scholarly journals Dynamics of violations the absorption function of the small intestine in conditions of acute blood loss complicated by ischemia-reperfusion of the limbs and their correction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-360
Author(s):  
I. Strelbytska ◽  
A. Hudyma
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Blood Loss ◽  
Absorption Function ◽  
Reperfusion Period ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction. In the structure of modern injuries in wartime and peacetime the share of gunshot wounds increased significantly. The timeliness of applying a tourniquet is one of the main methods of saving lives on the battlefield. The patterns of formation of enteral insufficiency syndrome in conditions of acute blood loss complicated by ischemia-reperfusion of the limb have not been studied enough. There are no data on the features of violations of the absorption function of the small intestine in these conditions and the effectiveness of correction with Carbacetam, which is able to reduce the manifestations of acute hemic hypoxia and ischemic-reperfusion syndrome.The objective of research: To establish the peculiarities of the absorption function of the small intestine in the pathogenesis of acute blood loss, ischemia-reperfusion of the limb and their combination. To evaluate the effectiveness of Carbacetam in the correction of identified abnormalities.Materials and methods. The experimental studies were conducted on 108 white nonlinear male rats weighing 200-220 g, which were housed in standard vivarium conditions. All animals were divided into five groups: control and four experimental. Under thiopental-sodium anesthesia in the first experimental group was simulated ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, in the second group – acute blood loss, and in the third group – these injuries were combined. In the fourth experimental group, animals with acute blood loss and ischemia-reperfusion of the limb were intraperitoneally administered Carbacetam at a dose of 5 mg per kilogram of animal weight. After 1 and 2 hours, as well as after 1, 7 and 14 days studied the absorption function of the intestines by D-xylose test.The results and discussion. Simulation of limb ischemia-reperfusion compared with the control group causes a decrease in the content of D-xylose in the urine after 1 day of the reperfusion period. Also, acute blood loss is accompanied by a significant decrease in this indicator after 1 day. Until the end of the experiment the rate increases, but up to 14 days does not reach the level of control. The combination of acute blood loss and ischemia-reperfusion of the limb causes a decrease in the content of D-xylose in the urine starting from 1 hour of the experiment, which reaches a minimum after 1 day and remains at the same level until 14 days. In these terms the rate was the lowest compared to other studied groups. The use of Carbacetam for corrective purposes in rats with acute blood loss complicated by ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, compared with animals without correction significantly reduces the detected abnormalities after 7 days and more after 14 days of use.Conclusions. Complications of acute blood loss by ischemia-reperfusion of the limb causes a significant decrease in the absorption function of the small intestine after 1 day of the experiment. The intensity of disorders was significantly higher compared to other experimental groups. The use of Сarbacetam for 7-14 days in the reperfusion period in animals with acute blood loss complicated by limb ischemia-reperfusion, compared with animals without correction, causes a significant increase in the absorption function of the small intestine. This indicates the protective effect of the drug under the conditions of simulated pathology.

scholarly journals Dynamics of endogenous intoxication indicators in condition of acute blood loss complicated by ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, and their correction by carbacetam

