Analysis of the Dynamics of Mortality of Liquidators of the Consequences of the Accident at the Chernobyl NPP - Workers of the Atomic Industry of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
I. Shafransky ◽  
A. Tukov ◽  
O. Prokhorova ◽  
M. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Likelihood Function ◽  
Survival Curves ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Chernobyl Npp ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
The Russian Federation

Purpose: Assessment of the health of persons working under the influence of certain adverse environmental factors. Material and methods: The work includes all male liquidators registered in the Sectoral Register of persons exposed to radiation as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. This is about 18.5 thousand people. More than half of them have a verified dose load, all of which were exposed to radiation while working in the 30-km zone of the Chernobyl NPP. At this stage of the study, estimates were obtained for the corresponding retirement intensity function for two cohorts of liquidators – 1986 and subsequent years of work.In order to assess the dynamics of the age-specific mortality of the liquidators, the data for the years 2000 and 2014 are considered. It did not make sense to take earlier years due to the relatively young age of the liquidators at that point in time. The second estimate is related to exactly 15 years – half the entire period of observation of the register. 2014 turned out to be more preferable compared to 2015 due to the fact that it was in 2014 that a significant number of people were deregistered and thus dropped out of consideration. Empirical analysis methods are used – survival curves are considered (data such as the lifetime) both in terms of morbidity and mortality. And a comparison is made of the curves obtained in different rank groups. For fitting curves, risk functions of various parametric distributions constructed using the likelihood function can be used. The main problem of this analysis is a large number of censored data at this stage of the study. Results: The death rate of the liquidators differs significantly from the death rate of the male population of the Russian Federation, however, this difference decreases with time, primarily due to a decrease in the death rate of the population in the Russian Federation. If the trends in the dynamics of age-specific mortality in the Russian Federation correspond to global standards, which corresponds to a positive dynamic, the dynamics of the age-specific mortality of the liquidators is paradoxical, which primarily concerns the cohort of liquidators of 1986. The weather smoothed mortality of the liquidators of 1986 exceeds that calculated for all the liquidators of the register, which may indicate the presence of some additional factors determining the health of this group of persons. By the years 2007–2010, a significant increase in the slope of the mortality curve is observed as a sign of the cohort selection, relegation of the weaker ones first. Using the Kaplan –Meier method, survival curves for cohorts were constructed, and the presence of significant differences in their mortality was shown.

scholarly journals The incidence of skin melanoma in the Russian Federation and federal districts

2018 ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Malishevskaya ◽  
A. V. Sokolova ◽  
L. V. Demidov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Annual Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Visual Localization ◽  
Skin Melanoma ◽  
Average Annual Rate ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Russian Federation

Over the past 40 years, the incidence of skin melanoma in the world has increased approximately 3-fold.To study the current epidemiological situation of skin melanoma in the Russian Federation, data on the absolute, coarse and standardized incidence rates of melanoma (S43) in the male and female populations were analyzed. The specific gravity of the melanoma patients detected actively was analyzed at different stages of the tumor process who died within the first year since the diagnosis was established between 2006–2016.The incidence of skin melanoma in the Russian population is characterized by a constant increase of indexes, the average annual rate of increase in the incidence of the Russian Federation’s population of melanoma is 2 times higher than that of the general oncological morbidity. A higher average annual rate and a general increase in the incidence of SM is recorded in the male population. Only every 4th patient in the RF is detected actively, despite the fact that melanoma is a tumor of visual localization. In general, only one third of patients with skin melanoma (32.8%) are diagnosed in the first stage of the tumor process in the Russian Federation. Over the period from 2006 to 2016 in Russia, the indicators of neglect on skin melanoma significantly decreased by 40.6%, however they remain at an unacceptably high level. The index of the first-year lethality from skin melanoma in Russia for the period from 2006 to 2016 decreased by 26.01%.To improve the index of active detection of patients with SM, especially in the early stages, it is necessary to create a system for interaction of primary contact physicians with the patient (dermatovenerologists, cosmetologists, therapists) with the oncological service, the formation of on-alertness among physicians of all specialties, and among the population.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE CONSUMPTION OF DIFFERENT FOODSTUFFS ON THE INTERNAL EXPOSURE DOSE FORMATION IN THE ADULT POPULATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AFTER THE ACCIDENT AT THE CHERNOBYL NPP

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Bratilova ◽  
G. Ya. Bruk
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Internal Dose ◽  
Chernobyl Npp ◽  
Region Data ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

