scholarly journals Gender stereotypes in the pictures that represent the activities in the wild in the books of Physical Education Primary

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (40) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Irene Moya-Mata ◽  
Laura Ruiz-Sanchis ◽  
Julio Martín Sanchis ◽  
Concepción Ros Ros
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Analysis Of The Images ◽  
Educational Potential

Gender stereotypes related to physical activity are still present in both primary and secondary education. The educational potential of activities in the natural environment has been highlighted in numerous studies. The objective of this research was to analyze the activities in the natural environment and their linkage according to sex, represented in the textbooks of Physical Education in the stage of Primary School, published in Organic Law 2/2006, of May 3, Of Education. The total of the sample of images in the nature (n = 99), collected in 34 textbooks, belonging to six Spanish publishers were analyzed. For the content analysis of the images, the SAIMEF (Physical Analysis Images Analysis System) tool, elaborated ad hoc, was used. The results showed that the activities in the natural environment (p<0.05) are performed by men, who belong to the age group of the children, who practice mountain sports, namely orienteering, being the terrestrial environment the most used to carry out these activities. In contrast, women, especially girls, performed mountain sports, specifically climbing, being the aquatic medium the most used. It is therefore necessary to reflect the textbooks used in the area of Physical Education to avoid the transmission of gender stereotypes and offer models with which to identify both personally and socially for both sexes. Key words: Image; gender; textbooks; physical education, natural environment.

scholarly journals Diseño, fiabilidad y validez de una herramienta para el análisis de las imágenes de los libros de texto de Educación Física (Design, reliability, and validity of a tool for the analysis of images of physical education textbooks)

Retos ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 240-246
Author(s):  
Irene Moya-Mata ◽  
Julio Martín Ruiz ◽  
Laura Ruiz Sanchis ◽  
Concepción Ros Ros
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Kappa Coefficient ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Human Figure ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Educación Primaria ◽  
Analysis Errors

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo diseñar una herramienta, a partir de dos sistemas de categorías validados previamente, que pudiera analizar las imágenes impresas en los libros de texto de Educación Física (EF) en la etapa de Educación Primaria. Para ello se desarrolló SAIMEF (Sistema de Análisis de Imágenes en Educación Física), una aplicación php diseñada ad hoc, que facilita el acceso al sistema y minimiza los errores de análisis. La herramienta consta de dos sistemas de categorías para el análisis: SC-I para las imágenes en las que aparece la figura humana realizando actividad física (con 72 indicadores) y SC-II para el resto de las imágenes (con 47 indicadores). La validez del sistema se realizó mediante el análisis de tres observadores para comprobar la congruencia de la herramienta. La muestra se compuso de 192 imágenes publicadas en los libros de texto de EF en Educación Primaria, bajo la Ley Orgánica de Educación. Para el cálculo de la fiabilidad del sistema se aplicó el coeficiente de Kappa que obtuvo una concordancia de 0.81. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que la herramienta SAIMEF es fiable y válida para analizar las imágenes de los libros de texto de EF en la etapa de Primaria. Abstract. This research aims to design a tool from two previously validated category systems that could analyze images printed on textbooks of Physical Education (PE) in Primary Education. For this, SAIMEF (Image Analysis System in Physical Education) was developed, a php application designed ad hoc, which facilitates access to the system and minimizes analysis errors. The tool consists of two systems of categories for the analysis: SC-I for the images in which the human figure appears performing physical activity (with 72 indicators) and SC-II for the rest of the images (with 47 indicators). The validity of the system was assessed through the analysis of three observers who checked the congruence of the tool. The sample consisted of 192 images published in textbooks of PE in Primary Education under the Education Law. Kappa coefficient was employed to calculate the reliability of the system, obtaining a concordance of 0.81. The results indicated that the SAIMEF tool is reliable and valid to analyze the images of textbooks in primary PE.

scholarly journals Las actividades en el medio natural en la educación física escolar. Formación y actitud del profesorado de Educación Primaria (The nature activities in physical education. Formation and attitude of teachers in Elementary School)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 122-126
Author(s):  
Rubén Navarro Patón ◽  
Victor Arufe Giraldez ◽  
Estefanía Sancosmed Santaballa
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Education Act ◽  
Educación Primaria ◽  
New Education

