Effect of Acidified Ethanol on Antioxidant Properties of Morinda citrifolia Leaf Extract and Its Catechin Derivatives

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ethanol acidification on the antioxidant properties of Morinda citrifolia leaf (MCL) extract and its catechin derivatives. Four different ethanol (100%, 99.5%, 70%, 50%) with or without 0.5% acetic acid were used for extraction. The antioxidant profile was studied with DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP and TPC. The quantification of catechins in MCL was performed using HPLC, and the identification of catechins derivatives was performed with Ultra UPLC-TWIMS-QTOF. The results showed that an extraction solvent composed of 70% ethanol: 29.5% water: 0.5 % acetic acid exhibited the highest DPPH percentage of inhibition (86.12±2.96%) and highest TPC value with 97.80±0.25 mg GAE/g extract, while 100% ethanol acidified with 0.5% acetic acid showed highest FRAP antioxidant power with 1.31±0.05mg FSE/g extract. All eight types of catechins were identified in MCL and the most total catechins were quantified in 70% ethanol: 29.5% water: 0.5 % acetic acid at 153.57mg/g. The catechin derivatives identified included epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (4β, 8)-gallocatechin, gallocatechin (4α→8)-epicatechin, catechin-3-O-gallate (CG) and epigallocatechin (EGC). The results suggest that acidification improves the extraction of polyphenols as well as catechin content.

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Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Iranian Commercial Honeys

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401314666180606090908 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 700-706

Author(s):

Mehdi Zarei ◽

Ali Fazlara ◽

Maedeh S. Hamedani

Keyword(s):

Reducing Sugars ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging

Background: All over the world, the quality of commercial honeys varies greatly depending on many factors. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Iranian commercial honeys to confirm their nutritional and economical quality. Methods: Fifty three honey samples from six different types, including alfalfa, milkvetch, lotus, thyme, coriander and multifloral honeys, were analyzed for pH, free acidity, electrical conductivity, Ash, moisture, hydroxymethylfurfural, reducing sugars, glucose, fructose, proline, color, total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant power and DPPH radical-scavenging activity. Results: : In total, physicochemical properties of different honey types were in the range of 4.3 ± 0.49 to 5.2 ± 0.49 for pH, 13.81 ± 2.5 to 26.22 ± 2.8 for free acidity (meq/kg), 15.95 ± 0.45 to 17.98 ± 0.97 for moisture (%), 282.2 ± 50.3 to 578 ± 47 for electrical conductivity (µS/cm), 0.14 ± 0.04 to 0.38 ± 0.03 for ash (g/100 g), 68.66 ± 4.3 to 72.09 ± 6.4 for reducing sugars (g/100 g), 34.67 ± 2.6 to 36.7 ± 2.2 for glucose (g/100 g), 31.9 ± 4.75 to 37.04 ± 4.0 for fructose (g/100 g), 6.1 ± 5.8 to 22.85 ± 10.9 for hydroxymethylfurfural (mg/kg), 426.7 ± 53.91 to 593.9 ± 108.6 for proline (mg/kg), 46.27 ± 4.3 to 96.04 ± 14.4 for color (mm) and 245.4 ± 48.45 to 573.9 ± 69.3 for total phenolic (mg/kg) content. In terms of antioxidant capacity, lotus and thyme honeys were preferable, while the highest level of DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power were observed in lotus and thyme honeys. Conclusion: These results confirmed that the Iranian commercial honeys meet the quality standards established by national and international regulatory agencies.

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Combination of Antioxidants from Different Sources Could offer Synergistic Benefits: A Case Study of Tea and Ginger Blend

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1501001110 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1934578X1501001 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Solomon A. Makanjuola ◽

Victor N. Enujiugha ◽

Olufunmilayo S. Omoba ◽

David M. Sanni

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Extraction Solvent ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging ◽

Different Sources

Tea and ginger are plants with high antioxidant potential. Combinations of antioxidants from different sources could also produce synergistic antioxidant effects. This study investigated the influence of solvent on antioxidant content of tea, ginger, and tea + ginger blends. Under the investigated extraction conditions, water was the most effective extraction solvent to maximise peroxide scavenging and iron chelating activity of tea, ginger, and their blends. Aqueous ethanol was the most effective solvent to maximise ABTS radical scavenging activity and ethanol was the best solvent to maximise DPPH radical scavenging activity. A good multivariate regression model that explains the relationship between the total flavonoid content of the extracts and their antioxidant activities was obtained (R2 and Q2 of 0.93 and 0.83, respectively). Extracts of tea-ginger blends exhibited synergistic effects in their ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity.

