scholarly journals Investigation of Nasturtium officinale R.Br. and Mentha aquatica L. taxa reaction in different lead element concentrations

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-292
Author(s):  
Gizem İlgün Boyalan ◽  
Hüseyin Erduğan

In this study, it was aimed to determine the morphological and physiological effects of agricultural activities and lead pollution on Nasturtium officinale and Mentha aquatica macrophytes living in Umurbey Stream (Çanakkale), and also the competition between plants in this region was investigated. Macrophytes were collected between May-June 2016 from the lower part of Gökköy Passage, which is covered with orchards on both sides of Çanakkale province, Umurbey district, Umurbey Stream. The macrophytes were left in the nutrient solution for 3 days for the adaptation process. In the first stage, the effect of lead contamination on the morphology and physiology of macrophyte species was investigated in a single culture at 1, 5 and 10 ppm Pb concentrations. Then, the competitiveness of two macrophyte species at an intermediate dose of 5 ppm Pb in a mixed culture was examined. In addition to the amount of, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid, free proline, protein, total phenolic compound amount, adsorbed lead amount and total potassium, phosphorus, iron and magnesium amounts were examined. P, Fe, Mg, K, Pb and protein content reached the highest level at the dose of 5 ppm Pb where N. officinale was affected the most morphologically. At the same time, N officinale minimized the photosynthetic pigment and free proline levels at this dose. The dose at which M. aquatica was most affected morphologically was 10 ppm Pb dose. P, Fe, Mg and K contents of M. aquatica at that dose reached the highest value. This study proved that M. aquatica was morphologically and physiologically more resistant in two control groups where there was no lead stress and aquatic plants were grown together. Morphologically and physiologically, it has been shown that N. officinale was more combative when lead was applied as stress. With this study, it was determined that watercress is a good lead accumulator by adsorbing more than twice the lead amount absorbed by water mint.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 9282
Author(s):  
Lucian Copolovici ◽  
Andreea Lupitu ◽  
Cristian Moisa ◽  
Monica Taschina ◽  
Dana M. Copolovici

Drought and flooding are some of the most common stressful conditions for plants. Due to the recent climate changes, they can occur one after another. This study is focused on the effect of antagonistic abiotic stress such as drought and flooding on the different metabolites from Ocimum basilicum leaves. Six-week-old plants of Ocimum basilicum were exposed to drought or flooding stress for 15 days, followed by antagonist stress for 14 days. The assimilation rates decrease drastically for plants under consecutive stresses from 18.9 to 0.25 µmol m−2 s−1 starting at day 3 of treatment. The stomatal conductance to water vapor gs was also reduced from 86 to 29 mmol m−2 s−1. The emission of green leaf volatiles compounds increases from 0.14 to 2.48 nmol m−2 s−1, and the emission of monoterpenes increased from 2.00 to 7.37 nmol m−2 s−1. The photosynthetic pigment concentration (chlorophyll a and b, and β-carotene), the flavonoid content, and total phenolic content decrease for all stressed plants. The results obtained in this study could indicate that the water status (drought and/or flooding) directly impacts basil plants’ physiological parameters and secondary metabolites.


2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Gajewska ◽  
Daniel Drobik ◽  
Marzena Wielanek ◽  
Joanna Sekulska-Nalewajko ◽  
Jarosław Gocławski ◽  
...  

Abstract Hydroponically grown wheat seedlings were treated with 50 μM N i and/or 15 μM Se. After a 7-day culture period, their growth parameters, N i, Se, F e, and M g contents, electrolyte leakage, photosynthetic pigment concentrations, and photochemical activity of photosystem II were determined. Exposure of wheat seedlings to N i alone resulted in reduction in the total shoot and root lengths, by 22% and 50%, respectively. Addition of Se to the N i-containing medium significantly improved the growth of these organs, compared to the seedlings subjected to N i alone. Application of Se decreased the accumulation of N i in shoots and roots and partially alleviated the N i-induced decrease in F e and M g concentations in shoots. Electrolyte leakage increased in response to N i stress, but in shoots it was diminished by Se supplementation. Exposure to N i led to a decrease in chlorophyll a and b contents and enhancement of chlorophyll a/b ratio, but did not influence the concentration of carotenoids. Enrichment of the N i-containing medium with Se significantly increased chlorophyll b content, compared to the seedlings treated with N i alone. Photochemical activity, estimated in terms of the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II , decreased in response to N i treatment but was significantly improved by simultaneous addition of Se. Results of our study suggest that alleviation of N i toxicity in wheat seedlings by Se supplementation may be related to limitation of N i uptake.


Author(s):  
Chase Jones-Baumgardt ◽  
Qinglu Ying ◽  
Youbin Zheng ◽  
Gale G. Bozzo

Sole-source light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are alternatives to fluorescent tubes and high intensity discharge lamps that are routinely used for indoor cultivation of horticultural commodities, including microgreens. This study examined the effect of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) from LEDs on phytochemical profiles in organically grown kale, cabbage, arugula, and mustard microgreens, and their association with growth and morphological attributes. LEDs were used to deliver a 15% blue light and 85% red light mixture to microgreens at varying PPFDs between 100 and 600 μmol m-2 s-1. For all microgreens, increased concentrations of ascorbate (total and reduced) and total anthocyanin were proportional to PPFD. Total phenolic concentrations were elevated in all four microgreens at high PPFDs, whereas chlorophyll concentrations declined in arugula cabbage and mustard. A principal component analysis revealed anthocyanins and phenolics were associated with ascorbate levels in all microgreens, but not with chlorophylls or carotenoids. At high PPFDs photosynthetic pigment levels were negatively associated with fresh and dry weight to varying degrees. Anthocyanins, phenolics and ascorbate were negatively correlated with hypocotyl length and the colour attribute hue angle in all microgreens. These results indicate that microgreen growth and morphology are associated with altered phytochemical profiles during cultivation under sole source LEDs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7965
Author(s):  
Izabela Weremczuk-Jeżyna ◽  
Katarzyna Hnatuszko-Konka ◽  
Liwia Lebelt ◽  
Izabela Grzegorczyk-Karolak

