scholarly journals Enhancing Germination of Seeds of Cassia abbreviata and Senegalia nigrescens Using Pre-Sowing Seed Treatments in Botswana

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Melusi Rampart ◽  
Demel Teketay ◽  
Kamogelo Makgobota ◽  
Witness Mojeremane ◽  
Ronnie Mmolotsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Indigenous Tree Species ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
And Control

Cassia abbreviata and Senegalia nigrescens are indigenous trees found in North and Central regions of Botswana. However, inadequate knowledge of their silviculture and decline in population due to deforestation, expanding settlements, infrastructure and agriculture are major threats to most indigenous tree species in Botswana. Like many indigenous tree species, Cassia abbreviata and Senegalia nigrescens are slow-growing and are threatened by overexploitation for numerous uses. Because of the increased demand for medicinal uses, medicinal species such Cassia abbreviata are rapidly disappearing in many habitats and threatened to extinction. This study assessed the response of pre-sowing treatment methods on quiescency and germination of seeds of Cassia abbreviata and Senegalia nigrescens tree species found in semiarid Savanna Ecozone of Botswana. Pre-sowing treatment included immersion in 98% undiluted sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes, submergence in boiling water for one, two, three minutes and submerged in warm water for 24 hours, mechanical scarification of the seed coat and control. ANOVA showed that there is a highly significant difference (P < 0.0001) among the treatments of C. abbreviata in seed germination and no significant difference among the treatments of S. nigrescens. The highest germination percentage of C. abbreviata seeds was 81%, which was found from seeds immersed in H2SO4 for 30 minutes, while for S. nigrescens seeds, the highest germination percentage was 99%, which was found from seeds treated with mechanical scarification and those immersed in H2SO4 for 15 and 45 minutes. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of pretreatment methods on germination of C. abbreviata and S. nigrescens seeds. Based on these results, we recommend sulphuric acid and mechanical scarification as suitable seed pre-sowing treatments for enhancing the germination of C. abbreviata and S. nigrescens, respectively.

scholarly journals Methods to assess the viability of cryopreserved Jatropha curcas L. seed germplasm

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. SALOMÃO ◽  
I.R.I. SANTOS ◽  
S.C.B.R. JOSÉ ◽  
J.P. DA SILVA ◽  
B.G. LAVIOLA
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Potential Applications

ABSTRACT Jatropha curcas L. is a plant species with many potential applications, especially medicinal uses (hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, haemostatic, healing, anti-tumor). The objective of this study was to test germination in moist paper rolls for whole seeds and in vitro for excised embryonic axes, in an attempt to identify the best method to assess the quality of J. curcas seed germplasm, cryopreserved with different water contents. The experimental sample with a 6.2% moisture content (MC) was divided in subsamples which were hydrated and dehydrated for 0 (control), 4, 8, 11 and 24h. The initial germination percentages were 63% for whole seeds and 81% for excised embryonic axes. After exposure to liquid nitrogen (LN), germination percentages were 48% (whole seeds) and 57% (excised embryonic axes). There was no significant difference between germination percentages in embryonic excised from seeds subjected or not subjected to freezing, with different MC. In contrast, there was a reduction of the whole seed germination percentage when exposed to LN (contrast = 0.17, standard error = 0.04, t = 4.09, p = 0.001) and not for the hydration and dehydration treatments. The methodology based on in vitro cultures of the embryonic axis isolated from seeds stored in LN with distinct MC values was more efficient than the standard germination test to evaluate the viability of J. curcas seeds before and after LN storage.