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 394-405
Author(s):  
I. Strelbytska ◽  
A. Hudyma
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Blood Loss ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Endogenous Intoxication ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction. In the structure of injuries from gunshot wounds dominate the limb injuries that are often complicated by massive bleeding from the main vessels. The only means of rescue on the battlefield is a timely application of a tourniquet. This ensures complete exsanguination of the limb. The duration of exsanguination should not exceed 2 hours. It is proved that in conditions of acute blood loss complicated by ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, there are prerequisites for the development of dysfunction of internal organs, which in turn exacerbates dysmetabolic and functional disorders, stimulates endotoxicosis and may be complicated by multiple organ failure. However, the patterns of formation of the syndrome of endogenous intoxication in the conditions of ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, acute blood loss and their combinations have not been studied. There are no data on the effect of Carbacetam on these processes. It is known that Carbacetam has proven itself to reduce the manifestations of dysfunction of internal organs in the conditions of ischemic-reperfusion syndrome of the limb.The objective of research: To establish the dynamics of endogenous intoxication in the conditions of ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, acute blood loss and their combination. To evaluate the effectiveness of Carbacetam in the correction of identified abnormalities.Materials and methods. The experimental studies were conducted on 108 white nonlinear male rats weighing 200-220 g, which were housed in standard vivarium conditions. All animals were divided into five groups: control and four experimental. Under thiopental-sodium anesthesia in the first experimental group was simulated ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, in the second – acute blood loss, and in the third – these injuries were combined. In the fourth experimental group, animals with acute blood loss and ischemia-reperfusion of the limb were intraperitoneally administered Carbacetam at a dose of 5 mg per kilogram of animal weight. After 1 and 2 hours, as well as after 1, 7 and 14 days in the blood serum was determined the content of middle-mass molecules (MMM254, MMM280).The results and discussion. It was found that ischemia-reperfusion of the limb in comparison with the control group is accompanied by a significant increase of the MMM254 fraction in the blood serum content. From the first hour of the experiment with a maximum after 1 day and normalization of the index up to 14 days. The content in the blood serum of the MMM280 fraction became significantly higher, from the control only after 1 day with subsequent normalization in the following terms of the experiment. After simulation of acute blood loss, both studied fractions of MMM increased from 1 hour of the experiment, reached a maximum after 1 day and did not return to the control level after 14 days. For the first time it was found that two-hour ischemia-reperfusion of the limb significantly aggravates the course of acute blood loss, which revealed a significantly higher content in the serum of fractions MMM254 and MMM280 compared to other experimental groups in almost all periods of the experiment. Due to the use of Carbacetam, the content of both studied fractions of MMM in the serum compared with animals without correction was significantly reduced after 7 and 14 days of the experiment. Although the studied parameters did not return to the level of the Carbacetam control group, it can be considered a pathogenetically justified means of reducing the level of endotoxicosis in the conditions of ischemia-reperfusion of the limb and acute blood loss.Conclusions. Simulation of limb ischemia-reperfusion is accompanied by accumulation of MMM254-280 fractions with a maximum after 1 day of the experiment and normalization up to 14 days. Acute blood loss causes an increase in the serum content of fractions MMM254-280 from 1 hour of the experiment, which up to 14 days do not reach the level of control. The detected disorders are significantly exacerbated after a combination of acute blood loss and ischemia-reperfusion of the limb. The use of Carbacetam in comparison with animals without correction is accompanied by a significant decrease in the content of MMM254-280 fractions in the serum after 7 and 14 days of the experiment.

scholarly journals Catalase activity as signal of antioxydant system affection under influence of limb ischemia-reperfusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Nataliya Volotovska
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Mechanical Injury ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ischemic Reperfusion