An The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the internal exposure dose formation in the adult population of the internal dose forming of the adult population of Russian Federation due to consumption of different foodstuffs in the remote period after the accident on at the Chernobyl NPP. Estimation of the impact of different foodstuffs is carried out in the forming of the mentioned doses; the foodstuffs mainly contributing in the internal dose forming formation are revealed. Based on the Bryansk region data, the comparing was fulfilled of the current food rations of population with the previous rations – of during the initial and intermediate postaccidental periods. It is illustrated how the differences in food rations affect the levels of exposure of the local inhabitants, which is necessary for the appropriate assessment of the internal exposure doses for population living in the contaminated territories.

scholarly journals Clinical and Epidemiological Analysis of Morbidity and Mortality from Malignant Neoplasms among Employees of Radiation Hazardous Enterprises and the Population Living Near Nuclear Industry and Nuclear Power Facilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
A.P. Biryukov ◽  
◽  
E.P. Korovkina ◽  
E.V. Vasilyev ◽  
Yu.V. Orlov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Russian Federation

The purpose of the study is to analyze the oncoepidemiological situation in the vicinity of nuclear industry and nuclear power plants. Materials and methods of the study. The main materials of the study were the data of official medical statistics for 2012-2018 on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and mortality from them: the contingent of medical treatment organizations of FMBA of Russia in 10 closed administrative-territorial formations of Rosatom State Corporation — a research sample; total contingent served by medical treatment organizations of FMBA of Russia — data of the Federal Center for Extreme Problems Information Technology of FMBA of Russia; population of Russian Federation as a whole. An in-depth analysis of the morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms among employees of enterprises and the population served by medical treatment organizations of FMBA of Russia was performed using data from the Branch Cancer Registry of FMBA of Russia. Results of the study and their analysis. According to the results of the analysis an increase in the incidence of malignant neoplasms was observed in medical treatment organizations of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia in closed administrative territorial formations, in all medical treatment organizations of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, and in the Russian Federation as a whole. In 2012-2018 the incidence of malignant neoplasms (per 100,000 population) was: in closed administrative territorial entities — 412.4 and 526.6 respectively; in all medical treatment institutions of FMBA of Russia — 328.4 and 390.1; in the Russian Federation as a whole — 367.3 and 425.5 respectively. Analysis of mortality rates from malignant neoplasms showed that in all medical treatment institutions of the Federal Medical and Biomedical Agency of Russia the mortality rate from malignant neoplasms (per 100 thousand population) in this time interval was 149.1 and 167.9 persons respectively, which is significantly lower than the all-Russian rates of 201.0 and 200.0 persons respectively. Mortality from malignant neoplasms in closed administrative territorial units amounted to 220.1 and 257.3 persons respectively, which exceeds both all medical treatment institutions of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency and the Russian Federation as a whole.

On conditional "safety grades" of power units of NPPs of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Arzhaev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Safety Culture ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Operating Organization

The energy obtained at nuclear power plants is considered environmentally friendly, so an increase in the number of nuclear power plants is inevitable both in Russia and abroad. But the memory of accidents and incidents at nuclear power plants, their causes and destructive consequences should force all responsible participants in the process to follow the basic principles of defense in depth and safety culture. Analysis of the factors considered in the article indicates that the approach to the implementation of the principle of safety culture on the part of officials of the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom and the world's second operating organization, Rosenergoatom Concern JSC, is subject to emasculation to the greatest extent. This indicates that the lessons of past accidents at nuclear power plants are not fully absorbed in the nuclear industry of the Russian Federation and the existing bureaucratic nihilism in relation to the fulfillment of the requirements of federal norms and rules requires urgent overcoming.

Dynamics of the incidence of sexually transmitted infections in different groups of the adult population in the Russian Federation in 2011–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-73
Author(s):  
A.A. Kubanov ◽  
◽  
E.V. Bogdanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

Objective. To describe the dynamics of the incidence of six sexually transmitted infections among different age and gender groups of the adult population in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The analysis of data from the federal statistical observation of the incidence of sexually transmitted infections in the Russian Federation in 2011–2019. Results. In the Russian Federation, in all age and gender groups of the adult population during the period 2011–2019, there was a decrease in the incidence of early forms of syphilis, trichomoniasis, gonococcal and chlamydia infections. There were changes in the age structure of the number of cases of sexually transmitted infections with an increase in the proportion of cases detected among people aged 40 or over. The increase in the incidence of late and other unspecified forms of syphilis was noted among the male population aged 30 years or over and the female population aged 40 years or over. In 2019, compared to 2011, the increase in the incidence of anogenital warts and anogenital herpes virus infection was recorded among the male population aged 40 or over. Key words: age and gender groups, incidence, sexually transmitted infections, the Russian Federation