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Preparation of Retinoyl-Flavonolignan Hybrids and Their Antioxidant Properties

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8070236 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 236 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Christopher S. Chambers ◽

David Biedermann ◽

Kateřina Valentová ◽

Lucie Petrásková ◽

Jitka Viktorová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Respective Parent ◽

Photosynthetic Reactions ◽

Functional Components ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging

Antioxidants protect the structural and functional components in organisms against oxidative stress. Most antioxidants are of plant origin as the plants are permanently exposed to oxidative stress (UV radiation, photosynthetic reactions). Both carotenoids and flavonoids are prominent antioxidant and anti-radical agents often occurring together in the plant tissues and acting in lipophilic and hydrophilic milieu, respectively. They are complementary in their anti-radical activity. This study describes the synthesis of a series of hybrid ester conjugates of retinoic acid with various flavonolignans, such as silybin, 2,3-dehydrosilybin and isosilybin. Antioxidant/anti-radical activities and bio-physical properties of novel covalent carotenoid-flavonoid hybrids, as well as various mixtures of the respective parent components, were investigated. Retinoyl conjugates with silybin—which is the most important flavonolignan in silymarin complex—(and its pure diastereomers) displayed better 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity than both the parent compounds and their equimolar mixtures.

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Comparative Study on the Extraction and Quantification of Polyphenols from Citrus Peels Using Maceration and Ultrasonic Technique

Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal ◽

10.12944/crnfsj.7.3.08 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 678-685 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anuradha Saini ◽

Parmjit Singh Panesar ◽

Manab Bandhu Bera

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Total Phenols ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Kinnow Mandarin ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging

Citrus processing industry generates the large amount of byproducts, which are rich in polyphenols that have high antioxidant properties. These polyphenols can be extracted and utilized in different applications. In present investigation, comparative study was undertaken using maceration (M) and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) for the efficient extraction of polyphenols from citrus peels of different cultivars such as ‘kinnow mandarin’ (Citrus reticulata) and ‘mousambi’ (Citrus limetta). The total phenols (28.30 mg/GAE g dw), flavonoids (4.40 mg/CE g dw) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (48.23%) were attained from kinnow mandarin peels whereas total phenols (21.99 mg/GAE g dw), flavonoids (2.07 mg/CE g dw) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (39.73%) were obtained from mousambi peels using UAE method. Therefore, the results indicated the efficiency of UAE method as compared to maceration technique for the extraction of polyphenols in terms of high yield and their antioxidant properties.

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Effect of processing on the quality, composition and antioxidant properties of Terminalia catappa (Indian almond) seed oil

African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development ◽

10.18697/ajfand.58.10895 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (58) ◽

pp. 7662-7678

Author(s):

OB Adu ◽

◽

M Omojufehinsi ◽

MO Esanboro ◽

DA Abe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Fat Soluble Vitamins ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging

This study was aimed at extracting and purifying T. catappa seed oil with a view to investigating the effect of processing on the composition and antioxidant activity of the oil. Oil was extracted from the dried and roasted T. catappa seed and subjected to degumming and bleaching. The different processed oils were analysed for their fatty acid, phytosterols, and fat soluble vitamins composition. Antioxidant properties of the oils were also determined by measuring the Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and inhibition of heat induced peroxidation. Roasting and processing caused a reduction in acid value, increased peroxide value, but had no effect on the iodine and saponification values of T. catappa oil. Palmitic acid was the most abundant saturated fatty acid (42.466%) while oleic acid was the most abundant unsaturated fatty acid (23.445%). Roasting significantly reduced fatty acid concentration of the oil, and bleaching of both unroasted and roasted oils increased the concentration of fatty acids except linoleic acid. Gamma-sitosterol and Betasitosterol were present in appreciable amounts only in the crude oils. Roasting increased Vitamins A and D concentrations but drastically reduced that of vitamin E. Degumming had no effect on the fat soluble vitamins of T. catappa oil, but bleaching significantly reduced the concentrations of all the vitamins. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the seed oil was between 26.93 ± 15.42% and 65.47 ± 31.59%. Refining increased the free radical scavenging activity of the unroasted oil, but did not affect the antioxidant activity of roasted oil. The capacity of the oil in preventing heat induced peroxidation was comparable to that of Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Processing of the oil significantly increased its antioxidant activity. Loss of vitamin E did not affect the antioxidant activity of the oil. Thus, suggesting the presence of a heat stable antioxidant in the oil. This study indicated T. catappa seed oil to be potential pharmaceutical oil with good antioxidant characteristics