The aim of this work was to determine the effect of stress conditions caused by different light sources, i.e., blue LED (λ = 430 nm), red LED (λ = 670 nm), blue and red LED (70%:30%) and white LED (430–670 nm) on the growth and morphology of cultivated in vitro Dracocephalum forrestii shoot culture. It also examines the effects on bioactive phenolic compound production and photosynthetic pigment content, as well as on antioxidant enzyme activity (CAT, SOD, POD) and antioxidant properties. The most beneficial proliferation effect was observed under white LEDs (7.1 ± 2.1 shoots per explant). The white and blue lights stimulated the highest fresh weight gain, while red light induced the highest dry weight gain. The total phenolic acid content ranged from 13.824 ± 1.181 to 20.018 ± 801 mg g DW−1 depending on light conditions. The highest content of rosmarinic acid was found in the control shoots (cultivated under fluorescent lamps), followed by culture grown under red light. All LED treatments, especially red and blue, increased salvianolic acid B content, and blue increased apigenin p-coumarylrhamnoside biosynthesis. The greatest ferric reduction activity was observed in shoots cultivated under red light, followed by blue; this is associated with the presence of the highest total phenol content, especially phenolic acids. Similarly, the highest DPPH radical scavenging potential was observed under red light followed by blue. This study proves that LEDs have emerged as significant support for directed in vitro propagation, taking advantage of specific stress responses on various light spectra. This study also showed how stress induced by different LED light spectra increases in Dracocephalum forrestii the synthesis of pharmacologically-active compounds. Hence, light stress may turn out to be a simpler alternative to metabolic engineering for improving the production of secondary metabolites of therapeutic value.


Author(s):  
Muhittin Doğan ◽  
Serap Sahin Yigit ◽  
Gülsüm Dogancay ◽  
Didem Koçum ◽  
Mustafa Sevindik

Determining the physiological effects of single and binary applications of BPA and NaCl on the Ceratophyllum demersum L., which is a rootless submerged aquatic macrophyte, is the aim of the present study. For this purpose, the macrophyte was collected from a local pond that was not exposed to any pollution. Macrophytes were acclimatized in 10% nutrient solution for 14 days, than they were treated with 17.2 mg/L BPA; 10 and 100 mM NaCl; 17.2 mg/L BPA plus 10 mM NaCl and 17.2 mg/L BPA plus 100 mM NaCl. The macrophyte without added BPA or/and NaCl served as control (without treatment). Increasing concentrations of NaCl induced a progressive accumulation of Na in the macrophyte tissues. On the other hand, BPA application partially reduced Na uptake. Nutrient uptake was affected differently by the applications. The contents of some nutrients such as Cu, Zn, Mn, K and Mg were generally reduced, whereas the Fe and Ca contents were increased. In general, increases in contents of total carbohydrate, total phenolic and non-protein sulfhydryl groups were found, when compared to control. Protein and photosynthetic pigment contents, on the contrary to these, were decreased. According to findings, the increase in H2O2 and MDA levels showed that single and combined applications of BPA and NaCl in C. demersum tissues induced oxidative stress.


2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Gulcan Cinar ◽  
Muhittin Dogan

The physiological and morphological effects of different concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) on Moringa oleifera seedlings were determined in this study. Significant chlorosis and abscission were observed in leaves exposed to 50 mg/L of BPA. Photosynthetic pigment levels were affected differently by varying doses of BPA. Although the total carbohydrate content of seedling parts was increased by BPA, protein content was lowered by it, except in the case of roots at 1.5 mg/L of BPA. However, it was determined that the content of nonprotein sulphhydryl groups of seedling parts did not change significantly. The total phenolic content of root tissues showed an insignificant change; however, it was found that phenolic content increased in the stems and leaves following application of BPA. The content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in seedling tissues increased with increasing concentrations of BPA. Statistical analysis indicated that H2O2 content was significantly correlated with malondialdehyde content. These results clearly show that the application of BPA causes oxidative stress in seedling tissues.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamika Kushwaha ◽  
Nidhi Hans ◽  
Balendu Shekher Giri ◽  
Eldon R. Rene ◽  
Radha Rani

Abstract Chemical composition of root exudates and root extracts from V. zizanioides cv KS-1 was determined, in the presence of lead [Pb(II)]. Hitherto, no information is available in the literature concerning the phytochemical components of root exudates of Vetiver zizanioides. Significantly higher concentrations of total carbohydrates (26.75 and 42.62% in root exudates and root extract, respectively), reducing sugars (21.46 and 56.11% in root exudates and root extract, respectively), total proteins (9.22 and 23.70% in root exudates and root extract, respectively), total phenolic acids (14.69 and 8.33% in root exudates and root extract, respectively), total flavonoids (14.30 and 12.28% in root exudates and root extract, respectively) and total alkaloids (12.48 and 7.96% in root exudates and root extract, respectively) were observed in samples from plants growing under Pb(II) stress in comparison to the respective controls. GC-MS profiling showed the presence of diverse group of compounds in root exudates and extracts including terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids, carotenoids, plant hormones, carboxylic/organic acids and fatty acids. Among the detected compounds, many have important role in plant development, regulating rhizosphere microbiota, and allelopathy. Furthermore, the results indicated that V. zizanioides exudates possess a chemotactic response for rhizospheric bacterial strains Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis and Acinetobacter junii Pb1.


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