scholarly journals Pneumococcal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in mother-baby pairs in a rural community in Eastern Uganda: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1156
Author(s):  
Gabriel Madut Akech ◽  
Mercy Naloli ◽  
Paul Sebwami ◽  
Patrick Kazibwe ◽  
Maureen Atwikiriize ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background: Pneumococcal carriage predisposes children to pneumonia. Pneumonia poses a significant threat to the lives of children below five years old worldwide, contributing to a high number of hospitalizations and death. Morbidity and morbidity are especially common in children under five and the elderly, although any age group can be affected. This study aimed to estimate pneumococcal carriage and determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the pneumococci isolated from mother-baby pairs in Ngora district after the rollout of the pneumococcal vaccine. We hypothesized that high carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in mothers leads to carriage in their babies and hence a greater chance of contracting pneumonia. Methods: Consecutive sampling was used to select 152 mother-baby pairs from community visits and those seeking care at the health facility. We collected nasal swabs from both baby and mother for culture and sensitivity testing using Kirby-Bauer’s agar disc diffusion method. Data was also collected from the mothers who consented to take part in the study, using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results: This study found that there was a low prevalence of pneumococcal carriage in the mother-baby pair in the Ngora district. Only one mother-baby pair (1/152) was found to be colonized with pneumococci in both mother and baby and the rest of S. pneumoniae colonized either the mother or baby. We also observed high rates of microbial resistance to penicillin, which is the first-line drug for the management of pneumonia in Uganda. Also, high resistance patterns were recorded with chloramphenicol (50%) and tetracycline (50%), whereas the lowest resistance was recorded in clindamycin (17%). Conclusions: The relationship between pneumococcal carriage and immunization status suggests that the pneumococcal vaccine is protective against the pneumococcal carriage. Resistance of S. pneumoniae to commonly used antibiotics was high.

scholarly journals Pneumococcal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in mother-baby pairs in a rural community in Eastern Uganda: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1156
Author(s):  
Gabriel Madut Akech ◽  
Mercy Naloli ◽  
Paul Sebwami ◽  
Patrick Kazibwe ◽  
Maureen Atwikiriize ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background: Pneumonia poses a significant threat to the lives of children below five years old worldwide, contributing to a high number of hospitalizations and death. Morbidity and morbidity are especially common in children under five and the elderly, although any age group can be affected. This study aimed to estimate pneumococcal carriage and determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the pneumococci isolated from mother-baby pairs in Ngora district after the rollout of the pneumococcal vaccine. We hypothesized that high carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in mothers leads to carriage in their babies and hence a greater chance of contracting pneumonia. Methods: Consecutive sampling was used to select 152 mother-baby pairs from community visits and those seeking care at the health facility. We collected nasal swabs from both baby and mother for culture and sensitivity testing using the Kirby-Bauer’s agar disc diffusion method. Results: This study found that there was a low prevalence of pneumococcal carriage in the mother-baby pair in Ngora district. We also observed high rates of microbial resistance to penicillin, which is the first-line drug for the management of pneumonia in Uganda. Conclusions: The relationship between pneumococcal carriage and immunization status suggests that the pneumococcal vaccine is protective against pneumococcal carriage. Resistance of S. pneumoniae to commonly used antibiotics was high.

scholarly journals Pneumococcal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in mother-baby pairs in a rural community in Eastern Uganda: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1156
Author(s):  
Gabriel Madut Akech ◽  
Mercy Naloli ◽  
Paul Sebwami ◽  
Patrick Kazibwe ◽  
Maureen Atwikiriize ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background: Pneumococcal carriage predisposes children to pneumonia. Pneumonia poses a significant threat to the lives of children below five years old worldwide, contributing to a high number of hospitalizations and death. Morbidity and morbidity are especially common in children under five and the elderly, although any age group can be affected. This study aimed to estimate pneumococcal carriage and determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the pneumococci isolated from mother-baby pairs in Ngora district after the rollout of the pneumococcal vaccine. We hypothesized that high carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in mothers leads to carriage in their babies and hence a greater chance of contracting pneumonia. Methods: Consecutive sampling was used to select 152 mother-baby pairs from community visits and those seeking care at the health facility. We collected nasal swabs from both baby and mother for culture and sensitivity testing using Kirby-Bauer’s agar disc diffusion method. Results: This study found that there was a low prevalence of pneumococcal carriage in the mother-baby pair in the Ngora district. We also observed high rates of microbial resistance to penicillin, which is the first-line drug for the management of pneumonia in Uganda. Conclusions: The relationship between pneumococcal carriage and immunization status suggests that the pneumococcal vaccine is protective against the pneumococcal carriage. Resistance of S. pneumoniae to commonly used antibiotics was high.

scholarly journals Pneumococcal Carriage and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns in Mother-Baby Pairs in a rural community in Eastern Uganda

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Madut Akech ◽  
Mercy Naloli ◽  
Paul Sebwami ◽  
Patrick Kazibwe ◽  
Maureen Atwikiriize ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Eastern Uganda ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to estimate pneumococcal carriage and determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the pneumococci isolated in the mother-baby pairs in Ngora district after the roll out of the pneumococcal vaccine. We hypothesized that high carriage of S. pneumoniae in mothers leads to carriage in their babies and hence a greater chance of contacting pneumoniae. Results: Consecutive sampling technique was used to select 152 mother-baby pairs from the community visits and those seeking care at the health facility. We collected nasal swabs from both baby and mother for culture and sensitivity using the Kirby-Bauer’s agar disc diffusion method. This study found that there was a low prevalence of pneumococcal carriage in the mother-baby pair in Ngora district. We also observed high rates microbial resistance to Penicillin which is the first-line management of pneumonia in Uganda. The relationship between pneumococcal carriage and immunization status suggest that Pneumococcal vaccine is protective against pneumococcal carriage. Resistance of S. pneumoniae to the commonly used antibiotics was high. Key words: Pneumococcal carriage, mother-baby pair, antibiotic susceptibility pattern, immunization with PCV 10, Eastern Uganda.

