scholarly journals Costing analysis of outpatient services for major external structural birth defects: An ingredient approach in selected hospitals in Kiambu County, Kenya

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
George Agot ◽  
Joseph Wang'ombe ◽  
Marshal Mweu
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Pes Planus ◽  
Cost Drivers ◽  
Talipes Equinovarus ◽  
Costing Analysis

Background: Major external structural birth defects are known to exert an enormous economic burden on individuals and health services; however, they have been vastly unappreciated and underprioritized as a public health problem in settings where costing analyses are limited. Objective: The objective of this study was to conduct a costing analysis of outpatient services for major external structural birth defects in selected hospitals in Kiambu County, Kenya. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was adopted in four hospitals where an ingredient approach was used to retrospectively gather data on cost drivers for interventions consisting of  castings, bracings, and tendonectomies for the under-fives from health care providers’ perspectives for a one-year time horizon (January 1st, 2018, to December 31st, 2018). The hospitals were selected for providing outpatient corrective and rehabilitative services to the under-fives. Prevalence-based morbidity data were extracted from outpatient occupational therapy clinic registers, whereas staff-time for the hospitals’ executives comprising the medical superintendents, chief nursing officers, orthopedic surgeons, and health administrative officers were gathered through face-to-face enquires from the occupational therapists being the closest proxies for the officers. Following a predefined inclusion criterion, 349 cases were determined, and associated cost drivers identified, measured, and valued (quantified) using prevailing market prices. The costs were categorized as recurrent, and unit economic costs calculated as average costs, expressed in U.S Dollars, and inflated to the U.S Dollar Consumer Price Index from January 2018 to December 2018. Results: The unit economic cost of all the cases was estimated at $1,139.73; and $1,143.51 for neural tube defects, $1,143.05 for congenital talipes equinovarus, and $1,109.81 for congenital pes planus. Conclusions: The highest economic burden of major external structural birth defects in the county was associated with neural tube defects, followed by congenital pes planus despite having the fewest caseloads.

scholarly journals Mengenal Spina Bifida dan Pencegahannya

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 896-903
Author(s):  
Genta Faesal Atsani ◽  
Zanetha Mauly Ilawanda ◽  
Ilma Fahira Basyir
Keyword(s):  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Congenital Abnormality ◽  
Congenital Abnormalities ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Online Portal ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Developing Spinal Cord

Neural tube defects (NTD) are one of the birth defects or congenital abnormalities that occur in the brain and spine, and commonly find in newborns worldwide. Anencephaly and spina bifida are the two prevalent forms of NTD. The incidence of spina bifida happen on average 1 in 1000 cases of birth worldwide and there are 140,000 cases per year worldwide. Source searches were carried out on the online portal of journal publications as many as 20 sources from MedScape, Google Scholar and the Nation Center for Biotechnology Information / NCBI with the keywords “Neural tube defects (NTD), prevention, and spina bifida”. Spina bifida is a congenital abnormality that occurs in the womb due to a failure of closing process the neural tube during the first few weeks of embryonic development which causes the spine not completely close around the developing spinal cord nerves. NTD can ensue multifactorial conditions such as genetic, environmental, and folate deficiency. The use of folic acid supplementation starting at least 3 months before pregnancy, those are 400 mcg (0.4 mg) per day and 800 mcg per day during pregnancy can reduce the risk of developing neural tube defects such as spina bifida. Generally, spina bifida is undertaking by surgery and the regulation of patients comorbid. Public can find out prevention to avoid or reduce the risk of spina bifida so that the incidence of spina bifida can decrease along with the increasing awareness of the community regarding this disease.

Visualizing the Research Hotspots and Emerging Trends in Neural Tube Defects: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baohong MAO ◽  
Chichen ZHANG ◽  
Liping YANG ◽  
Yanxia WANG ◽  
Chunhui SU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Visualization Analysis ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Bibliographic Records ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Research Domain ◽  
Research Hotspots