Con la realización de este trabajo pretendemos conocer sí existen diferencias o no, en cuanto actividades en el medio natural que se realizan en el marco del área de Educación Física en los centros educativos rurales y urbanos de Primaria de la provincia de Lugo. Con este propósito, se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal utilizando como instrumento de recogida de datos un cuestionario ad hoc, consistente en 30 preguntas, haciendo hincapié en factores como los que favorecen su puesta en práctica, aspectos relacionados en cuanto a metodología, al tipo de contenidos y actividades que se realizan y su evaluación. Participaron en el estudio 35 docentes (18 mujeres y 17 hombres). Los resultados muestran un cierto interés de los docentes de Educación Física hacia la realización de este tipo de salidas. No se halló una relación estadística significativa entre los docentes que realizaron cursos de formación o formación inicial sobre este tipo de actividades y su interés en la realización de salidas a la naturaleza, tampoco se halló relación entre el tipo de centro, urbano o rural, y la programación de actividades físicas en el medio natural. Como conclusión y siendo conocedores de las limitaciones de nuestro trabajo es conveniente la realización de futuros estudios sobre este ámbito ahora que en la nueva Ley educativa así aparece reflejado, además de facilitar al docente cursos de formación permanente en este campo con el fin de que adquiera un mayor dominio de estos contenidos, ya según la muestra estudiada la mayoría consideran insuficiente su formación inicial sobre estas actividades.Palabras clave. Actividades físicas en el medio natural, profesorado, Educación Primaria, educación física.Abstract. With performing this paper, we claim to know the differences do exist or not, as activities in the natural environment that are performed within the area of physical education in rural and urban primary schools in the province of Lugo. For this purpose, a cross-sectional descriptive study using as an instrument of data collection an ad hoc questionnaire consisting of 30 questions, emphasizing factors such as favoring their implementation, aspects in terms of methodology, the type was performed content and activities carried out and evaluation. Participated in the study 35 teachers (18 women and 17 men). The results show some interest in physical education teachers towards achieving these outputs. A statistically significant relationship between teachers who conducted training or initial training in this type of activity and interest in conducting nature outings was found. In conclusion and being knowledgeable about the limitations of our work is desirable future studies on this area now that the new Education Act and is reflected also facilitate the teaching continuing education courses in this field in order to acquire greater mastery of these contents as how emerges from this study, most consider insufficient respect their initial training.Keywords: Physical activities in the natural environment, teachers, primary education, physical education.

scholarly journals Interactive Strategy Optimizing the Attraction of Physical Activities for Teenagers According to Gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Chawki Derbali ◽  
Fathi Matoussi ◽  
Ali Elloumi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Sexual Differences ◽  
Internal Logic ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sports Activities ◽  
Analyze Data

This aim of this research is to explore and analyze to what extent the strategies to which physical education didacticsin Tunisia contributed to address the duplication of gender stereotypes. A typical approach with binary choiceregression was applied to analyze data obtained from questionnaires completed by 1326 adolescent students (724girls and 602 boys) from Tunisia. Results relieved that sport opportunities are limited by the separate expectations ofmales and females in physical education and sport settings. The analysis reveals that gender stereotypes affect girls'sports activities and that is particularly true for sports suitable for boys. The effect of the appropriated stereotype wassignificantly higher for sports practices perceived as masculine. The research ends with imminent based on thedistinction between gender skills and gender interest and implications for sport activities in order to enhanceparticipation, enjoyment, and wellbeing of people in physical education and sport activities. Hence, the need todevelop an internal logic of practice of sports activities by repeating individual and sexual differences.

scholarly journals Gender equity in physical education: The use of language

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Óscar del Castillo Andrés ◽  
Santiago Romero Granados ◽  
Teresa González Ramírez ◽  
María del Carmen Campos Mesa
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Significance Levels ◽  
Priority Order

This study analyzed Spanish teachers' behavior and the transmission of gender stereotypes. We observed 48 physical education lessons given by four Spanish teachers (two men and two women). Descriptive codes, which were generated iteratively, were clustered, categorized, integrated, recoded, and re-categorized. They allowed us to identify four major themes related to the transmission of gender stereotypes of teachers: male generics, stereotyped expressions, nominative attention, and priority order. We used a coding sheet as well as audio and video recordings to register the categories. The Kruskal-Wallis test produced significance levels lower than .05, resulting in the rejection of the null hypothesis. Sexist behavior was found in the male generics, nominative attention, and priority order. However, we found no difference in stereotyped expressions.

scholarly journals La representación de la discapacidad en las imágenes de los libros de texto de Educación Física: ¿inclusión o exclusión? (Representation of disabilities in Physical Education textbooks image: inclusion or exclusion?)