The use of hemostatic tourniquet is a proved means of primary care. However, systemic disorders, as well as ultrastructural, in the area of compression can significantly worsen the condition of the injured organism. The aim. Estimation of catalase level in rats’ liver on the background of modifications of ischemic-reperfusion syndrome to know the severest pathogenic combination for organism. Materials and methods. 260 white adult male rats were divided into 5 groups: control (KG), EG1 – simulation of isolated ischemia-reperfusion syndrome (IRS) of the limb, EG2 – simulation of isolated volumetric blood loss, EG3 – combination of IRS of the limb with blood loss, EG4 – simulation of isolated mechanical injury of the thigh, EG5 – combination of IRS of the limb and mechanical injury. The variability of catalase level in liver was analyzed. Results. It was found that each of the experimental interventions has led to changes of catalase activity in the liver. The most expressed pathological expressions were observed on the 3rd after interventions, when the studied index in EG3 was lower than in EG1 and EG2 in 6,2 times and by 33,1 %. On the 7th day catalase activity in EG3 was in 9,4 times and by 44,5 % times lower than in EG1 and in EG2 data concordantly. The combination of limb ischemia-reperfusion with blood loss in EG3 led to exhausting of liver antioxydant enzyme catalase in the most critical posttraumatic period (day 3). The same, but less significant effect was registered in the group of combination of mechanical trauma with ischemia-reperfusion in EG5. This proved the role of the tourniquet as a factor that complicated the course of traumatic disease due to ischemic reperfusion. Conclusions. In this experiment, founded risk factors of combination of ischemia-reperfusion with heavy blood loss emphasized the importance and particular attention on such widespread method of bleeding tratment, as the imposition of a tourniquet, as in our experiment it triggered risk factors of ischemia-reperfusion. It was shown katalase activity depression respectively to the periods of increasing of lipid peroxydation. There was peculiarity, that on the base of isolated IRS catalase activity was increased in 2,5 times comparely to control group, whereas the hardest depression of it was found on the background of IRS, combined with blood loss – catalase activity was lower, comparely to KG – in 2,5 times. The importance of understanding the suppression of hepatocytes’ antyoxydants is great, as it might help in prevention the development of liver failure or hepatorenal syndrome on the background of limb ischemia-reperfusion.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF TWO-HOUR TOURNIQUETS ISCHEMIA OF LIMB AND ACUTE BLOOD LOSS ON SYSTEMIC DISORDERS OF THE BODY IN THE REPERFUSION PERIOD (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1330-1333
Author(s):  
Ivanna I. Horban ◽  
Arsen A. Hudyma ◽  
Roman V. Maksymiv ◽  
Iryna V. Antonyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Control Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acute Ischemia ◽  
Acute Blood Loss ◽  
Reperfusion Period ◽  
Bile Excretion ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim: to find out the effect of a two-hour tourniquets ischemia of the limb and acute blood loss on systemic disorders of the body in the postperfusion period. Materials and methods: The experiments were performed on 96 nonlinear male rats weighing 200-220 g. All experiments were performed under sodium thiopental anesthesia. In the first experimental group, two-hour tourniquets limb ischemia was simulated. In the second experimental group, acute blood loss was modeled. In the third experimental group, these lesions were combined. In 1 and 2 hours, as well as in 1, 7 and 14 days, the biliary function of the liver was determined in the experimental animals. Results: Two-hour tourniquets ischemia of the limb in the reperfusion period compared with the control was accompanied by a significant decrease in the rate of bile excretion, which reached a minimum value in 3 h – 1 day of the experiment and returned to the control level in 14 days. After the simulation of acute blood loss, the rate disturbance of bile excretion became significantly greater in all observation periods. The complication of acute ischemia-limb reperfusion caused a greater decrease in the rate of bile excretion with a maximum in 1 day of the experiment. Under these conditions, at 1, 7, and 14 days, the indicator was statistically significantly lower than in the other study groups. Conclusions: In the case of acute blood loss, complicated by two-hour tourniquets ischemia of the limb, the reperfusion period is accompanied by a summation of the negative impact of blood loss, ischemia and reperfusion of the limb on the functional state of the liver, which is a significant decrease in the rate of bile excretion with a maximum in 1 day, which further increases, but up to 14 days does not reach the level of control.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the functional activity changes in rats testicles under conditions of dosage spermatic cord stenosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-485
Author(s):  
M.Ya. Stravska ◽  
A.V. Hantimurov ◽  
T.Ya. Stravskyy ◽  
A.S. Sverstiuk ◽  
O.Ya. Halytska-Kharkhalis
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Spermatic Cord ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
The Third ◽  
Reperfusion Period ◽  
Experimental Group

Infertility in marriage is an important medical, biological, social and demographic problem. Inguinal hernioplasty is objectively considered as a factor of male infertility in 9.8% of cases. Under these pathological conditions, the structural elements of the spermatic cord are compressed those appears the circulatory disturbances in testicle. Disorders of reproductive function often occur precisely because of hemodynamic disorders, which are considered one of the leading pathogenetic factors in the development of male infertility. Purpose — to establish peculiarities of testicles vessels and tissues remodeling under dosed spermatic cord stenosis conditions and during the reperfusion period. The experiments have been carried out on 78 non-linear white male rats, weighting 180–200 grams which were fed due to a standard diet of vivarium. All the animals were divided into four groups: one control group and three experimental ones. The control group included six intact animals. All the other comprised the experimental group which was divided into three series six animals per each depending on the terms of observation. The animals with the model of dosed stenosis of funiculus comprised first experimental group; the animals with the model of dosed stenosis and one-moment decompression, starting from the third day of the experiment comprised the second group; to the third group we referred the animals with the model of dosed stenosis of the funiculus which have undergone decompression with the correction of reperfusion changes due to the method proposed by us, starting from the third day. During the experiment it was established that after one-time decompression of the spermatic cord that was under the experimental stenosis conditions, apereas destructive changes in testicles parenchyma and decreases the functional activity of the organ. Despite that the compression factor has been removed and the blood flow in arteries and veins has been fully restored, there was no improvement in the hemodynamics of the testicle. The use of the dosage decompression method of the spermatic cord helps to improve the hemodynamic conditions of the organ during the reperfusion period. In this case, the detected changes of the testicle’s parenchyma and its intra-organ vessels were less pronounced than during stenosis of the spermatic cord and its one-time decompression. The functional activity of the testicles with use of the reperfusion changes correction, was slightly violated, the spermatogenesis index has been increased and the mature forms of spermatozoa were present in the seminiferous tubules. Thus, the usage of the proposed method of the spermatic cord decompression allows us to obtain positive dynamics in testicles blood vessels remodeling in reperfusion period.

