REDUCING TOTAL ENERGY COSTS FOR TECHNOLOGICAL OPERATIONS IN AGRICULTURE - A WAY TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS TO THE ATMOSPHERE

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Kamil Khafizov

The article is devoted to the search for ways to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere when performing technological operations in agricultural production. It is proposed to calculate the efficiency of using machine and tractor units based on the methods of physical economics, when not a monetary unit is used as an indicator of efficiency, but an energy unit, which is an indirect indicator of saving or increasing emissions of carbon dioxide. It is substantiated that a decrease in total energy costs when performing technological operations for the production of grain and other crops directly leads to a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Examples of computational experiments are given to identify the most optimal brand of a tractor and optimize the parameters of the working width and speed of the seeding machine-tractor unit K-5250 + Agromaster, leading to a decrease in total energy costs and, accordingly, to a decrease in carbon dioxide emissions and carbon sequestration from the air by reducing losses harvest

Author(s):  
Lisa Kemmerer

Cheap meat, dairy, and eggs are an illusion—we pay for each with depleted forests, polluted freshwater, soil degradation, and climate change. Diet is the most critical decision we make with regard to our environmental footprint—and what we eat is a choice that most of us make every day, several times a day. Dietary choice contributes powerfully to greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and water pollution. Animal agriculture is responsible for an unnerving quantity of greenhouse gas emissions. Eating animal products—yogurt, ice cream, bacon, chicken salad, beef stroganoff, or cheese omelets—greatly increases an individual’s contribution to carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions. Collectively, dietary choice contributes to a classic “tragedy of the commons.” Much of the atmosphere’s carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed by the earth’s oceans and plants, but a large proportion lingers in the atmosphere—unable to be absorbed by plants or oceans (“Effects”). Plants are not harmed by this process, but the current overabundance of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes acidification of the earth’s oceans. As a result of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, the “acidity of the world’s ocean may increase by around 170% by the end of the century,” altering ocean ecosystems, and likely creating an ocean environment that is inhospitable for many life forms (“Expert Assessment”). Burning petroleum also leads to wars that devastate human communities and annihilate landscapes and wildlife—including endangered species and their vital habitats. Additionally, our consumption of petroleum is linked with oil spills that ravage landscapes, shorelines, and ocean habitat. Oil pipelines run through remote, fragile areas—every oil tanker represents not just the possibility but the probability of an oil spill. As reserves diminish, our quest for fossil fuels is increasingly environmentally devastating: Canada’s vast reserves of tar sands oil—though extracted, transported, and burned only with enormous costs to the environment—are next in line for extraction. Consuming animal products creates ten times more fossil fuel emission per calorie than does consuming plant foods directly (Oppenlander 18). (This is the most remarkable given that plant foods are not generally as calorically dense as animal foods.) Ranching is the greatest GHGE offender.


2021 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
E. Maysyuk

Decrease in greenhouse gas emissions is a current trend in solving the climate change problems. The concept of low-carbon cities is extensively discussed nowadays. It aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through integrated mechanisms and measures, which comply with socio-economic development and city management. Since a considerable part of the population lives in cities, the utmost goal of the study is to analyze the situation with emissions of the main greenhouse gas, i.e., carbon dioxide, in the urban environment. The major sources of carbon dioxide emissions are stationary energy facilities of different capacities burning fuel. The paper considers the city of Irkutsk as an example of the populated area included in the study on low carbon cities under the auspices of the Social and Economic Commission for Asia and the Pacific of the UN - UNESCAP. The first stage of the studies involved assessing the current carbon dioxide emissions from energy facilities of the city through the calculation of carbon dioxide emissions from boiler houses and the city cogeneration plant for 1990. The findings revealed the potential of reducing carbon dioxide emissions from energy facilities in Irkutsk. The paper suggests the basic directions and measures to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from the urban energy facilities.


Author(s):  
Mary Schmeida ◽  
Ramona Sue McNeal

The Obama Administration Climate Action Plan is enforcing goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions below 2005 levels by 2020, regulating both stationary and mobile sources of pollution. As energy-related carbon dioxide emissions account for the majority of greenhouse gas emissions, the plan proposed carbon pollution standards for both new and existing plants. Impacts related to upgraded regulations have been projected as both favorable and not, with public and political opinions showing support among some groups and among other interests a concern. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze factors predicting which groups are supportive and non-supportive on setting stricter carbon dioxide emission limits on coal-fired electricity generating power plants. This topic is explored using multivariate regression analysis and individual level data. Findings suggest that comprehension of the policy area and individual financial situation are the most important factors in predicting support for stricter emission limits.


2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Li ◽  
Hongli Li ◽  
Meng Yang ◽  
Ting Lei ◽  
Mingxiang Zhang ◽  
...  

Reservoirs have been regarded as hot spots for greenhouse gas emissions since the 1990s. However, there is scant research about littoral zones of reservoirs. In the present study, static closed chamber and gas chromatograph techniques were used to measure methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) flux in the littoral area of a temperate reservoir from 2009 to 2010. The littoral area comprises three zones, namely supralittoral, eulittoral and infralittoral. The patterns of CH4 and CO2 emissions from these three littoral zones were significantly different during the sampling periods, with the eulittoral zone having the highest CH4 flux and the supralittoral zone having the highest CO2 flux. Temperature and biomass correlated with CH4 and CO2 emissions. Measurement of CO2 emissions after removing vegetation varied in each zone and according to time of sampling. A large littoral area of the reservoir sampled herein will be submerged and converted to a pelagic area with deep standing water after the South to North Water Transfer Project is completed, in 2050. The results of the present study suggest further research and monitoring are needed, and should focus on likely effects of extreme climate events and the effects of human-mediated factors on greenhouse gas emissions.


