scholarly journals Groundwater Chemistry at Deep Aquifer in Koyra: Khulna, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 460-471
Author(s):  
Tusar Kumar Das ◽  
Molla Rahman Shaibur ◽  
Mohammad Mahfuzur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Groundwater Chemistry ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Deep Aquifer ◽  
Water Quality Standard ◽  
Tube Well

Koyra (Khulna District) is the coastal Upazila of Bangladesh and is very susceptible to salinity intrusion. The surface and shallow tube well water in the Upazila is naturally saline. The quality of subterranean tube well water in the deliberate area is hardly presented for different Unions of Koyra. Dakshin Bedkashi Union of Koyra is very saline prone. Therefore, the groundwater chemistry of Dakshin Bedkashi Union was determined to legalize if the groundwater is fit for drinking and irrigation or not. Spatially dispersed 30 water samples were collected from the deep aquifer (550 to 700 feet depth) in December, 2016 and analyzed for physico-chemical properties. The outcomes were compared with WHO, USEPA and BBS drinking water quality standard and with FAO standard for irrigation purpose. The pH varied from 6.73 to 8.33, indicating that the water samples were within the WHO drinking water quality standard. The TDS showed a long range variation (230.5 to 2052.0 ppm) with an average of 841.23 ppm, of which 33% of water sources exceeded BBS standard value. The mean value of salinity was 0.65 (±0.43) ppt and EC was 1,400.9 (±904.18) µS cm-1. The loads of key ions were ranked as Na+> Ca2+> Mg2+> K+ and HCO3-> Cl-> SO42-> NO3-> PO4-. The Piper diagram demonstrated that the existing hydro-chemical facies of groundwater were Na+-Cl--HCO3- and Na+-Ca2+-HCO3- type. The Gibbs diagram illustrated that the chemical arrangement of groundwater is mainly misrepresented by rock weathering. Silicate weathering was the profuse process along study area. The Wilcox diagram proved that the greater water sources were allowable to suspicious for irrigation. The core component analysis ensured that rock suspension and sea water intrusion was the primary source of ions in groundwater. The controlling factors of groundwater chemistry were typically related to geologic factors, while the anthropogenic factors have not any momentous effects.

scholarly journals Study of Compliance of Sealed Bottled Water with Nepal Drinking Water Quality Standard: A Case of Bhaktapur Municipality, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Prasidha Raj Neupane ◽  
Iswor Bajracharya ◽  
Meera Prajapati ◽  
Hishila Sujakhu ◽  
Pramod Awal
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Standard ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physico Chemical

Bottled water is generally considered safe for drinking. However, several studies have reported the substandard quality of bottled water. Physico-chemical assessment of ten different brands of bottled water distributed in Bhaktapur Municipality was carried out from January 2018 to March 2018. In total, one hundred bottled water samples consisting of ten different brands were collected randomly from various retail outlets. Eight selected physico-chemical and microbiological parameters were analysed following standard methods, and the results were compared with the Nepal Drinking Water Quality Standard (NDWQS) (2005). Out of one hundred samples, sixty-nine samples did not comply with the standard pH limit. Other physico-chemical parameters were found to comply with the standard though variations were observed in the concentrations among different brands. Microbial contamination was not found in any brands of the bottled water samples considered in this study. However, it is necessary to examine other contaminants such as heavy metals, minerals, and chemicals to know the overall quality of water. Moreover, the regulatory bodies are required to strictly monitor water processing companies for the maintenance of the quality of bottled water.

scholarly journals Organoleptic and palatability properties of drinking water sources and its health implications in Ethiopia: a retrospective study during 2010-2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-229
Author(s):  
Sisay Derso Mengesha ◽  
Abel Weldetinsae ◽  
Kirubel Tesfaye ◽  
Girum Taye
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Background: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties of drinking water sources in Ethiopia and compare the water quality with the health-based target. For this purpose, the water quality database of Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) from 2010 to 2016 was used. Methods: The concentration and other properties of the water samples were analyzed according to the Standard Methods of Water and Wastewater analysis. Quality control and quality assurance were applied in all stages following our laboratory standard operation procedures (SOPs). Results: The concentration of the selected parameters varied based on the type of water sources. The mean concentration of turbidity was higher in spring water (21.3 NTU) compared to tap (12.6 NTU) and well (3.9 NTU) water sources. The mean concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), sodium (Na+), and sulfate (SO4 -2) was found to be higher in spring water sources than tap and well water sources. Comparably, the concentration of hardness, calcium, and magnesium was found to be higher in well water sources than spring and tap water sources. The bivariate analysis indicated that out of 845 analyzed water samples, more than 50% of the samples from Oromia region had turbidity, pH, TDS, hardness, Ca++, K+, and Na+ within an acceptable limit. In addition, the logistic regression analysis showed that water quality parameters were strongly associated with the type of water sources and regional administration at P<0.05. Conclusion: More than 80% of the samples analyzed from drinking water sources were in agreement with WHO guidelines and national standards. However, the remaining 20% specifically, pH (25%), calcium (20%), hardness (18.1%), TDS (15.5%), and turbidity (13.3%) analyzed from improved water sources did not comply with these recommendations. Due to objectionable or unpleasant taste, people may force to look for alternative unprotected water sources that lead to health concerns.