scholarly journals Frequency and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of urinary pathogens in male outpatients in Argentina

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (06) ◽  
pp. 699-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo E Villar ◽  
Mónica B Jugo ◽  
Alejandro Macan ◽  
Matias Visser ◽  
Mariana Hidalgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Introduction: Knowledge of the etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of uropathogens is important for determining the best treatment option. This study aimed to determine the distribution and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial strains isolated from adult male outpatients. Methodology: Between November 2012 and April 2013, 3,105 community urine samples were analyzed from adult male patients who attended the Laboratorio Hidalgo, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Isolates resistant to third generation cephalosporin were tested for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production using the double-disk synergy test. Results: Of the 3,105 urine samples analyzed, 791 (25.5%) had significant bacteriuria. The frequency of positive urine cultures increased significantly with patient age. Escherichia coli was isolated most frequently (47.3%), followed by Enterococcus faecalis (13.6%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.9%). Gram-negative organisms represented 78.8% of urinary pathogens. The highest activities against Gram-negative bacteria were found with imipenem (99.0%), amikacin (98.1%), ertapenem (94.2%), fosfomycin (90.7%), and piperacillin-tazobactam (90.1%). The frequencies of ESBLs among E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis were 15.2 %, 22.3%, and 8%, respectively. Fosfomycin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and nitrofurantoin were most effective against Gram-positive organisms. Conclusions: Fosfomycin may be an excellent option for cystitis treatment in patients without risk factors, whereas piperacillin-tazobactam is preferred for the treatment of parenchymatous UTIs, complicated UTIs, and UTIs associated with risk factors. To ensure the optimal selection of antibiotics, physicians should have access to up-to-date information about the local prevalence of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Bacterial Meningitis among Adult Patients at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital: Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiye Tigabu ◽  
Abiyot Jember ◽  
Temesgen Nega ◽  
Getachew Wubishet ◽  
Hana Misganaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
P Value ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Abstract Background: Bacterial meningitis is a bacterial infection that causes inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. The most frequent causes of bacterial meningitis are N. meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumonia, Listeria monocytogenes, and Homophiles influenza. This study aimed to determine bacterial meningitis and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns among adult patients.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 3,683 patients to determine bacterial meningitis and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns from 2011 to 2020. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected and inoculated on blood and chocolate agar plates, and then incubated at 37oc for 24 hours. Bacterial identification performed using morphological characters, gram stain, and standardized biochemical tests. Records of 3,683 culture results were collected and reviewed using a checklist from the registration book. Finally, data was entered, cleared, and checked using Epi-info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Logistic regression used for statistical association. The results were displayed using tables and figures. P-value < 0.05 at 95% CI was considered as statistically significant.Results: Of the 3,683 patients, the overall prevalence of bacterial meningitis was 1.28% (47/3683). Of them, bacterial meningitis in males was 0.9% (33/3683) whereas, it was 0.38% (14/3683) in females. Bacterial meningitis among inpatients, 1.16% (43/3683) was higher than their outpatient counterparts, 0.12% (4/3683). Ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, clindamycin, and erythromycin were the most effective antibiotics whereas penicillin, tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole were the least effective antibiotics for isolates. Being male in sex (P = 0.048, AOR = 0.53, CI = 0.283-0.993) was significantly associated with bacterial meningitis.Conclusions: The prevalence of bacterial meningitis among adult patients was 1.28%, which is considerably high. Being male in gender is a risk factor for bacterial meningitis. Therefore, infection preventive measures are required with a particular focus on adult patients. Further research is needed to explore the epidemiology and risk factors of meningitis.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Bacteria Isolated from Sachet-packaged Water Sold in Uyo Metropolis, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Uduak S. Umoessien ◽  
Ukponobong E. Antia ◽  
Mary Christopher ◽  
Etanguno E. Owowo
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Sachet Water

Aims: This study was aimed at determining the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolated from sachet water sold in Uyo metropolis, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Study Design:  Sachet water was randomly sampled in Uyo Metropolis. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Akwa Ibom State University, Nigeria, between June and November 2018. Methodology: Six different brands of sachets water sold and consumed in Uyo metropolis were studied for their physical and microbiological qualities. Thirty (30) sachets water from the six (6) different brands respectively, were serially diluted and cultured on Nutrient agar, Eosin Methylene Blue agar, MacConkey agar and Salmonella-Shigella agar, while Muller Hinton agar was used for sensitivity test. Suspensions of purified isolates were standardized with 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard and were subjected to antibiotics susceptibility testing using Agar Diffusion method. Results: The bacterial counts obtained ranged from 2.0 x 101 cfu/ml to 1.34 x 102 cfu/ml. Species isolated from the samples analysed included: Klebsiella sp., Escherichia sp., Staphylococcus sp., Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas sp., Citrobacter sp., Bacillus sp. Bacillus sp. Was susceptible to all the antibiotics tested against it except streptomycin while Staphylococcus sp was resistant to gentamicine and ampiclox but susceptible to other antibiotics. All the gram negative isolates were susceptible to tarivia and peflacine but completely resistant to nalidixic acid. Klebsiella sp. was most resistant (70%) of all the isolates, these was closely followed bt Escherichia sp. and Salmonella sp. at 60% resistance. Some of the sachet water brands from bacteriological standpoints did not meet the World Health Organization Standard for portable water. Conclusion: This study indicted sub-standard packaged waters as a vehicle for the spread of antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens, and this poses a high risk to public health. Hence, routine monitoring of producers of sachet water should been enforced.

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