The essence of public property commercialization

10.12737/1326 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
Семенова ◽  
Olesya Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Public Deficit ◽  
Public Property ◽  
Money Economy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
State Subsidies

Commercialization is one of the main ways to privatize public property in the countryside. The author considered the experience of commercialization of several Eastern and Eastern European countries. This article provides the implementation mechanism of the process of commercialization of public property in the agricultural sector. Having analyzed a number of legislative acts of the Russian Federation, having studied the scientific works of many scientists in the economic sphere, the author examined the effects of commercialization of public property and came to the following conclusions. We can say that the process of commercialization of public enterprises of agrarian and industrial complex is the process of separating enterprises on effective and ineffective, because it enables us to identify non-viable enterprises, that will be the subject to privatize. Commercialization results in the reduction of public deficit and of inflation as well as in the recovery of money economy in the country. This is due to either the reduction or the elimination of state subsidies and investments in commercialized companies. The commercialization process has to go to the next method of denationalisation of property that is to privatization. Therefore, it can be considered to be a transitional step towards privatization.

scholarly journals Local spatial policy in Ukraine and Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3(31)) ◽  
pp. 11-27
Author(s):  
Maciej J. Nowak ◽  
Roman M. Lozynskyy ◽  
Viktoriya Pantyley
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Union Member ◽  
European Union Member State ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Spatial Management ◽  
Spatial Policy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The article aims to compare the local tools of Ukrainian and Polish spatial policy. It includes legal solutions (with a particular emphasis on the basics of development restrictions) and problems related to their application diagnosed in the literature on the subject. Based on the analysis of the spatial management systems of both countries, the similarities and differences were determined, referring them to the international discussion and suggesting directions for further research (on the spatial management systems of Central and Eastern European countries). Ukraine and Poland were selected for analysis in terms of similarities (partially similar historical conditions, location) and differences (status of a European Union Member State, spatial planning traditions).

scholarly journals A Real Witcher—Slavic or Universal; from a Book, a Game or a TV Series? In the Circle of Multimedia Adaptations of a Fantasy Series of Novels “The Witcher” by A. Sapkowski

Arts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Sławomir Gawroński ◽  
Kinga Bajorek
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
National Pride ◽  
Polish People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Eastern European Countries

A series of novels about a witcher, written by Andrzej Sapkowski almost thirty years ago, has now become an inspiration for the creation of mass productions of mainstream popular culture—film and multimedia adaptations for use in computer games. It is one of the few examples of global messages of mass culture being based on Polish creativity. The recognition of “The Witcher”, due to the Netflix production, soon contributed to building the national pride of Polish people, and at the same time sparked a discussion in Central and Eastern European countries on the consequences of the multimedia adaptation of Andrzej Sapkowski’s prose. Questions about the dissonance between the Slavic and universal dimensions of “The Witcher” in relation to the original novels and their adaptations are a part of the traditional discourse on the adaptability of literature and its consequences for the reception by the audience. This article tries to capture the specific character of the adaptations of Andrzej Sapkowski’s literature from the point of view of typology, known from the literature of the subject, as well as to answer the question about the consequences of the discrepancy between the original book and its adaptations in the form of a film, a TV series, and computer games. The considerations in the article were based on the literature analysis and the research based on the existing sources.

Structural change and transition in the agricultural sector: Experience of Serbia

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalija Bogdanov ◽  
Vesna Rodić ◽  
Matteo Vittuari
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The economic and political crisis Serbia had to face during the nineties affected the competitive advantages its agricultural sector had in comparison with the other countries of the region. Despite a number of differences related to the specific economic, political and social settings and developments, the reform path Serbia started in 2000 showed a number of similarities, but also some differences in comparison with most of the Central and Eastern European Countries. In this paper the main features of structural changes in the Serbian agricultural sector are analyzed, also in comparison with other countries in the region, the basic factors that contributed to these changes are identified and explained, and the key consequences and implications of this process are examined.