Patterns of Indigenous Tree Species Distribution in Guangdong Province and the Implications for Tree Introduction

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5324-5329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Lin Wang ◽  
Jing Peng Li ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Zhi Yao Su
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Indicator Species Analysis ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Indigenous Tree Species

Distribution pattern of 1148 indigenous tree species in Guangdong province and their relations to the environment were investigated based on the 0.5°×0.5° latitude-longitude grid system. The results showed that indigenous tree species richness increased with increasing latitude. Richness peaked in the middle of the study area with longitudinal gradient. Four ecological areas for indigenous tree species distribution were delimited using cluster analysis and TWINSPAN (two-way indicator species analysis). Indicator Species Analysis showed a significant difference was found in indicator species distribution across latitude gradient and the 4 ecological areas. Northern mountain areas and southern coastal areas possessed most of the indicator species (IV ≥ 0.7), among which Celtis philippensis, Gironniera cuspidata and Symplocos chunii were strongly indicative of the environmental characteristics. The study of distribution patterns and classification of ecological areas, which reflects different geographical and climatic characteristics, will be of significant implications for introduction of indigenous tree species from natural ecological areas.

scholarly journals Growth Performance of Three Indigenous Tree Species (Cratoxylum arborescens Vahl. Blume, Alstonia spathulata Blume, and Stemonurus scorpioides Becc.) Planted at Burned Area in Klias Peat Swamp Forest, Beaufort, Sabah, Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Russel Mojiol ◽  
Wahyudi Wahyudi ◽  
Wahyudi Wahyudi ◽  
Narbert Nasly ◽  
Narbert Nasly
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Open Area ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Peat Swamp Forest ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Peat Swamp ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Indigenous Tree Species

<p>The aim of the study was to evaluate the growth performance of three indigenous tree species planted under open area planting technique of burned area at Klias Peat Swamp Forest, Beaufort, Sabah. Three indigenous tree species was used in this study, namely are <em>Cratoxylum arborescens</em> (Vahl) Blume (Geronggang), <em>Alstonia spathulata</em> Blume (Pulai), and <em>Stemonurus scorpioides</em> Becc. (Katok). A total of 45 seedlings for each species were examined using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with spacing of 3mx3m. Data collection for height, diameter, and survivality was recorded every two weeks within 10 weeks period from the seedlings was planted. Results from this study showed, the growth performance of Geronggang species was much better than the Pulai species, while all the Katok seedlings were died after week 6 in this experiment. The Geronggang species had the average mean height increment of 24.17 cm and average mean diameter increment of 2.76 mm, while Pulai species had average mean height increment of 9.36 cm and average mean diameter increment with 1.86 mm. For the survivality results, it showed that the Geronggang species had the highest survivality rate at 93.33% and Pulai species with 86.67%. There was a significant difference in term of relative height growth rate between Geronggang and Pulai species.  However, there was no significant difference in term of relative diameter growth rate at significant level of P ≤ 0.05. The findings indicates that Geronggang and Pulai are suitable to be planted at burned area in Klias peat swamp forest for the purpose of reforestation using open area planting technique, while the Katok species is not suitable due to environment consideration. The better growth performance of the Geronggang and Pulai species are because they can easily adapted with the open area planting at the study site.</p>

scholarly journals Why do We Want Trees? Potential for Improvement in Food and Income in Brazilian Rural Settlements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Aparecida Silva ◽  
Adriana Cavalieri Sais ◽  
Eliana Cardoso-Leite ◽  
Renata Evangelista de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Productive Systems ◽  
Direct Use ◽  
Species Being

The aim of this study was to investigate tree species cultivated and maintained by family farmers in five rural settlements, to understand the motivations for farmers to cultivate them and analyze their potential to provide income and food improvement. We have studied trees distribution in 16 lots and surveyed tree species cultivated by farmers, as well as their functions within the lots. We listed food and medicinal species, and those already commercialized, and the main market channels for their products. The main reason the families cultivate or maintain trees in their lots is for food supply but there are other motivations, related to well-being and cultural issues. Farmers plant trees motivated mainly by direct use (food) and for the possibility of generating income through the sale of tree products. We found 94 tree species, being half of them cultivated for food and medicinal uses. Approximately 45% of these species are commercialized by farmers in different channels. We conclude that trees are important for farming and livelihoods in rural settlements and have potential to be inserted in local productive systems.

scholarly journals Contribución de Pheidole fallax y Ectatomma ruidum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) en la dispersión y germinación de semillas en áreas rehabilitadas de la mina de carbón del Cerrejón, Colombia

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bleydis Paola Gutierrez Rapalino ◽  
Yamileth Del Carmen Domínguez Haydar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ectatomma Ruidum ◽  
Seed Extraction ◽  
And Control ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Control Samples

