Changes in Snacking Patterns during COVID-19 Lockdown in Adults from Mumbai City, India

Mumbai was one of the 1st cities in India to go into total lockdown in March 2020. The lockdown was expected to have an influence on eating habits specially the snacking patterns. The main objective of this study was to access the change in snacking patterns of participants living in Mumbai city, India during lockdown. Data was collected in 256 Mumbai residents (60 males, 196 females) using Google forms. Information regarding number of meals consumed, meals at which snacks were consumed, change in snacking pattern, reasons for increase or decrease in snacking, and type of snacks consumed during lockdown as compared to before lock was collected. Around 20% reported a decrease, 31% reported no change and 49% reported an increase in snack consumption during lockdown. Participants consumed higher number of meals during lockdown (p<0.05). Significantly higher percentage of participants did not consume store brought snacks during lockdown (30.9% vs 13.7%) (p<0.05). Significantly higher percentage of participants consumed snacks at mid-evening (50.4% vs 33.6%), late evening (48% vs 32%) and late night (32% vs 16.8%) during lockdown as compared to before lockdown (p<0.05). Significantly change in lemon-water (57.8% vs 43.4%), coffee (47.3% vs 40.6%) and carbonated beverages (14.8% vs 23.4%) was observed during lockdown as compared to before lockdown (p<0.05). Significant increase in nuts (74.2% vs 65.6%), instant noodles (69.5% vs 60.9%) and biscuits (78.5% vs 68%) was observed during lockdown as compared to before lockdown (p<0.05). Significant decrease in South Indian (61.75 vs 69.1%), Frankie (32.8% vs 51.6%), bhel (50.4% vs 69.1%), Chinese bhel (21.5% vs 35.5%) and usal (32% vs 40.2%) was observed during lockdown as compared to before lockdown (p<0.05). To conclude, snacks were consumed at more number of meals during lockdown in comparison to before lockdown. A change in type of snacks consumed was observed during lockdown. Ready and easy to eat snacks such as nuts, instant noodles and biscuits showed an increase whereas snacks that require elaborate cooking procedure showed a decrease in consumption. With partial lockdown still persisting in many parts of the country and many still working from home it is imperative to circulate more accurate information on appropriate snacking habits.

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Eating breakfast and avoiding the evening snack sustains lipid oxidation

10.1101/2020.01.29.923417 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin Parsons Kelly ◽

Owen P. McGuinness ◽

Maciej Buchowski ◽

Jacob J. Hughey ◽

Heidi Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Oxidation ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Core Body Temperature ◽

Daily Cycle ◽

Meal Timing ◽

Circadian Control ◽

Late Evening ◽

Older Subjects ◽

Random Crossover ◽

Core Body

SUMMARYCircadian (daily) regulation of metabolic pathways implies that food may be metabolized differentially over the daily cycle. To test that hypothesis, we monitored the metabolism of older subjects in a whole-room respiratory chamber over two separate 56-h sessions in a random crossover design. In one session, one of the three daily meals was presented as breakfast whereas in the other session, a nutritionally equivalent meal was presented as a late-evening snack. The duration of the overnight fast was the same for both sessions. Whereas the two sessions did not differ in overall energy expenditure, the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was different during sleep between the two sessions. Unexpectedly, this difference in RER due to daily meal timing was not due to daily differences in physical activity, sleep disruption, or core body temperature. Rather, we found that the daily timing of nutrient availability coupled with daily/circadian control of metabolism drives a switch in substrate preference such that the late-evening snack session resulted in significantly lower lipid oxidation compared to the breakfast session. Therefore, the timing of meals during the day/night cycle affects how ingested food is oxidized or stored in humans with important implications for optimal eating habits.