scholarly journals Features of the legal regulation of the agro-industrial complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 08077
Author(s):  
Ludmila Spektor ◽  
Vadim Tinshin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Cis Countries

The purpose of the article is to study the legal regulation of the agro-industrial complex on the territory of the Russian Federation. Also, this article will consider examples of the CIS countries and countries bordering on the territory of Russia. This work will present: definition (APC), study of the subject and method of legal regulation, which are applied in relation to the agro-industrial complex in Russia, the history of the creation of agricultural complexes in the territory of the Russian Federation, we will talk about industries, the export of agricultural products, as well as what kind of assistance the Russian state and the CIS countries provide in the agricultural sector, support for the agro-industrial complex will also be considered.

scholarly journals Transformation of Central and Eastern European Countries from the Perspective of New Institutional Economics

Ekonomika ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Swatek
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Economic transformation in Central and Eastern European countries is a very complex process widely discussed in the literature on the subject. It has also become the subject of research and analyses of New Institutional Economics which pays attention to new aspects of transformation. From the NIE perspective, transformation is a long-lasting process of changes of formal institutions, especially property rights and contracts, and informal institutions, such as ethical standards, conventions, religious beliefs and mentality of society. The success of the transformation depends on the degree to which new formal rules correspond to informal rules existing in society. The assessment of the quality of Central and Eastern European countries leaves a lot to be desired; the highest level was achieved by the EU member states, whereas the republics of the former USSR are in the worst situation. The underlying causes of such diversified results of political transformations are disparate historical traditions connected with the market economy and unequal preparation of societies to exist both in the free market conditions and in the diversified political, social and economic situation.The improvement of governing quality is a priority in post-communist countries. Achieving a positive institutional effect requires much time and consistent actions, but from the time perspective it is crucial in order to enjoy economic success.

scholarly journals Passing-on of Overcharges and the Implementation of the Damages Directive in CEE Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
Raimundas Moisejevas
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Member States ◽  
National Courts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
New Framework

The article focuses on the concept of passing-on of overcharges and the peculiarities of its regulation by the Damages Directive. The Damages Directive obliges Member States to ensure that the defendant in an action for damages may invoke the passing-on defence. Moreover, the Directive establishes the new framework and the main principles that govern the application of the passing-on defence. The national case law on passing-on is very insignificant in Central and Eastern European countries and many questions are expected to be raised in the courts of the CEE Member States. While discussing the concept of passing-on in the Damages Directive, a lot of emphasis should be paid to the issue of causation. Causation will definitely be the subject of most of the questions in cases when an indirect purchaser will bring a claim for damages. Causation may be tricky when an indirect purchaser claims it suffered an ‘overcharge harm’ because of passing-on. In most cases, the issue of causation will be decided mainly by national courts based on national procedural rules. Depending on the situation, passing-on may be used as a basis for the claim (as a ‘sword’) or as a defence (as a ‘shield’). It could be used as a basis for the claim by an indirect purchaser, in case s/he has suffered any harm because of the illegal actions of a cartelist or a dominant company. At the same time, it could be used as a defence by the infringer against a claim for damages. The article also analyses the specifics of the implementation of the Directive into the national laws of CEE Member States.

Polish and Hungarian Poets on the Holocaust

2019 ◽  
pp. 395-408
Author(s):  
George Gömöri
Keyword(s):  
Eastern European ◽  
Paul Celan ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Holocaust Poetry ◽  
Nelly Sachs ◽  
Second World ◽  
Large Corpus

WHEN discussing Holocaust poetry two names usually spring to mind: Paul Celan and Nelly Sachs. There is, however, a large corpus of poems on the subject from two eastern European countries, both of which had large Jewish communities before the Second World War: Poland and Hungary. In what follows I shall discuss the best poetry on the Holocaust from both countries, excluding that written in Yiddish....