Retos ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Irene Moya-Mata ◽  
Laura Ruiz Sanchis ◽  
Julio Martin Ruiz ◽  
Petra María Pérez Alonso-Geta ◽  
Concepción Ros Ros
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Levene Test

El objetivo de la investigación es mostrar cómo se representan las personas con discapacidad en las imágenes de los libros de texto de Educación Física en la etapa de Educación Primaria. El estudio es de tipo empírico, descriptivo y comparativo entre los libros de texto analizados. La muestra recogió 3836 imágenes de libros de texto publicados en España entre los años 2006 y 2013, bajo la Ley Orgánica de Educación (LOE). La técnica de investigación fue el análisis de contenido a través de un sistema de categorías elaborado ad hoc, previa validación y fiabilidad mediante una prueba piloto, una consulta a expertos/as y una prueba intercodificadores. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el software SPSS 19.0. Se realizó un análisis univariante y bivariante con la prueba Kolmogorov-Smirnov, la prueba de Levene y el test Ji-Cuadrado de Pearson con un nivel de significación del 5%. Los resultados mostraron que las personas con discapacidad son prácticamente excluidas en dichas imágenes, siendo casi invisible la mujer con discapacidad. A su vez, la persona con discapacidad es de raza blanca, entre niña y joven y con una discapacidad física, principalmente representada en silla de ruedas. La actividad física que aparece en este colectivo se asocia a la práctica deportiva, en un ámbito competitivo y de máximo nivel. Estos resultados están muy alejados de la inclusión de la discapacidad en la sociedad actual y concretamente, en los libros de texto de Educación Física en Primaria, del sistema educativo español.  Abstract. The objective of this research is to show how people with disabilities are represented in Physical Education textbooks in use in Primary Education. The study design is empirical, descriptive, and focuses on comparing between the analyzed textbooks. A sample of 3,836 images were collected from textbooks published in Spain between 2006 and 2013, under the Organic Law of Education (LOE). A research technique based on content analysis was employed through a tailor-made system of categories, which was previously tested for validity and reliability in a pilot study, by consulting experts, as well as by intercoder agreement test. The statistical analysis of data was performed using the software SPSS 19.0. Univariate and bivariate analysis with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Levene test and Pearson Chi-Square test were performed, setting the significance level at 5%. Results showed that people with disabilities are mostly excluded in these images, especially impaired women. Disabled people are represented as Caucasian, either children or youth with a physical disability, mostly using wheelchair. Physical activity appearing in this group is associated with sports at a competitive and maximum level. These results are far from the inclusion of disability in today's society and specifically in textbooks of Physical Education in Primary Education within the Spanish educational system.

scholarly journals Cabin Fever: Exploring the Possibility of a Wilderness Experience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Brittany Inglis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Design Intent ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Wilderness Experience ◽  
In The Wild

<p>New Zealand’s backcountry huts do not stimulate a meaningful connection between the occupant and their surrounding natural environment. Generic solutions provided by the Department of Conservation are dictated by a nostalgic frame of mind, rather than evolving from the intrinsic qualities of nature. This exploration is for those who seek to find and feel a sense of wilderness in our modern times. Despite our inherent desires to be amongst nature, our architecture does not facilitate our fascination. The intimate scale of interiors provides an insight that is detailed and intuitive, allowing for the emotive experience of the occupant to be the primary concern of the design intent. This thesis investigates the potential for a new wilderness experience by exploring and critiquing past and present backcountry huts. By focusing on the necessities needed for survival in a manner that dissolves the physical and mental barriers that these factors can implement, the outcome provides a vison for alternative habitation in the wild.</p>

Body image(s): Problematizing future physical education teachers’ beliefs about the body and physical activity through visual imagery

2021 ◽  
pp. 1356336X2110562
Author(s):  
Gustavo González-Calvo ◽  
Vanesa Gallego-Lema ◽  
Göran Gerdin ◽  
Daniel Bores-García
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Teachers Beliefs ◽  
The World