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A Late Night at the University Library: Supporting Students in the Final Phases of Essay and Thesis Writing

Nordic Journal of Information Literacy in Higher Education ◽

10.15845/noril.v8i1.235 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bodil Moberg ◽

Anna M. Borgström

Keyword(s):

Student Response ◽

Efficient Manner ◽

Late Night ◽

University Library ◽

Library Resources ◽

Writing Tutors ◽

Late Evening ◽

Student Health Center ◽

Thesis Writing ◽

The University

This poster outlines a strategy for both efficient use of library resources towards the end of semesters – when the library is filled with students stressed about essays and theses – and at the same time for caterings to students’ needs. For the past four semesters, the Karolinska Institutet University Library has arranged “a late evening at the library”, with a special program designed to help students. Our goal is that the students should be able to finish their work during the evening. We seek to provide an opportunity for focused work with access to the resources that the students are asking for: drop-in consultations and mini lectures with writing tutors and librarians. To help the students stay focused and energized, the student health center offers advice on how to end procrastination, an instructor from the campus gym leads mini-exercise and yoga breaks, and complimentary snacks are offered. The event was inspired by the international “long night against procrastination”, which started in Germany 2010.The late night at the library makes for a new way of reaching students and catering to their needs in a time-efficient manner. Although these evenings require some preparation, we are able to reach many students. In addition, students have the opportunity to get iterative support during their working process, allowing for highly efficient and stimulating work. Student response has been positive, and many students have used the opportunity to work intensely and make use of the support offered – some of them have also managed to finish their work during the evening!

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PERSEPSI BODY IMAGE DENGAN KEBIASAAN JAJAN MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA (KAMPUS KETINTANG)

Jurnal Sehat Mandiri ◽

10.33761/jsm.v16i1.376 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 172-184

Author(s):

Nila Anggita Nur Faizah ◽

Amalia Ruhana

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Nutrition Education ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Image Perception ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Body Image Perception ◽

Good Nutrition ◽

Ideal Body Image ◽

Snack Consumption ◽

Physical Changes

Body image is the subjective imagination of a person regarding the judgments of other on his body. The ideal body image can encourage someone to do things such as physical changes and other changes, namely snack consumption patterns. This is often experienced by students. This study aims to determine the relationship between perceptions of body image and snacking habits in students. The research targets were Universitas Negeri Surabaya students who were on the Ketintang campus with a sample of 100 people who had met the inclusion criteria. This study used an observational analytical study design with a cross-sectional approach. The instruments used in this study are Body Shape Questionnaire and interviews using a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. The result is 56% of respondents’ body image perceptions negative and 70% of respondents admit to snacking frequently. The resuts of the correlation test showed that there was no relationship between perception of body image and the respondent’s eating habits (p > 0,05). It can be concluded that most respondents are not satisfied with their body image, even though the majority of them often consume snacks every day. It is suggested that students need to get good nutrition education and learning related to body image perception in order to have a positive body image perception. Further research is needed to determine other factors that can affect the perception of body image in students.

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Snacking At School Increased The Risk Of Overweight/Obesity In Children

Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi ◽

10.20473/jbe.v5i32017.311-324 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 311

Author(s):

Aulia Jauharun Nisak ◽

Trias Mahmudiono

Keyword(s):

School Children ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Anthropometric Measurement ◽

Consumption Pattern ◽

Snack Food ◽

Daily Consumption ◽

Design Data ◽

Snack Foods ◽

Snack Consumption ◽

Obesity In Children

ABSTRACTChildhood obesity is one of the most serious public health problems in the 21st century. Unhealthy eating habits are believed to be the cause of overweight/obesity in children. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the consumption patterns of snack foods and the incidence of overweight/obesity. This research was conducted at the SDN Ploso I-172, Tambaksari Surabaya in May-July 2017 with a case control study design. Data were obtained from interview and anthropometric measurement. The samples size was 112 respondents with 56 case samples, and 56 control samples. Data were analyzed using linear regression test and logistic regression. The results showed that snack foods consumed by schoolchildren were fruit syrup, perisa beverage, chocolate, papeda, fried foods, fishcake and sausages, pentol, syrup, sauce, and toppings. There was a significant correlation between daily consumption of food snack, including fruit syrup (p = 0.004; OR = 8.000), perisa beverage (p = 0.02; OR = 13.412), chocolate (p = 0.013; OR = 6.333), fried food (p = 0.015; OR = 14.786), fishcake and sausages (p = 0.004; OR = 8.750), pentol (p = 0.039; OR = 4.044), syrup, sauce, and topping (p = 0.023; OR = 4.643) with overweight/obesity incidence. In conclusion this research revealed correlation between the pattern of snacking and overweight/obesity incidence among school children. It is suggested to the parents and schools to be more vigilant ensuring the healthy snack consumption to prevent overweight dan obesity among school children. Keywords: overweight, snack food, obesity, consumption pattern