Crawling financialization in Central and Eastern Europe using the example of Agriculture

2020 ◽  
pp. 677-696
Author(s):  
Justyna Agnieszka Franc-Dabrowskaa
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Investment Resource ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The article examines the financialization process in Western and Central and Eastern European countries using the example of agriculture, in particular, agricultural land. The phenomenon discussed is identified as ‘crawling financialization' in Central and Eastern Europe. Countries whose economies underwent a socialpolitical transformation in the 1990s proved to be resistant to the heavy impact of the 2008 financial crisis. Agriculture is one area that should be examined for the phenomenon of financialization, because agricultural land is a desirable investment resource (after exhausting relatively safe opportunities in the financial market), and because investors from capital markets are increasingly moving into commodity markets to speculate on raw materials and agricultural products. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the extent of this phenomenon - whether it's defined as aggressive investment or the crawling financialization of agricultural markets. This paper outlines the determinants of the development of financialization in the food sector, and examines the concept of both ‘galloping' and ‘creeping' financialization and their implications for the agricultural sector, with particular emphasis on agricultural land. Considering the fact that ‘financialization' is a fuzzy concept that is open to interpretation, an attempt was made to concretize it by dividing countries into developed or developing. In addition, attention was paid to the decline in the share of agricultural land in the long-term, and the transfer of investors' free cash from high-risk markets to the agricultural land market. This is prompted by the specific features of land, such as its inconsistency, non-reproducibility, and theoretically also indestructibility.

scholarly journals Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment Inflows in Central and Eastern European Countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kinga Stawicka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Fdi Determinants

In the paper the author tries to analyse the value of foreign direct investments inflow into certain Central and Eastern Europe countries and to assess determinants which cause these countries to attract large value of the foreign direct investments. Twenty countries of the aforementioned region were analysed. Ten of them belong to the European Union including three belonging to the Eurozone. Additionally, the paper contains presentation of the most significant determinants of the foreign direct investments based on investors’ motives. In order to achieve the aforementioned goal, the author reviewed the literature on the subject paying special attention to the issues in question, and she presented the results of the survey focused on the FDI determinants in the economies which are the subject of this paper. The paper also contains results of two surveys conducted by the author in 2006 and 2012 regarding motives of the entrepreneurs who make foreign direct investments in the territory of the EU countries. Review of the theory, analysis of general empirical observations and own surveys of the author prove that the size of a market, the possibility to maximize profits and discounts and privileges for investors are the most substantial internal and external factors which encourage entrepreneurs to invest on foreign markets. Moreover, membership in the European Union and/or the Eurozone, as well as the warranty of macroeconomic stability of a country also pose a substantial advantage when an investor chooses the location for an investment.

Pragmatic Language Performance of Children Adopted Internationally

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-514
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Hwa-Froelich ◽  
Hisako Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
False Belief ◽  
Pragmatic Language ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Emotion Identification ◽  
False Belief Understanding ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Pragmatic Communication ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Purpose Pragmatic language is important for social communication across all settings. Children adopted internationally (CAI) may be at risk of poorer pragmatic language because of adverse early care, delayed adopted language development, and less ability to inhibit. The purpose of this study was to compare pragmatic language performance of CAI from Asian and Eastern European countries with a nonadopted group of children who were of the same age and from similar socioeconomic backgrounds as well as explore the relationship among emotion identification, false belief understanding, and inhibition variables with pragmatic language performance. Method Using a quasi-experimental design, 35 four-year-old CAI (20 Asian, 15 Eastern European) and 33 children who were not adopted were included in this study. The children's pragmatic language, general language, and social communication (emotion identification of facial expressions, false belief understanding, inhibition) were measured. Comparisons by region of origin and adoption experience were completed. We conducted split-half correlation analyses and entered significant correlation variables into simple and backward regression models. Results Pragmatic language performance differed by adoption experience. The adopted and nonadopted groups demonstrated different correlation patterns. Language performance explained most of the pragmatic language variance. Discussion Because CAI perform less well than their nonadopted peers on pragmatic communication measures and different variables are related to their pragmatic performance, speech-language pathologists may need to adapt assessment and intervention practices for this population.

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