scholarly journals Rural Drinking Water Quality Status in Central Development Region, Nepal: A Comparative Study of Spring water and Ground water

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Bishnu Pandey ◽  
Suman Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Development Region ◽  
Water Quality Status ◽  
Quality Status

This study assesses the rural drinking water quality status in Central Development Region of Nepal. With a total of 250 samples collected from 15 districts of the region, drinking water quality of spring water and ground water representing hill and Terai (lowland) regions were tested and compared for their physicochemical parameters and faecal coliform contamination.None of the spring samples as well as ground water samples violated National Drinking Water Standards (NDWS) for electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), appearance, chloride and nitrate. Similarly none violated the standards for total hardness (TH) indicating soft nature of the water. The spring samples were within the NDWS for manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) whereas 15.4% and 39.0% of the ground water samples violated the standards for manganese and iron, respectively. Gravity water is found to be more alkaline than ground water. Faecal coliforms were the most problematic in both types of sources followed by Ammonia (NH3) and pH in spring sources and by iron, Mn, pH and ammonia in ground water sources, respectively. Spring sources were more contaminated by bacteria than ground water sources. Correlation and regression analysis revealed highly significant correlations between EC and TDS (r=0.979) and between CaH and TH (r=0.988) in ground water suggesting that aquifer chemistry of ground water to be mainly controlled by EC, TDS, TH, and CaH. Similarly, highly significant correlations were found between the following pairs in gravity water: EC and TDS (r=0.983), TA and TDS(r=0.853), CaH and TDS (r=0.912), TH and TDS (r=0.955), EC and CaH (r=0.898), and between CaH and TH (r=0.951).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v9i0.7074 Hydro Nepal Vol.9 July 2011 52-56

scholarly journals Domestic drinking water management: Quality assessment in Oforikrom municipality, Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 003685042110359
Author(s):  
Eugene Appiah-Effah ◽  
Emmanuel Nketiah Ahenkorah ◽  
Godwin Armstrong Duku ◽  
Kwabena Biritwum Nyarko
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Water Quality Analysis ◽  
Microbial Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water Sources

Drinking water in Ghana is estimated at 79%, but this only represents the proportion of the population with access to improved drinking water sources without regard to the quality of water consumed. This study investigated the quality of household drinking water sources in the Oforikrom municipality where potable water requirements are on the rise due to an ever-increasing population. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed in this study. One Hundred households were randomly selected and interviewed on the available options for drinking water and household water treatment and safe storage. A total of 52 points of collection (POC) and 97 points of use (POU) water samples from households were collected for physicochemical and microbial water quality analysis. Amongst the available drinking water options, sachet water (46%) was mostly consumed by households. Water quality analysis revealed that the physicochemical parameters of all sampled drinking water sources were within the Ghana Standards Authority (GSA) recommended values expected for pH (ranging from 4.50 to 7.50). For the drinking water sources, bottled (100%, n = 2) and sachet water (91%, n = 41) showed relatively good microbial water quality. Generally, POC water samples showed an improved microbial water quality in comparison to POU water samples. About 38% ( n = 8) of the households practicing water quality management, were still exposed to unsafe drinking water sources. Households should practice good water quality management at the domestic level to ensure access to safe drinking water. This may include the use of chlorine-based disinfectants to frequently disinfect boreholes, wells and storage facilities at homes.

scholarly journals Manganese in potable water of nine districts, Bangladesh: Human health risk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Aminur Rahman ◽  
Md. Abul Hashem ◽  
Md. Sohel Rana ◽  
Md. Rashidul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Tube Well ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Safe drinking water is directly linked to good human health. An excessive amount of manganese (Mn) in drinking water supplies causes people show symptoms of neurotoxicity. In this study, the level of Mn in potable water sourced from tube wells located in 9 (nine) districts of Bangladesh was monitored. In total 170 (one hundred and seventy) water samples were collected and Mn was quantified by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The levels of Mn found in the tube well water samples of Sirajganj, Meherpur, Chuadanga, Jhenaidah, Magura, Faridpur, Jashore, Satkhira, and Khulna were 0.37–1.86, 0.10–4.11, 0.30–0.76, 0.26–0.94, 0.01–0.18, 0.21–1.78, 0.08–1.23, 0.05–0.27 and 0.01–2.11 mg/L, respectively. Results revealed that Mn level was beyond the highest contaminated levels of 0.1 mg/L and 0.4 mg/L, which are recommended by Bangladesh Drinking Standard (BDS) and World Health Organization (WHO), respectively. The maximum Mn contaminated level reached up to 4.11 mg/L (mean: 0.53 mg/L). The Mn level in tube well water exceeded 51.1% and 75.9% set by the recommended value of WHO and BDS, respectively. Furthermore, the calculated hazard quotient (HQ) value for Mn was observed to be greater than unity, indicating both children and adults risked potential non-carcinogenic health issues. The water supply authorities should take steps to provide Mn-free drinking water for communities.