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A Study of Snack Consumption, Night-Eating Habits, and Nutrient Intake in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Clinical Nutrition Research ◽

10.7762/cnr.2013.2.1.42 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 42 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hee-jin Park ◽

JinJu Lee ◽

Ji-Myung Kim ◽

Hyun Ah Lee ◽

Sung-Hoon Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Night Eating ◽

Snack Consumption

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Assessment Transition of Exercise and Dietary Habit of Athletes Before and During Ramadan in the Pandemic of COVID-19

MEDIKORA ◽

10.21831/medikora.v20i2.40716 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 113-124

Author(s):

Toni Kurniawan ◽

Yetty Septiani Mustar ◽

Agus Hariyanto ◽

Indra Himawan Susanto ◽

Anna Noordia

Keyword(s):

Research Design ◽

Fast Food ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Fruit And Vegetables ◽

Nutritional Intake ◽

Dietary Habit ◽

Exercise Frequency ◽

Fried Foods ◽

Snack Consumption ◽

Instant Noodles

This study aims to identify the training transitions and dietary habits of volleyball athletes' before and during Ramadan in the Covid-19 pandemic. The research design used is descriptive quantitative with a sample of 12 male junior volleyball athletes in the academy Sidoarjo volleyball. The results showed that most athletes experienced a decrease in the frequency of exercise during the month of Ramadan, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 33.3% of athletes maintained their exercise frequency, and 66.7% experienced a decrease in exercise frequency. Furthermore, during Ramadan and Covid-19, there was an increase in the frequency of eating 1-2 times a day (58.4%), snack consumption (50%), fruit and vegetables (75%), fried foods 4-7 times a week (8.4%), instant noodles 1-3 times a week (25%) and fast food 1-3 times a week (8.4%) in athletes. Concerning this, it is imperative to revitalize the program and monitor the athlete's training periodically, which is adjusted to the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic and provide a dietitian to regulate the athlete's diet to obtain a balanced nutritional intake following the exercise portion.Assessmen transisi latihan dan pola makan atlet sebelum dan saat ramadan di masa pandemi Covid-19AbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi transisi latihan dan pola makan atlet bola voli sebelum dan saat ramadan di masa pandemi Covid-19. Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kuantitatif dengan sampel 12 atlet laki-laki bola voli junior yang masih aktif dalam menjalani pemusatan latihan di Akademi Bola Voli Indomaret Sidoarjo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas atlet mengalami penurunan frekuensi latihan saat ramadan khususnya di masa pandemi covid-19. Sebanyak 33,3% yang mampu mempertahankan frekuensi latihan dan 66,7% mengalami penurunan frekuensi latihan. Selanjutnya, saat ramadan dan Covid-19 terjadi peningkatan frekuensi makan 1-2 sehari (58,4%), konsumsi camilan (50%), buah dan sayuran (75%), gorengan 4 – 7 kali dalam seminggu (8,4%), mie instant 1 – 3 kali dalam satu minggu (25%) serta makanan cepat saji 1 – 3 kali dalam seminggu (8,4%) pada atlet. Berdasarkan hal ini, maka sangat penting untuk melakukan revitalisasi program dan pemantauan latihan atlet secara berkala yang disesuaikan dengan masa pandemi covid-19 dan menyediakan dietisien untuk pengaturan makan atlet agar dapat memperoleh asupan gizi seimbang sesuai dengan porsi latihannya.