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Increasing Protease Activities and Antioxidant Properties of Koji for Soy Sauce Brewing by Adding a Medicinal Herb Rhodiola rosea

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.1515/ijfe-2015-0187 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 247-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lei Xue-jun ◽

Wu Zheng-yun ◽

Cui Chao-yi ◽

Yang Jun ◽

Zhang Wen-xue

Keyword(s):

Total Phenolics ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Soy Sauce ◽

Rhodiola Rosea ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Nitrogen Contents ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging

Abstract Koji preparation is the key step in soy sauce brewing. In this study, 21 medicinal herbs were tested for their abilities in enhancing the protease activities of soy sauce koji. Among these herbs Rhodiola rosea was found to be the most efficient in increasing protease activities. Kinetic analyses revealed that R. rosea addition not only promoted microbe growth and increase the activities of neutral and acid proteases (by 29.8% and 13.4%, respectively) but also elevated α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and total phenolics and flavonoids (by 9.5%, 47.1% and 14.1%, respectively); the formations of proteases and antioxidant properties depend largely on microbe growth; and the promotion effects of R. rosea addition were mainly displayed in later stage of fermentation. Using the R. rosea koji for soy sauce production resulted in 8.9%, 19.1%, 6.6%, 23% and 102% higher of total and amino-type nitrogen contents, protein utilization, total phenolics and flavonoids, respectively.

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Jakość miodów importowanych dostępnych na rynku podkarpackim

Zywnosc Nauka Technologia Jakosc/Food Science Technology Quality ◽

10.15193/zntj/2018/117/264 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 117 (4) ◽

pp. 127-139

Author(s):

Małgorzata Dżugan ◽

Andżelika Ruszel ◽

Monika Tomczyk

Keyword(s):

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging

W ostatnich latach rynek miodów importowanych rozwija się intensywnie, a ze względu na atrakcyjną cenę produkty importowane stanowią konkurencję dla miodów krajowych. W niniejszej pracy przeprowadzono ocenę jakości miodów importowanych dostępnych w lokalnych supermarketach na podstawie parametrów jakości miodu określonych w obowiązujących przepisach. Ponadto zbadano ich właściwości przeciwutleniające w porównaniu z miodami krajowymi. Badaniem objęto miody: akacjowy (3), lipowy (4), gryczany (4), wielokwiatowy (5), spadziowy (4). W zakresie analizowanych parametrów fizykochemicznych odstępstwa od wymagań jakości handlowej miodów obowiązujących w odpowiednich przepisach stwierdzono wyłącznie w odniesieniu do zawartości wody, 5-hydroksymetylofurfuralu (HMF) i liczby diastazowej, odpowiednio w: 15, 35 i 45 % próbek. Zawartość związków polifenolowych była dodatnio skorelowana z aktywnością przeciwutleniającą miodów, mierzoną jako zdolność do redukcji jonów żelaza (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power), zdolnością neutralizacji rodników DPPH, (Radical Scavenging Activity) oraz barwą miodu (odpowiednio: r = 0,847, 0,367 oraz 0,975). Badania wskazują, że miody importowane stanowią naturalny środek słodzący o znacznie niższej aktywności biologicznej w porównaniu z miodami produkowanymi na Podkarpaciu, które były przedmiotem wcześniejszych badań.