Background: Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the second most common serious birth defects and constitute a major cause of infant death. Research about NTDs has achieved tremendous progress over the last 50 years. Methods: Visualization analysis has been used to explore the hot topic and their emerging trends in NTDs research domain. The scientific literature of research for NTDs has been retrieved from Web of Science™ Core Collection (1966–2014) databases, and final acquire 9125 related bibliographic records, then analyze time trend, distribution of journals, hot keywords, and try to explore the hot topic and their emerging trends in NTDs research domain using Histcite and CiteSpace. Results: The number of publications about NTDs have shown an increased tendency over the last 50 years although there was on a slight decline. Birth Defects Research Part A published the most articles on NTDs research, followed by Lance and Teratology, and the Lancet had the greatest number of total citations. The largest cited frequency keywords was the “Folate”, followed by “Pregnancy”, “Prevention”, and “Spina bifida”. The research hotspots in NTDs research were homocysteine, anencephaly, and screening. Conclusion: With the help of visualization analysis, we explore a quantitative and efficient way of understanding the NTDs knowledge field.   Keywords: Visualization analysis; Neural tube defects; Scientometrics; CiteSpace

scholarly journals Diabetes and Obesity-Related Genes and the Risk of Neural Tube Defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 176 (12) ◽  
pp. 1101-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Lupo ◽  
M. A. Canfield ◽  
C. Chapa ◽  
W. Lu ◽  
A. J. Agopian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Prevention Study ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Economic Burden of Hematologic Adverse Events in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 3350-3350
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Stephens ◽  
Sarah Y. Liou ◽  
Kimbach T. Tran ◽  
Marc F. Botteman
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Burden Of Illness ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Cost Drivers ◽  
The Cost

Abstract OBJECTIVES: Hematologic adverse events such as neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia are commonly experienced by cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. These cytopenias are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, high healthcare costs, and decreases in quality of life. The objective of this study was to review the economic burden of these hematologic adverse events associated with chemotherapy in cancer patients. METHODS: A systematic search of the English-language medical literature published between 1990 and 2006 was conducted. Online conference proceedings and a review of article bibliographies were included in the review. Articles selected included prospective or retrospective studies specifically designed to examine burden of illness, direct medical costs, indirect costs, or cost drivers associated with neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia in adult cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. All original costs were reported, with adjusted figures (to 2006 US dollars) presented in parentheses using the medical care component of the consumer price index from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. RESULTS: Of 160 studies initially identified, 64 met selection criteria and were reviewed in detail. The cost of neutropenia ranged from $1,893 (2006 US $2,632) per episode in the outpatient setting to $38,583 ($54,807) for a febrile neutropenia hospitalization. The cost of treating thrombocytopenia ranged from $1,037 ($1,395) to $7,550 ($9,336) per cycle or episode. Costs attributable to treating anemia ranged from $18,418 ($22,775) to $69,478 ($93,454) per year. Key cost drivers include hospitalization, drugs (e.g., granulocyte colony-stimulating factors and antibiotics), and diagnostic tests for neutropenia; hospitalization, major bleeding episodes, and platelet transfusions for thrombocytopenia; and inpatient and outpatient services, erythropoietic agents, and red blood cell transfusions for anemia. Another finding was that the costs of hematologic adverse events for patients with hematologic malignancies were up to twice that of patients with solid tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Chemotherapy-related cytopenias result in a substantial economic burden on patients, payers, caregivers, and society in general. This burden is particularly high for patients with hematologic malignancies due to the underlying malignancy. Furthermore, AEs affect the ability to deliver planned treatments, resulting in potentially suboptimal clinical outcomes. An evaluation of both clinical outcomes of chemotherapy and economic consequences as a result of chemotherapy-induced toxicities is recommended in determining optimal treatments for patients with cancer.

scholarly journals Assessing bottled water nitrate concentrations to evaluate total drinking water nitrate exposure and risk of birth defects

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Weyer ◽  
Jean D. Brender ◽  
Paul A. Romitti ◽  
Jiji R. Kantamneni ◽  
David Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Limb Deficiencies

Previous epidemiologic studies of maternal exposure to drinking water nitrate did not account for bottled water consumption. The objective of this National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) (USA) analysis was to assess the impact of bottled water use on the relation between maternal exposure to drinking water nitrate and selected birth defects in infants born during 1997–2005. Prenatal residences of 1,410 mothers reporting exclusive bottled water use were geocoded and mapped; 326 bottled water samples were collected and analyzed using Environmental Protection Agency Method 300.0. Median bottled water nitrate concentrations were assigned by community; mothers' overall intake of nitrate in mg/day from drinking water was calculated. Odds ratios for neural tube defects, limb deficiencies, oral cleft defects, and heart defects were estimated using mixed-effects models for logistic regression. Odds ratios (95% CIs) for the highest exposure group in offspring of mothers reporting exclusive use of bottled water were: neural tube defects [1.42 (0.51, 3.99)], limb deficiencies [1.86 (0.51, 6.80)], oral clefts [1.43 (0.61, 3.31)], and heart defects [2.13, (0.87, 5.17)]. Bottled water nitrate had no appreciable impact on risk for birth defects in the NBDPS.

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