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Art. V.—Early History of Kannaḍa Literature

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland ◽

10.1017/s0035869x00020608 ◽

1890 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 245-262

Author(s):

B. Lewis Rice

Keyword(s):

Early History ◽

The Other ◽

Southern India ◽

Accurate Information ◽

Indian Languages ◽

South Indian ◽

History Of ◽

The Media

Among the so-called Dravidian languages of Southern India none can boast of a higher antiquity in the cultivation of its literature than the Kannaḍa or Karṇâṭaka, commonly called Canarese by Europeans. And yet, while the sister languages Tamil and Telugu have their votaries, Kannaḍa has received attention from but few, if any, among Oriental scholars. This neglect is no doubt partly due to its being principally spoken in Native States, whence it has come less into contact with Europeans, while the other languages form the media of official business through a large extent of British territory. An erroneous impression has, besides, been fostered by some writers, whose acquaintance with South Indian languages was probably chiefly confined to Tamil or Telugu, that these were in some way superior either in structure or in the contents of their literature to Kannaḍa, a statement for which there is not the least foundation, and originating in the want of accurate information regarding the latter.

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Eating Habits and Their Association with Weight Status in Chinese School-Age Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17103571 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 3571

Author(s):

Minghui Sun ◽

Xiangying Hu ◽

Fang Li ◽

Jing Deng ◽

Jingcheng Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Weight Status ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

World Health ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Late Night

Background: Poor eating habits increase children’s risk of chronic diseases such as overweight and obesity, adult diabetes, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the eating habits of school-age children and their impact on children’s body mass index. Methods: Multistage cluster sampling was used to sample 2224 students in grades 4 to 6 from 16 primary schools in Changsha. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect general demographic, eating habit, and snack consumption data from school-age children. Height and weight were measured so that the body mass index Z-score could be calculated and evaluated according to the 2007 World Health Organization’s Body Mass Index (BMI) reference standard. Results: The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in school-age children were 17.0% and 8.3%, respectively. Boys had higher rates of overweight and obesity than girls (19.9% vs. 13.6%, 12.9% vs. 3.0%, respectively, p < 0.05). Among the total population of children, 71.6% reported picky eating habits, and 55.1% had late-night snacks. Children who skipped breakfast (OR 1.507 and 95% CI 1.116~2.035) and ate puffed food (OR 1.571 and 95% CI 1.170~2.110) were more likely to be overweight/obese. Conclusions: The eating habits of school-age children are closely related to their weight status. Poor eating habits can be risk factors for overweight and obesity. The dietary management of children should be strengthened so that they develop good eating habits and the incidence of overweight and obesity in school-age children decreases.

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Influence of the Accumulation of Unhealthy Eating Habits on Obesity in a General Japanese Population: The Hisayama Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12103160 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 3160

Author(s):

Yuki Ishida ◽

Daigo Yoshida ◽

Takanori Honda ◽

Yoichiro Hirakawa ◽

Mao Shibata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Japanese Population ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Eating Habit ◽

Face To Face ◽

General Japanese Population ◽

Unhealthy Eating ◽

Late Evening ◽

Japanese Subjects

Few studies have examined the association between the accumulation of unhealthy eating habits and the likelihood of obesity or central obesity in a general Japanese population. We examined this association in a sample of 1906 community-dwelling Japanese subjects (age: 40–74 years) who participated in a health check-up in 2014. A face-to-face questionnaire interview was conducted to collect information about three unhealthy eating habits, i.e., snacking, eating quickly, and eating late-evening meals. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 and central obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥90 cm in men and ≥80 cm in women. The odds ratios (OR) were estimated by using a logistic regression analysis. Subjects with any one of the three eating habits had a significantly higher likelihood of obesity than those without that habit after adjusting for confounding factors. The multivariable-adjusted OR for obesity increased linearly with an increase in the number of accumulated unhealthy eating habits (p for trend < 0.001). Similar associations were observed for central obesity. Our findings suggest that modifying each unhealthy eating habit and avoiding an accumulation of multiple unhealthy eating habits might be important to reduce the likelihood of obesity.

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