Seed dispersal is a key process in the re-establishment of vegetation on reclaimed lands. The aim of this study was to determine the contributions of the ant species Ectatomma ruidum and Pheidole fallax to seed dispersal and germination on reclaimed lands in the Cerrejón coal mine, Colombia. Four 6 x 40 m plots were installed in each area, in which the number of nests by species was counted and distances between closest nests of each species were measured. Five of the nests counted were chosen for seed extraction, and a nearby control sample was taken from each nest. In total, 295 nests were counted: 59 nests during the dry season and 236 nests during the rainy season, of which 84 belonged to P. fallax and 211 belonged to E. ruidum. A total of 21 304 seeds were found in nests and control samples, of which 19 349 were obtained from P. fallax nest refuse, and 318 were obtained from E. ruidum nests; 597 seeds were found in control samples. The number of seeds extracted from nests was significantly higher than the number of seeds removed from control samples. There was a significant difference between the number of seeds removed by P. fallax and the number of seeds removed by E. ruidum. The seed germination percentage from nests was higher than the percentage from seeds in control samples. In the case of P. fallax, the germination percentage was lower in control samples and higher in nests and refuse. The results suggest that the ant species E. ruidum and P. fallax may contribute to seed dispersal and re-establishment of vegetation in areas where they were found. These ants may thus significantly contribute to restoration processes in areas degraded by mining.

IOP Lowering Effects of Ocimum basilicum Seed Extract in Two Rabbit Models of Ocular Hypertension

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Renu Agarwal ◽  
SK Gupta ◽  
Sushma Srivastava ◽  
Rohit Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Water Loading ◽  
Antiglaucoma Medication ◽  
Lowering Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Ocimum basilicum (OB), a herb known for its antihypertensive, anticholinesterase and antioxidant properties was investigated for possible intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effects in rabbits with ocular hypertension (OHT). Methods: The IOP lowering effect of a single drop of OB extract (OBE) was evaluated in oculonormotensive rabbits using three concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1% w/v). The concentration showing maximum IOP reduction was further evaluated in rabbits with water-loading and steroid-induced OHT. Results: IOP lowering effect of OBE 0.5% in oculonormotensive rabbit eyes was significantly greater compared to OBE 0.25% (p<0.05) but was comparable (p>0.05) to OBE 1%. Therefore, 0.5% concentration was selected for further evaluation. Pretreatment with OBE (0.5%) caused significantly lower increase in IOP after water loading amounting to 23.39% above baseline as compared to 54.00% in control eye, 15 minutes post water loading. At 60 minutes, post water loading, mean IOP rise was 95.12% and 63.58% in control and test eyes, respectively. Significant difference between the mean IOP of two eyes persisted during the 2nd hr. In rabbits with steroid induced OHT, OBE 0.5% produced a mean IOP reduction of 24.73% at the end of first hr and the mean peak IOP reduction of 31.63% was observed at the end of 2 hr. A significant difference between the IOP of test and control eyes persisted from 1 to 6 hr. Conclusions: Ocimum basilicum seed extract showed significant IOP lowering effect in rabbits with water loading and steroid induced OHT, however, its utility as an effective antiglaucoma medication needs further investigations.

Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil as Adjunct Therapy in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Nazli Zainuddin ◽  
Nurul Azira Mohd Shah ◽  
Rosdan Salim
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Nasal Symptom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Introduction: The role of virgin coconut oil in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is controversial. Thus, the aim of the present study is to determine the effects of virgin coconut oil ingestion, in addition to standard medications, on allergic rhinitis. We also studied the side effects of consumption of virgin coconut oil. Methods: Fifty two subjects were equally divided into test and control groups. All subjects received a daily dose of 10mg of loratadine for 28 days. The test group was given 10ml of virgin coconut oil three times a day in addition to loratadine. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis were scored at the beginning and end of the study. Results:, the symptom score were divided into nasal and non-nasal symptom scores. Sneezing score showed a significant difference, however the score was more in control group than test group, indicating that improvement in symptom was more in control group. The rest of the nasal symptom and non-nasal symptom score showed no significant difference between test and control groups. Approximately 58% of the test subjects developed side effects from consumption of virgin coconut oil, mainly gastrointestinal side effects. Conclusion: In the present study, ingestion of virgin coconut oil does not improve the overall and individual symptoms of allergic rhinitis, furthermore it has side effects.

