scholarly journals Recent advances in developing disease resistance in plants

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuj Sharma ◽  
Jeffrey B. Jones ◽  
Frank F. White
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Genetic Techniques

Approaches to manipulating disease resistance in plants is expanding exponentially due to advances in our understanding of plant defense mechanisms and new tools for manipulating the plant genome. The application of effective strategies is only limited now by adoption of rapid classical genetic techniques and the acceptance of genetically engineered traits for some problems. The use of genome editing and cis-genetics, where possible, may facilitate applications that otherwise require considerable time or genetic engineering, depending on settling legal definitions of the products. Nonetheless, the variety of approaches to developing disease resistance has never been greater.

scholarly journals CRISPR-Cas9 System for Plant Genome Editing: Current Approaches and Emerging Developments

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Adolf V. Montecillo ◽  
Luan Luong Chu ◽  
Hanhong Bae
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Editing Efficiency ◽  
Targeted Gene Editing ◽  
Transgene Detection ◽  
Selection Of

Targeted genome editing using CRISPR-Cas9 has been widely adopted as a genetic engineering tool in various biological systems. This editing technology has been in the limelight due to its simplicity and versatility compared to other previously known genome editing platforms. Several modifications of this editing system have been established for adoption in a variety of plants, as well as for its improved efficiency and portability, bringing new opportunities for the development of transgene-free improved varieties of economically important crops. This review presents an overview of CRISPR-Cas9 and its application in plant genome editing. A catalog of the current and emerging approaches for the implementation of the system in plants is also presented with details on the existing gaps and limitations. Strategies for the establishment of the CRISPR-Cas9 molecular construct such as the selection of sgRNAs, PAM compatibility, choice of promoters, vector architecture, and multiplexing approaches are emphasized. Progress in the delivery and transgene detection methods, together with optimization approaches for improved on-target efficiency are also detailed in this review. The information laid out here will provide options useful for the effective and efficient exploitation of the system for plant genome editing and will serve as a baseline for further developments of the system. Future combinations and fine-tuning of the known parameters or factors that contribute to the editing efficiency, fidelity, and portability of CRISPR-Cas9 will indeed open avenues for new technological advancements of the system for targeted gene editing in plants.

Genetic Engineering and Editing of Plants: An Analysis of New and Persisting Questions

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 659-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Mackelprang ◽  
Peggy G. Lemaux
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Molecular Biology Technique ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
New Science ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Genetically Engineered Plants ◽  
Or Genes

Genetic engineering is a molecular biology technique that enables a gene or genes to be inserted into a plant's genome. The first genetically engineered plants were grown commercially in 1996, and the most common genetically engineered traits are herbicide and insect resistance. Questions and concerns have been raised about the effects of these traits on the environment and human health, many of which are addressed in a pair of 2008 and 2009 Annual Review of Plant Biology articles. As new science is published and new techniques like genome editing emerge, reanalysis of some of these issues, and a look at emerging issues, is warranted. Herein, an analysis of relevant scientific literature is used to present a scientific perspective on selected topics related to genetic engineering and genome editing.

CRISPR Crops: Plant Genome Editing Toward Disease Resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 479-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Langner ◽  
Sophien Kamoun ◽  
Khaoula Belhaj
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Standard Tool ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recent Developments

Genome editing by sequence-specific nucleases (SSNs) has revolutionized biology by enabling targeted modifications of genomes. Although routine plant genome editing emerged only a few years ago, we are already witnessing the first applications to improve disease resistance. In particular, CRISPR-Cas9 has democratized the use of genome editing in plants thanks to the ease and robustness of this method. Here, we review the recent developments in plant genome editing and its application to enhancing disease resistance against plant pathogens. In the future, bioedited disease resistant crops will become a standard tool in plant breeding.

scholarly journals Application of genome-editing systems to enhance available pig resources for agriculture and biomedicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Kiho Lee ◽  
Kayla Farrell ◽  
Kyungjun Uh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Zinc Finger Nucleases ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Site Specific

Traditionally, genetic engineering in the pig was a challenging task. Genetic engineering of somatic cells followed by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) could produce genetically engineered (GE) pigs carrying site-specific modifications. However, due to difficulties in engineering the genome of somatic cells and developmental defects associated with SCNT, a limited number of GE pig models were reported. Recent developments in genome-editing tools, such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) 9 system, have markedly changed the effort and time required to produce GE pig models. The frequency of genetic engineering in somatic cells is now practical. In addition, SCNT is no longer essential in producing GE pigs carrying site-specific modifications, because direct injection of genome-editing systems into developing embryos introduces targeted modifications. To date, the CRISPR/Cas9 system is the most convenient, cost-effective, timely and commonly used genome-editing technology. Several applicable biomedical and agricultural pig models have been generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Although the efficiency of genetic engineering has been markedly enhanced with the use of genome-editing systems, improvements are still needed to optimally use the emerging technology. Current and future advances in genome-editing strategies will have a monumental effect on pig models used in agriculture and biomedicine.