scholarly journals ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РЕАКЦІЇ ГЛУТАТІОНОВОЇ СИСТЕМИ ВНУТРІШНІХ ОРГАНІВ НА ТЛІ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІТРАВМИ

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Volotovska ◽  
A. A. Hudyma
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Malonic Dialdehyde ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glutathione System ◽  
Glutathione Concentration

Nowadays stop the bleeding and fight against its consequences determines further success in the survival and rehabilitation of the victim. It is extremely important to find ways to improve the ischemic metabolism as a result of overlaying a tissue turnstile. Enzymes of the glutathione system are actively involved in combating the effects of hypoxia, therefore, the experimental detection of critical periods of depression of this protectional link is the basis for the further search for effective methods of correction and condition stabilization of the affected organism.The aim of the study – to determine the role of glutathione system of the liver and kidneys in the pathogenesis of experimental ischemia-reperfusion (EIR) in the early and remote post-traumatic periods.Materials and Methods. The object of the study – 196 males of white male rats with a body weight 220–240 g, divided into 4 groups, 10 individuals in each. Animals of the control group were withdrawn from the study without surgical intervention, while in the experimental groups, injuries were simulated: a hemostatic tourniquet on the thigh (J) over two hours; isolated blood loss from the femoral vein (40%) – (K); two-hour ischemia, combined with blood loss (J + K) and two-hour ischemia, combined with blood loss and mechanical trauma (J + K + P). The animals were withdrawn from the experiment at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after the intervention by total bleeding from the heart.Results and Discussion. According to the activation of the lipid peroxidation, which was represented by the growth of the concentration of malonic dialdehyde, diene and trienic conjugates, an active response from the glutathione system was detected: the activation of glutathioneperoxidase activity, an increase of glutathionereductase activity against the decrease restored glutathione concentration. But in the kidney tissue the activity of glutathione system enzymes was somewhat lower, herewith in some periods, conversly, they exceeded liver parameters. These results, in our opinion, indicate that the reason of such their dividing, mainly, it is total debilitation of the glutathione system in the posttraumatical period. It was 1 and 3 days after trauma and partly depended of the injury severity. At the same time, even an isolated overlay of the hemostatic tourniquet led to significant changes of the glutathione system and was represented by response to the activation of lipid peroxidation. This confirms the necessity to continue the series of experiments.Conclusions. The obtained results of the experiments revealed a significant inhibition of the reduced glutathione concentration in the liver, and no so expressed in the kidneys. Especially depression of its activity was on the background of bleeding associated with ischemia, and bleeding associated with ischemia and mechanical trauma. Decrease of glutathioneperoxidase and glutathionereductase activity coincided with increase of lipid peroxidation.

scholarly journals Effects of L-alanyl-glutamine upon the blood and kidney biochemical parameters in the rat hind limb model of ischemia/reperfusion

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Antonio Alves ◽  
Sérgio Botelho Guimarães ◽  
Daniel Aguiar Dias ◽  
Paulo Roberto Cavalcante de Vasconcelos ◽  
Vicente de Paulo Martins Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Reperfusion Period

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of l-alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) intragastric administration upon blood and kidney metabolic parameters alterations in rats subjected to ischemia/reperfusion of hind limb. METHODS: Forty-eight male rats were randomized in 2 groups offered via gavage either saline 2.0 mL (G-1) or Ala-Gln solution 0.75 mgKg-1(G-2) once a day at 7 AM during 7 days. One-hour after the last gavage (Day 7) all rats were submitted to ether anesthesia, laparotomy and clamping of the left iliac artery for 3 h. Kidney and blood samples were collected at the end of ischemic period (3h) and at 1-3-6h during reperfusion period for metabolites (pyruvate, lactate, glucose and ketone bodies) enzymatic analysis. ATP was also assayed in kidney samples. RESULTS: Lactacemia and ketonemia were significantly increased in Ala-Gln treated rats during reperfusion. Kidney pyruvate concentrations were significantly decreased and tissue lactate concentrations were significantly increased during reperfusion (1h and 3h) in G-2 rats compared with respective controls. Glucose, ATP and ketone bodies concentrations were significantly increased in the kidney in L-Ala-Gln treated rats at 3 hours after reperfusion as compared to respective controls. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral hind limb ischemia in L-Ala-Gln pre-treated rats may induce increased lactacemia and increased kidney lactate concentrations, indicating increased glycolytic activity in renal medulla and in other peripheral tissues. Higher ketonemia during reperfusion may reflect a possible increase in ketogenesis due to lower insulin plasma concentration hepatic signaling as a result of increased glucose oxidation in peripheral tissues, caused by the intra-gastric administration of glutamine dipeptide, suggesting also decreased insulin resistance.