Enrichment of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) diet with Malic acid: Effects on skin mucosal immunity, antioxidant defecne and growth performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghieh Safari ◽  
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar ◽  
Maryam Dadar ◽  
Hien Van Doan
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe present study investigated possible effects of dietary malic acid on the expression of immunity, antioxidant and growth related genes expression as well as skin mucus immune parameters in common carp. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings were fed diets supplemented with different levels (0 [control], 0.5%, 1%, 2%) of malic acid (MA) for 60 days. The results revealed highest expression levels of immune-related genes (tnf-alpha, il1b, il8 and lyz) in skin of common carp fed 2% MA (P < 0.05). Regarding 1% MA treatment comparison with control group, significant difference was noticed just in case of lyz (P < 0.05). Evaluation of growth related genes expression revealed no significant difference between treatments (P > 0.05). The study of antioxidant related genes (gsta and gpx) in common carp skin fed with MA, showed significant difference between treated groups and control (P < 0.05). Carps fed with 2% MA had highest alkaline phosphatase activity in skin mucus compared other treated groups and control (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference between 0.5% and 1% and control (P > 0.05). The study of total protein and total immunoglobulin (Ig) in common carp skin musus revealed no alteration following MA treatment (P > 0.05). The present data demonstrated that feeding with MA altered immune and antioxidant genes expression in skin mucus of common carp.

THE EFFECT OF THE ATTITUDE TOWARD BREASTFEEDING CONCEPT BASED COMIC ON THE ADOLESCENCE'S ATTITUDE TOWARD EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Mekar Dwi Anggraeni ◽  
Lutfatul Latifah ◽  
Aprilia Kartikasari ◽  
Ima Rismawati
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
T Test ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control

Background and purpose: The earlier development of the attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding produces the longer exclusive breastfeeding duration. Considering the first marriage age among Indonesian, the attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding should be developed at the adolescence age. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the attitude toward breastfeeding concept based comic on the adolescent's attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding. Method: This was a quasy experimental posttest only with control group study. The respondents were provided an comic. The respondent's attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding was measured using The Breastfeeding Attitude Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent and dependent t test. Results: The majority of respondents were aged 17 years old in both intervention (70%) and control grup (63%), first child in both intervention (23,3%) and control grup (26,7%), and had a nuclear family in both intervention (80%) and control grup (90%). The independent t test showed that there was a significant difference between post-test scores among the intervention and control groups (t = 5,602, p < 0,01). Conclusion and recommendation: Nurses may use the Attitude Toward Breastfeeding based comic to increase the Adolescence's attitude toward breastfeeding.Keywords: Comic, Attitudes Toward Exclusive Breastfeeding, Adolescence

Stick Figure and Think, Talk And Write: Integrating Media With Teaching Strategy For A Better Writing Competence

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Eva Sudarwati ◽  
Shynta Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Strategy ◽  
T Test ◽  
Narrative Writing ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Stick Figure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
And Control ◽  
Writing Competence

Abstract This study attempts to see the effect of Think, Talk, and Write strategy on the students’ narrative writing competence. Considering the importance of the use of teaching media, this study tries to integrate Stick Figure as a teaching media in Think, Talk, and Write Strategy. A quasi experimental study was conducted to see the improvement of the students’ narrative writing competence. It involved 42 students who were selected on the basis of convenience sampling and assigned into two groups; experimental and control groups. The statistical analyses of paired sample t-test in experimental group showed that there was significant improvement on the students’ writing competence before (M=5.77, SD= 2.342) and after (M= 11.79, SD= 2.342), t(21)=12.059, p<0.05.Moreover, the result of independent t-test between experimental and control groups showed a significant difference. It can be seen that the mean differences was 3.79545 and the significance value is lower than 0.05, 0.000<0.05.

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