Problems of Population Radiation Safety Support in Case of Radiation Accidents

2018 ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
С. Гончаров ◽  
S. Goncharov ◽  
Г. Аветисов ◽  
G. Avetisov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Radiation Accidents ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article presents the results of 25-old activity of the head agency of the Service for Disaster Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation – All Russian Centre for Disaster Medicine «Zaschita» (ARCDM «Zaschita») of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in the sphere of medical support of population in case of radiation accidents. The Service is a functional subsystem of the Unified State system of prevention and liquidation of emergency situations, intended for elimination of medical and sanitary consequences of emergency situation. In Russia, it is legally established that in case of radiation accident the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia (the FMBA of Russia) is responsible for radiation safety of the population living in the NPP surveillance zone (approximately 25 km). Responsibility for the radiation safety of the rest of the population living outside the surveillance zone is assigned to the Service for disaster medicine. In accordance with the current document “Model content of the protection plan of the population in case of an accident at the radiation facility” developed by the Ministry of Emergency Situations, mandatory protective measures are provided in the territory that radius is 25 km around the radiation object (planning zones of preventive and emergency measures). Early planning in the restrictive planning zone is not envisaged, and protective measures outside the 100-kilometer zone are considered inappropriate. The article presents the concept developed by the specialists of ARCDM «Zaschita» for drafting protection of the subjects of the Russian Federation for the nuclear power plants operating on the territory of Russia. The concept is based on experience of consequences of the Chernobyl NPP accident. The concept argues that the outer boundary of the planning area for protective measures around nuclear power plants should have an outer radius of 1000 km. Radius of the emergency planning area is 100 km. The problems of preparedness for radiation safety of population support in case of radiation accidents are discussed. They are: the need for elaboration of regulatory and normative documents of the federal level on obligatory advance planning of protective measures against the possibility of radiation accidents on radiation-hazardous objects from the nuclear power plants on the territory of Russia for the population, not supervised by the FMBA of Russia (living both in the observation zone and abroad) and regulating the need and procedure of planning, organization and carrying out in case of necessity iodine prophylaxis for the population on territories up to 1000 km from operating NPPs of Russia. Same approaches to the solution of the considered problems are suggested.

scholarly journals HPV-associated lesions in the Russian Federation: assessment of the problem

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay I Briko ◽  
Platon D Lopukhov ◽  
Andrei D Kaprin ◽  
Elena G Novikova ◽  
Olga I Trushina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Retrospective Data ◽  
Anal Canal Cancer ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Diagnostic Codes ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Venereal Warts

Aim. To estimate the prevalence and trends of the long-term dynamics of morbidity and mortality associated with various manifestations of HPV infection in Russia in recent years. Materials and methods. We analyzed retrospective data with diagnostic codes related to cervical cancer, penile cancer, anal canal cancer, head and neck cancer (including the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx and larynx), anogenital (venereal) warts from the official statistic of cancer register and STIs using incidence and mortality rates in Russia between January 2007 and December 2016 and retrospective data with diagnostic codes related to cancer of the vulva and cancer of the vagina between January 2011 and December 2016. Based on the available data on the involvement of HPV in the occurrence of pathological changes, the annual generalized indices for HPV-associated neoplasms were calculated. Results. The estimated number of HPV-associated lesions in the Russian Federation for 2007-2016 amounted to 5 761 170 cases, of which 224 630 - among men and 5 536 540 - among women. The estimated number of deaths from HPV-associated cancers was 109 510 cases, of which 32 080 - among men and 77 430 - among women. The estimated incidence of HPV-associated cancers neoplasms during this period increased by 10% among the male population and by 22% among the female population, reaching 8.0 cases per 100 000 male population in 2016 and 25.2 cases per 100 thousand female population. The death rate from HPV-associated cancers did not change significantly, and in 2016 it was 4.9 cases per 100 thousand male population and 10.2 cases per 100 thousand female population. Conclusion. There is an increase in morbidity and stabilization of mortality rates from HPV-associated cancers for both female and male populations, and a decrease in the incidence of anogenital (venereal) warts.

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