scholarly journals The effect of cranioskeletal trauma complicated by blood loss on the functional state of the liver in the early period of traumatic disease in rats with different resistance to hypoxia and their correction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-269
Author(s):  
D. O. Sikirynska ◽  
A. A. Hudyma ◽  
A. H. Shulhai ◽  
K. A. Pokhodun
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acute Blood Loss ◽  
Loss Model ◽  
Resistance To Hypoxia ◽  
Bile Excretion ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction. Traumatic events are considered to be one of the current problems in modern urban society. Beyond being the immediate cause of the death of the injured, the development of multiple organ failure syndrome is a perilous complication of severe multiple and combined trauma. An experimental cranioskeletal trauma is known to be accompanied by internal organ dysfunction. Nonetheless, the development of organ dysfunction in terms of hypoxia resistance in the presence of cranioskeletal trauma remains insufficiently studied.The objective of research: to establish the dynamics of the functional state of the liver in the presence of cranioskeletal trauma, complicated by blood loss in rats with different hypoxia resistance in the early period of traumatic disease and evaluate the efficacy of Thiocetam in the correction of identified abnormalities.Material and methods: The experimental studies were conducted on 196 white non-linear male rats weighing 180-200g. Initially, an individual resistance to hypoxia of the rats was estimated, and the animals demonstrated high- and low- resistance value to hypoxia (HR and LR, respectively) were selected for the further study. The HR- and LR-rats were separately divided into 4 groups: control and three experimental once. In the first experimental groups the HR-and LR-animals were induced the cranioskeletal trauma under thiopental sodium anesthesia (40 mg·kg-1); the animals of the second experimental groups were inflicted the acute blood loss of 20-22% of circulating blood volume; in the third experimental groups, the HR and LR animals were subjected to an acute blood loss following the cranioskeletal trauma and administered the intraperitoneal injection of the Thiocetam at a dose of 250 mg·кg-1 of body weight once a day for correction. The bile excretion function of the liver was analyzed in the controls and experimental groups of animals 1, 3 and 7 days after trauma.The results and discussion. The conducted studies indicated the higher rate of bile excretion in the control group of LR-rats compared to the control of HR-rats. The rate of bile excretion was occurred decreased in both HR- and LR-rats under the influence of the cranioskeletal trauma. However, the degree of decrease in the studied parameter of the LR-rats was considerably greater than the corresponding value of the HR-rats. An additional blood loss model resulted in more marked abnormalities, particularly in the experimental group of LR-rats. The 7-day administration of Thiocetam led to the significant decrease in the abnormal bile excretion rate in the experimental groups of HR- and LR-rats compared to the animals without corrective medication. The analysis of deviation degree of the studied parameter in the animals administered Thiocetam in relation to the animals without correction evidenced better efficacy of the medication in the experimental group consisted of LR-rats compared to the group of HR-rats, especially under the conditions of additional acute blood loss model. Consequently, Thiocetam is able to compensate less-developed defense mechanisms of LR-rats compared to the HR-rats, which should be taken into consideration in real-life clinical practice settings in the comprehensive treatment of the injured with cranioskeletal trauma complicated by blood loss considering the possibility to determine their resistance to hypoxia.Conclusions. The rate of bile excretion as a basic indicator of the functional state of the liver in the intact LR-rats is found to be substantially higher than in HR-rats. The degree of decrease in the rate of bile excretion is significantly greater in LR-rats after 7 days of the post-traumatic period under the influence of cranioskeletal trauma complicated by acute blood loss. The administration of Thiocetam is accompanied by a marked positive effect on the rate of bile excretion in the HR- and LR-rats, but the degree of increase in the studied parameter is considerably greater in the experimental group of LR-rats.

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