Visual culture affects the way people understand the world and themselves, contributing to the creation of certain roles and stereotypes, some of which are related to body image. This study focused on interrogating future physical education teachers’ beliefs about the body and physical activity to understand the construction of bodily subjectivities and their perceptions of how these are influenced by visual (physical) culture. Data were collected through the use of visual methods consisting of photo-elicitation and individual interviews with 23 students from a Primary Education Degree with a specialization in physical education at a Spanish university. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. The results of the study show that these future physical education teachers are aware of both the great influence of gender stereotypes and the values of consumerism in the field of physical activity stemming largely from the media, which inevitably will shape their future professional practice. However, the results also highlight how these future physical education teachers consider and position the subject of physical education as an important space where they could help students problematize and challenge these beliefs. We suggest that a focus on visual (physical) literacy is needed for future physical education teachers (and their students) to understand the world from a socially critical perspective and transform it in the interest of equity and social justice.

The Effect of Planning on the Teaching Behavior of Preservice Physical Education Teachers

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Imwold ◽  
Robert A. Rider ◽  
Bernadette M. Twardy ◽  
Pamela S. Oliver ◽  
Michael Griffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Education Majors ◽  
Physical Education Majors ◽  
Lesson Content ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Planning Group ◽  
Process Interaction

The purpose of this study was to compare the teaching process interaction behavior of teachers who planned for classes with those who did not plan. Senior physical education majors served as the teaching subjects for this study—six in the planning (experimental) group and six in the no-plan (control) group. Each teacher taught the same lesson content for a 15-minute episode. The planning group spent 1 hour before the lesson writing explicit plans, while the control group was given 2 minutes just before the lesson to gather their thoughts and be informed of the content to be covered. The behaviors of all teachers were observed by the Cheffers Adaptation of the Flanders’ Interaction Analysis System (CAFIAS). The results indicated significant differences in only two interaction categories: amount of directions given and the amount of silence. Both variables were better for the planning group.

Gender-Biased Communication in Physical Education

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-509
Author(s):  
Julia A. Valley ◽  
Kim C. Graber
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
And Gender

Purpose:This study examined physical education teachers’ awareness of gender equitable practices as well as the language and behaviors they employed in the physical education environment. The purpose of the study was to determine (a) what teachers know about gender equitable practices, (b) what types of gender bias are demonstrated, and (c) how teachers are influenced to adopt gender equitable behaviors in the physical education context.Method:A multiple-case study approach was used to provide an in-depth analysis of the attitudes and behaviors of four physical education teachers from four different schools. Teachers were formally and informally interviewed before, during, and after four extensive two-week periods of observations that included being audio recorded throughout the school day.Results:Themes emerged across the cases indicating that teachers engaged in teaching practices that reinforced gender stereotypes through biased language and gender segregation.Discussion/Conclusion:Teachers’ lack of awareness and understanding of gender equity prevented them from providing an inclusive learning experience for all students.

Artificial fertilisation in a terrestrial toadlet (Pseudophryne guentheri): effect of medium osmolality, sperm concentration and gamete storage

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimee J. Silla
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Sperm Viability ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Fertilisation Success ◽  
Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis ◽  
Analysis System

Anurans exhibit a greater reproductive diversity than any other vertebrate order. However, studies investigating the effects of the external fertilisation environment on fertilisation success are limited to aquatic-breeding species. This study investigated the effects of fertilisation medium osmolality, sperm concentration and short-term oocyte storage on fertilisation success in a terrestrial-breeding anuran, Pseudophryne guentheri. Split-clutch experimental designs were used to determine optimal fertilisation conditions. To determine the effect of short-term sperm storage, sperm viability was assessed using fluorescence microscopy and percentage sperm motility and velocity quantified with a computer-assisted sperm analysis system. Fertilisation success was highest in media ranging in osmolality from 25 mOsm kg–1 to 100 mOsm kg–1, representing a broader range and higher optimal osmolality than previously reported for aquatic breeders. High rates of fertilisation (>75%) were achieved in relatively low sperm concentrations (2.5 × 104 mL–1). Oocytes stored in isotonic solutions (200 mOsm kg–1) retained fertilisation capacity (32%) after 8 h of storage, while sperm suspensions maintained motility (≥26%) for 13 days. Additional studies on terrestrial-breeding anurans will be required to ascertain whether the optimal fertilisation conditions reported reflect adaptations to achieve fertilisation in a terrestrial environment.

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