scholarly journals Methods of genome editing for increasing the shelf life of tomato fruit

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Y. V. Kuzmina
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Zinc Finger Nucleases ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cas9 Nuclease

Genome editing methods are now widely used in research aimed at studying fundamental biological processes, in particular for regulating maturation and extending shelf life of plant agricultural products. This review briefly discusses plant genome editing methods and examples of their successful application for increasing the storage life of fruits of tomato as one of the most important crops. Genome editing is one of the new areas of genetic engineering that is truly revolutionary in biotechnology. Various genome editing systems have been developed over the past decades: zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly located short palindromic repeats recognized by Cas9 nuclease (CRISPR/Cas9). The most common and widely used is the CRISPR/ Cas9 system, which has many advantages over other existing genome editing systems.

scholarly journals Citrus Genetic Engineering for Disease Resistance: Past, Present and Future

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifang Sun ◽  
Nasrullah ◽  
Fuzhi Ke ◽  
Zhenpeng Nie ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Citrus Varieties ◽  
Citrus Disease

Worldwide, citrus is one of the most important fruit crops and is grown in more than 130 countries, predominantly in tropical and subtropical areas. The healthy progress of the citrus industry has been seriously affected by biotic and abiotic stresses. Several diseases, such as canker and huanglongbing, etc., rigorously affect citrus plant growth, fruit quality, and yield. Genetic engineering technologies, such as genetic transformation and genome editing, represent successful and attractive approaches for developing disease-resistant crops. These genetic engineering technologies have been widely used to develop citrus disease-resistant varieties against canker, huanglongbing, and many other fungal and viral diseases. Recently, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based systems have made genome editing an indispensable genetic manipulation tool that has been applied to many crops, including citrus. The improved CRISPR systems, such as CRISPR/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas)9 and CRISPR/Cpf1 systems, can provide a promising new corridor for generating citrus varieties that are resistant to different pathogens. The advances in biotechnological tools and the complete genome sequence of several citrus species will undoubtedly improve the breeding for citrus disease resistance with a much greater degree of precision. Here, we attempt to summarize the recent successful progress that has been achieved in the effective application of genetic engineering and genome editing technologies to obtain citrus disease-resistant (bacterial, fungal, and virus) crops. Furthermore, we also discuss the opportunities and challenges of genetic engineering and genome editing technologies for citrus disease resistance.

scholarly journals Defense Mechanisms Involved in Disease Resistance of Grafted Vegetables

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing Guan ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Richard Hassell ◽  
Judy Thies
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Soil Fumigants

Grafting with resistant rootstocks is an effective strategy to manage a variety of soilborne diseases and root-knot nematodes in solanaceous and cucurbitaceous vegetables. In addition, improved resistance to some foliar diseases and viruses has also been reported in grafted plants. Hence, grafting technology is considered an important and innovative practice of integrated pest management and a promising alternative for soil fumigants in vegetable production. Inherent resistance within rootstocks and improved plant nutrient uptake are generally suggested as the main reasons for improved disease control in grafted vegetables. However, increasing evidence indicated that systemic defense mechanisms may also play an important role in plant defense as a result of grafting. This review analyzes current literature on the use of grafting techniques for disease management in vegetable crops, discusses potential mechanisms associated with grafting-conferred plant defense, and identifies needs for future research to promote more effective and efficient use of grafting technology to support sustainable vegetable production.

An Era of CRISPR/ Cas9 Mediated Plant Genome Editing

2018 ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haris Khurshid ◽  
Sohail Ahmad Jan ◽  
Zabta Khan Shinwari ◽  
Muhammad Jamal ◽  
Sabir Hussain Shah
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Plant Genome

scholarly journals Exosome/Liposome-like Nanoparticles: New Carriers for CRISPR Genome Editing in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7456
Author(s):  
Mousa A. Alghuthaymi ◽  
Aftab Ahmad ◽  
Zulqurnain Khan ◽  
Sultan Habibullah Khan ◽  
Farah K. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Detailed Consideration ◽  
Crispr System ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

Rapid developments in the field of plant genome editing using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) systems necessitate more detailed consideration of the delivery of the CRISPR system into plants. Successful and safe editing of plant genomes is partly based on efficient delivery of the CRISPR system. Along with the use of plasmids and viral vectors as cargo material for genome editing, non-viral vectors have also been considered for delivery purposes. These non-viral vectors can be made of a variety of materials, including inorganic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, liposomes, and protein- and peptide-based nanoparticles, as well as nanoscale polymeric materials. They have a decreased immune response, an advantage over viral vectors, and offer additional flexibility in their design, allowing them to be functionalized and targeted to specific sites in a biological system with low cytotoxicity. This review is dedicated to describing the delivery methods of CRISPR system into plants with emphasis on the use of non-viral vectors.

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