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Induction and Proliferation of Callus in the Flower Stalk of Calanthe discolor Lindl. and its Antioxidant Properties

Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology ◽

10.20402/ajbc.2021.0196 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 423-433

Author(s):

Dong-Myong Kim ◽

Ju-Yeong Jung ◽

Hyung-Kon Lee ◽

Yong-Seong Kwon ◽

Kwan-Ho Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Skin ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Skin Irritation ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Flower Stalk ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging

Purpose: This study aims to establish the appropriate conditions for induction and proliferation of callus from the flower stalk of Calanthe discolor Lindl. (CFS) and to analyze the antioxidant properties as well as the skin irritation level of its extracts.Methods: Murashige & Skoog medium was used to induce the callus from CFS with NB0 (α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 0 mg/L, benzyl adenine (BA) 0 mg/L), NB1 (NAA 0.2 mg/L, BA 0.1 mg/L), NB5 (NAA 0.2 mg/L, BA 0.5 mg/L), and NB10 (0.2 mg/L, BA 1.0 mg/L) as plant growth regulators (PGR). The callus powder was extracted by ultrasonic treatment, and the total phenolic contents (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and human skin irritation test using callus extracts were performed.Results: As a result of callus induction from CFS with PGR, NB5 showed the highest growth rate of callus with a weight of 4.2±0.3 g. The TPC of the callus extracts NB0, NB1, NB5, and NB10 were 33.71±0.27, 37.59±0.51, 46.26±0.18, and 55.92±0.33 mg GAE/g, respectively. NB10 showed the highest value of DPPH radical scavenging activity than that of NB0, NB1, NB5, and NB10, in various concentrations. CFS callus extract showed very low human skin irritation compared to that of the control group, 10% SLS.Conclusion: The optimal PGR condition for induction of CFS callus was established as NB10. CFS callus extracts can be used as functional materials for cosmetics as it has significant antioxidant activity and low skin irritation value.

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Investigation on High-Value Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Blackberries and Their Fractions Obtained by Home-Scale Juice Processing

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12145681 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (14) ◽

pp. 5681 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cristina-Ramona Metzner Ungureanu ◽

Andreea Ioana Lupitu ◽

Cristian Moisa ◽

Adrian Rivis ◽

Lucian Octav Copolovici ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

The Impact ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging

Blackberry pomace represents a valuable but underused byproduct of juice manufacturing. Its further applicability in various food systems is facilitated by detailed knowledge of its own bioactive potential. This study was focused on the investigation of the polyphenolic compound profile, total phenolic and ascorbic acid content, as well as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of blackberries (Rubus fruticosus L.) coming from spontaneous flora of two different areas of Romania, Paltinis (Sibiu County) and Zugau (Arad County) and their fractions, juice and pomace, resulting from home-scale processing. To ensure a satisfactory shelf life, the blackberry pomace was subjected to convective drying (60 °C for 12 hours) and the impact of this treatment on the antioxidant properties was evaluated. No significant differences in the investigated characteristics according to the place of origin were recorded. However, a slight increase in the antioxidant properties of fruits and fractions from the Zugau region, characterized by higher temperatures and a lower precipitation regime, was noticed compared with samples derived from the Paltinis area. The drying of blackberry byproducts led to losses of 10–23% in the content of the investigated bioactive compounds and DPPH radical scavenging activity. A significant correlation between DPPH radical scavenging activity and the total phenolic content has been recorded. Our findings are of interest in blackberry selection to enhance the level of bioactive compounds in the targeted products. The obtained results confirm that the blackberry processing byproducts may be regarded as a promising source of high-quality bioactive compounds and a proven radical scavenging capacity, representing a starting point for further analyses. This study responds to a global issue regarding fruit byproduct management in order to ensure the sustainable development of a circular economy.

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Snail Slime: Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory, Phytochemical and Antioxidant Properties

Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jocamr/2021/v13i130214 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 8-13

Author(s):

N. C. Chinaka ◽

L. C. Chuku ◽

G. George ◽

C. Oraezu ◽

G. Umahi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Land Snail ◽

Achatina Fulica ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Heat Method ◽

Therapeutic Properties ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging

Snails posses numerous nutritional, medicinal and therapeutic properties, making it an essential component of human nutrition, medicinal and skin health. This study is aimed at evaluating the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of snail slime obtained from giant African land snail (Achatina fulica). The slime was extracted by low heat method and anti-inflammatory properties was ascertained by inducing paw edema in day old chicks using carrageenan, the phytochemical screening was conducted to ascertain the level of phenols and flavonoids, while the antioxidant properties was determined by DPPH radical scavenging activity, using ascorbic acid as standard. Statistical analysis using ANOVA version 20.0 was conducted to analyze the data obtained from the study. Post study statistics of data (mean ± SD) indicates that the snail slime extract potentially posses anti-inflammatory, relative phytochemical and antioxidant properties at significant (p≤0.05) level, hence validating its use in nutrition, medicinal and cosmetic purposes, and preparations.

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