scholarly journals Water quality status of groundwater and municipal water supply (tap water) from Bagmati river basin in Kathmandu valley, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pabitra Bhandari ◽  
Megha Raj Banjara ◽  
Anjana Singh ◽  
Samikshya Kandel ◽  
Deepa Shree Rawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Tube Well ◽  
Bagmati River

Abstract Poor waste management in the Kathmandu valley has deteriorated the water quality of surface and groundwater sources. The objective of this study was to assess the status of water quality (WQ) in drinking water sources of groundwater and municipal supply (tap water) from the Bagmati river basin in Kathmandu valley. A total of 52 water samples from deep tube-well, tube-well, dug-well, and tap water were collected and analyzed for physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters using standard methods. The results revealed that chloride, total hardness (TH), copper, nitrate, sulfate, and turbidity were within the recommendations of the National Drinking Water Quality Standard (NDWQS). Total coliform (TC) bacteria in 84.6% of the samples exceeded drinking water guidelines. Similarly, the isolates of different enteric bacteria, namely Escherichia coli (21.5%), Citrobacter spp. (20.9%), Klebsiella spp. (19.8%), Proteus spp. (13.9%), Enterobacter spp. (8.72%), Salmonella spp. (5.8%), Shigella spp. (5.2%), and Pseudomonas (4.1%) were identified in the samples collected from the respective sources. Out of the 52 water samples, 7.7% of samples had fecal contamination of somatic coliphage. The groundwater and municipal water supply in the study area are not safe for drinking purposes. Treatment of water is required before its use for household applications.

scholarly journals Estimation of Optimum Alum Doses of Mountain Water for Water Supply Treatment in Hill Tribe Villages in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suntorn Sudsandee ◽  
Natthathida Patthanacheroen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
Hill Tribe ◽  
Primary Water

Abstract Hill tribe villages are located in mountainous and remote areas. Primary water supply and drinking water sources are mountain water from a small weir on the mountain. Most mountain waters found turbidity higher than 1 NTU, and water quality was unclean to use and drink. This research applied different concentrations of alum doses to observe turbidity reduction. Optimum alum does apply to reduce turbidity for mountain water samples from Hmong, Karen, Lahu, and Lisu for three seasons. The optimum alum dose is between 20 - 40 mg/l in rainy seasons and 10 – 40 mg/l in summer. The cold season was low optimum alum dose at 10 mg/l for all hill tribe villages. Therefore, alum coagulants can be used to treat the mountain water supply and drinking that can implement the main problem of mountain water in hill tribe village.

scholarly journals Microbiological Analysis of Tube-Well Water in a Rural Area of Bangladesh

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 3328-3330 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Islam ◽  
A. Siddika ◽  
M. N. H. Khan ◽  
M. M. Goldar ◽  
M. A. Sadique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
World Health ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Tube Wells ◽  
The World ◽  
Tube Well ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT Five tube-wells in Matlab, Bangladesh, were selected for analysis of selected biophysicochemical parameters. The results showed that all tube-well water samples contained zooplankton and bacteria. Results for some of the parameters were outside the accepted limits recommended by the World Health Organization for drinking water. It is concluded that water from tube-wells should be treated if used as drinking water.

scholarly journals Quality Assessment of Drinking Well Water near Dumpsite at Ogidi-Oloje Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-328
Author(s):  
K.O. Yusuf ◽  
I.B. Sadiku ◽  
O.S. Abioye
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
And Control

This study was conducted to determine the quality of drinking well water near dumpsite at Ogidi-Oloje, Ilorin, Kwara State. Open wells near dumpsite could be polluted due to percolation of chemicals from the decomposition of refuse and scraps of electronic boards having potential of causing diseases to man. Most people at Ogidi-Oloje Ilorin depend on open wells near dumpsite for drinking water during dry season. Water samples were collected from seven open wells (W1 - W6) 9.2 - 18.2 m away from dumpsite and the control well W7 was 45.0 m away from the dumpsite. Physicochemical and bacteriological properties were determined from the water samples during dry season (March, 2019) and rainy season (July, 2019). Phosphate, Cadmium, Lead, Feacal coliform were not detected during dry season but only Feacal coliform was not detected in the water during rainy season. All the values of physicochemical properties of the water were within WHO permissible limits except Iron and Cadmium that above the limits which could cause diseases to mankind. Values of Iron during dry season for six well sources were 3.61, 4.02, 4.26, 3.25, 5.14 and 7.24 mg/L while values for rainy season and control were 0.715, 1.410, 0.650, 0.049, 0.780, 1.110 and 0.775 mg/L(control) but WHO limits is 0.03mg/L. Concentrations of Cadmium in the water during rainy season were 0.010, 0.015, 0.015, 0.020, 0.015, 0.015 and 0.02mg/L(control) but WHO limit is 0.003 mg/L. This study revealed that the water is suitable for consumption during dry season but unsuitable during rainy season. Keywords: well water quality, groundwater pollution, water diseases, dumpsite

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