identified, including with employment, income, and race and ethnicity. Other factors, such as the presence of hospitals, were not found to be significant.

Impacts of sea level rise in the New York City metropolitan area

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien Gornitz ◽  
Stephen Couch ◽  
Ellen K Hartig
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
York City

Urban Canopy Modeling of the New York City Metropolitan Area: A Comparison and Validation of Single- and Multilayer Parameterizations

2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 1906-1930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teddy Holt ◽  
Julie Pullen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
York City ◽  
Urban Canopy ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Surface Mixed Layer ◽  
Prediction System ◽  
Near Surface

Abstract High-resolution numerical simulations are conducted using the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS)1 with two different urban canopy parameterizations for a 23-day period in August 2005 for the New York City (NYC) metropolitan area. The control COAMPS simulations use the single-layer Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Urban Canopy Model (W-UCM) and sensitivity simulations use a multilayer urban parameterization based on Brown and Williams (BW-UCM). Both simulations use surface forcing from the WRF land surface model, Noah, and hourly sea surface temperature fields from the New York Harbor and Ocean Prediction System model hindcast. Mean statistics are computed for the 23-day period from 5 to 27 August (540-hourly observations) at five Meteorological Aviation Report stations for a nested 0.444-km horizontal resolution grid centered over the NYC metropolitan area. Both simulations show a cold mean urban canopy air temperature bias primarily due to an underestimation of nighttime temperatures. The mean bias is significantly reduced using the W-UCM (−0.10°C for W-UCM versus −0.82°C for BW-UCM) due to the development of a stronger nocturnal urban heat island (UHI; mean value of 2.2°C for the W-UCM versus 1.9°C for the BW-UCM). Results from a 24-h case study (12 August 2005) indicate that the W-UCM parameterization better maintains the UHI through increased nocturnal warming due to wall and road effects. The ground heat flux for the W-UCM is much larger during the daytime than for the BW-UCM (peak ∼300 versus 100 W m−2), effectively shifting the period of positive sensible flux later into the early evening. This helps to maintain the near-surface mixed layer at night in the W-UCM simulation and sustains the nocturnal UHI. In contrast, the BW-UCM simulation develops a strong nocturnal stable surface layer extending to approximately 50–75-m depth. Subsequently, the nocturnal BW-UCM wind speeds are a factor of 3–4 less than W-UCM with reduced nighttime turbulent kinetic energy (average < 0.1 m2 s−2). For the densely urbanized area of Manhattan, BW-UCM winds show more dependence on urbanization than W-UCM. The decrease in urban wind speed is most prominent for BW-UCM both in the day- and nighttime over lower Manhattan, with the daytime decrease generally over the region of tallest building heights while the nighttime decrease is influenced by both building height as well as urban fraction. In contrast, the W-UCM winds show less horizontal variation over Manhattan, particularly during the daytime. These results stress the importance of properly characterizing the urban morphology in urban parameterizations at high resolutions to improve the model’s predictive capability.

Participation of Parents in Programs for the Gifted in New York City

1984 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-191
Author(s):  
Geraldine D. Chapey ◽  
Teresa A. Trimarco
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Private School ◽  
York City ◽  
Gifted Children ◽  
Educational Programming ◽  
York Metropolitan Area ◽  
School Programs ◽  
Historical Relationship

The historical relationship between parents and the schools forms the background for this recent survey that examined the role that parents of gifted children now play in educational programming. Parents across the New York metropolitan area responded to survey items built on twenty-seven modes of participation. Analysis of the results included comparisons of responses by parents, officers in parent associations, and public/private school affiliations. The survey confirmed the hypothesis that parents of gifted/talented children have not yet achieved high rates of participation in these school programs.

Spatial Variation of Ragweed Pollen Across New York City

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 5316
Author(s):  
Kate Weinberger ◽  
Guy Robinson ◽  
Patrick Kinney
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
York City ◽  
Ragweed Pollen

Spatial Variation in Allergenic Pollen across New York City

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 2598
Author(s):  
Kate Weinberger* ◽  
Guy Robinson ◽  
Iyad Kheirbek ◽  
Thomas Matte ◽  
Patrick Kinney
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
York City ◽  
Allergenic Pollen

Energy and Environmental Assessment of Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles in the New York Metropolitan Area Using MATPOWER Power System Simulation Package

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Acquaviva ◽  
Earl Foster ◽  
Charles Ferdon ◽  
K. Max Zhang
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
York City ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
New York State ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
York Metropolitan Area ◽  
New York Metropolitan Area

The effects of plug-in hybrid vehicles in New York City could be substantial to the city’s efforts to achieve future climate change goals and environmental initiatives. This study focuses on these effects as they correlate to the energy supply system, transportation network, and air quality control. To accomplish this analysis a variety of techniques were used to model the transportation and electric networks around New York City. The transportation system is modeled through close manipulation of U.S Census Data collected in 2000 and 2003 in which citizens were asked questions pertaining to their daily journeys to work. The power grid for the Northeast Power Coordinating Council (NPCC) is modeled using a MATLAB program entitled MATPOWER developed by professors and students at Cornell University. By incorporating real-time load datum, this program has the capability of rendering accurate depictions of changes in power plant loads, emissions, and costs. In addition, the program will distinguish the type of energy used on the margin and locate the geographic region of that energy source. With this capability, the focus of this study surrounded three main objectives: to estimate market growth of PHEVs in the New York metropolitan area, investigate how fuel used to generate power changes with increase in demand, and to analyze the effects on emissions from cars and power plants. Initial analysis indicates that the introduction of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles into the New York City commuter fleet will have a net positive effect on reducing both total emissions and localized emissions around the city’s transportation infrastructure. At an ambitious rate of 20% PHEV penetration, New York could save nearly 625,000 gallons of gasoline per day. This is equivalent to 33,000 barrels of oil. At the current gasoline prices in New York State of $2.087 per gallon, this is a daily savings of $1.3 million dollars per day. In addition, at this penetration the PHEV’s would displace over 29,000 metric tonnes of net carbon dioxide per day.

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