2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 1437-1443
Author(s):  
Hui Qin Dong ◽  
Hong Lin ◽  
Chao Huang ◽  
Ji Sun

This paper intends to improve the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method in view of the traditional TOPSIS method and combines with the current development of Chinese enterprises. By determining the index weights and attributes, it also constructs a new enterprise decision-making method which based on energy saving and greenhouse gas emissions. According to the survey's raw data, this paper not only calculates the energy levels of conventional coal-fired power plant in North China and an integrated gasification gas-steam combined cycle (IGCC) power plant, but also computes their carbon dioxide emissions. The results show that under the same circumstances, the energy consumption of IGCC power plant is lower than that of the conventional coal-fired power plants, has less carbon dioxide emissions, lower carbon intensity and higher carbon productivity. On the basis, using the improved TOPSIS method, the paper calculates the numerical superiority of two schemes and sorts of them, verified the correctness of this construction method.


2017 ◽  
pp. 1196-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Schmeida ◽  
Ramona Sue McNeal

The Obama Administration Climate Action Plan is enforcing goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions below 2005 levels by 2020, regulating both stationary and mobile sources of pollution. As energy-related carbon dioxide emissions account for the majority of greenhouse gas emissions, the plan proposed carbon pollution standards for both new and existing plants. Impacts related to upgraded regulations have been projected as both favorable and not, with public and political opinions showing support among some groups and among other interests a concern. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze factors predicting which groups are supportive and non-supportive on setting stricter carbon dioxide emission limits on coal-fired electricity generating power plants. This topic is explored using multivariate regression analysis and individual level data. Findings suggest that comprehension of the policy area and individual financial situation are the most important factors in predicting support for stricter emission limits.


2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-850
Author(s):  
Caleb Stewart ◽  
Mir-Akbar Hessami

This paper presents information related to greenhouse gas emissions due to the power consumption of the following household appliances: refrigerators, clothes washers, clothes dryers, freezers, and dishwashers; a possible extension to this analysis would include heaters and air-conditioners. Actual energy consumption data for the period 1993 to 1999 were used to estimate the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1994 to 2009 incremented at 5 years; these data can also be used to estimate the energy consumption of these appliances for 2008–2012 with reference to 1990 for reasons of comparison under the Kyoto Protocol. The total carbon dioxide equivalent emissions for the above household appliances show a peak of 29.6 mega-tonnes CO2 around 1999 with a decreasing trend post 1999 to 27.4 mega-tonnes CO2 in 2009. Details of the analysis for selected appliances show that refrigerators account for over half of total emissions, decreasing from 60.1% in 1994 to 51.6% in 2009. The aggregate trend activity was found to highly depend on the trend activity for emissions for refrigerators. The trend activity for freezers, clothes dryers and clothes washers is increasing for consecutive years from 1994 to 2009 defying the trend exhibited by refrigerators and dishwashers. The reason for this discrepancy is the relatively higher decreases in kWh/annum for refrigerators and dishwashers in contrast to other appliances. The energy consumption curves for each appliance take this differential into account. The energy consumption curve for refrigerators predicts a much faster decrease in kWh/annum than for other appliances thus causing the downward trend post 1999.


2021 ◽  
Vol 330 ◽  
pp. 04002
Author(s):  
Denis Zastrelov ◽  
Ekaterina Lukina ◽  
Ekaterina Snetova

The amount of greenhouse gas emissions in the “Energy sector” on the territory of the Russian Federation is presented. The estimate of potential for greenhouse gas emissions reduction in the energy sector is considered. Recommendations for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the “Energy sector” are provided.


2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Lloyd

The growing interest in the possible use of ethanol from natural sources to blend with petrol (gasoline) derived from crude oil (or synthesis from other fossil fuels) should be supported by knowledge of the likely effect on greenhouse gas emissions. This contribution estimates the emission of CO2 from petrolethanol blends as a function of the volume percentage ethanol in the blend and the consumption of petrol/100km in the average vehicle. The effect of the ethanol having a lower energy per unit mass or volume than petrol is specifically taken into account.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4224
Author(s):  
Jian Xue ◽  
Zeeshan Rasool ◽  
Raima Nazar ◽  
Ahmad Imran Khan ◽  
Shaukat Hussain Bhatti ◽  
...  

Widespread interference of human activities has resulted in major environmental problems, including pollution, global warming, land degradation, and biodiversity loss, directly affecting the sustainability and quality of the environment and ecosystem. The study aims to address the impact of the extraction of natural resources and globalization on the environmental quality in the South Asian countries for the period 1991–2018. A new methodology Dynamic Common Correlated Effects is used to deal with cross-sectional dependence. Most previous studies use only carbon dioxide emissions, which is an inadequate measure of environmental quality. Besides carbon dioxide emissions, we have used other greenhouse gas emissions like nitrous oxide and methane emissions with a new indicator, “ecological footprint”. Long-run estimation results indicate a positive and significant relationship of natural resources with all greenhouse gas emissions and a negative association with the ecological footprint. Globalization shows a negative association with carbon dioxide emissions and nitrous oxide emissions and a positive relationship with the ecological footprint. Institutional performance is negatively correlated with carbon dioxide emissions, methane emissions, and ecological footprint while positively associated with nitrous oxide emissions. The overall findings highlight the pertinence of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and ecological footprint, proper utilizing of natural resources, enhancing globalization, and improving institutional performance to ensure environmental sustainability.


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