Critical thinking and diagnostic reasoning when assessing problems with the genitourinary system

2022 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Karen Powell

Urological conditions have become increasingly common and early diagnosis is key to achieving better outcomes. This article discusses the importance of having a comprehensive understanding of urological disorders, having the skills to interpret relevant information, and recognising the relationships among given elements to make an appropriate clinical diagnosis.

1985 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
R. K. Bradley ◽  
S. H. Murch

SummaryFour cases of spinal cord compression, with symptoms and signs evolving over several years or as quickly as two days, are presented. The symptoms and signs of extrinsic cord compression are described and briefly contrasted with those of intrinsic cord or cauda equina lesions. The need for early clinical diagnosis is emphasised.


2015 ◽  
Vol 173 (1) ◽  
pp. R35-R45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen L Storr ◽  
Martin O Savage

Cushing's disease (CD) is the commonest form of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome and is a rare clinical diagnosis in paediatric and adolescent patients. CD is caused by an ACTH-secreting pituitary corticotroph adenoma and is associated with significant morbidity in children; therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are critical for optimal therapeutic outcome. This review highlights the key clinical and biochemical features of paediatric CD and appraises current practices in diagnosis and management. A close liaison with adult endocrinology colleagues, particularly, for interpretation of investigations and definition of therapeutic strategy is strongly advised.


Diagnosis ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ashley Graham Kennedy

Philosophers have been writing about the practice of medicine for some time, but relatively little has been written about the practice of clinical diagnosis or the issues of evidence, ethics, and justice involved in this process. This introduction sets the stage for the philosophical analysis that takes place in the rest of the book, which combines methods of current philosophy of science and philosophy of medicine to address both issues in diagnostic reasoning and diagnostic testing in the clinical setting.


1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 580-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
TM Van Wyngarden ◽  
AL Bleyaert

Diagnosis and follow-up treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy is difficult because of the subjective, nonspecific nature of its primary symptom, burning pain. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy with epidural nerve blocks improves clinical resolution. Temperature difference between extremities and dependent cyanosis are reliable objective signs for clinical diagnosis and the evaluation of progress for treatment for reflex sympathetic dystrophy.


2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stĕpánka Bilová

Abstract A case brief can be described as a succinct summary of a case which specifies the facts, procedural history, legal issue(s), court decision and legal reasoning supporting the judgment, even though exact formats may vary. Case briefing is a demanding activity which is required from students during their law studies. The goal is to teach students to focus on the essential parts of the case and to obtain a thorough understanding of the case and the reasoning, which means the students need to employ their analytical and critical thinking skills. The course of English for academic legal purposes (as part of English for specific purposes) can also benefit from implementing case briefs. Students are exposed to useful legal vocabulary while the cases themselves bring real life examples of the law, which can increase students’ interest and motivation. The paper briefly introduces the literature on the methodology of teaching case briefing and on case briefs within the linguistics research and then describes a sample activity on case briefs from legal English classes. My experience shows that it is important to provide students with sufficient scaffolding for completing the task successfully. Even though the students feel they are easily and quickly acquainted with the format and the language used, they encounter problems when preparing particular cases. The activity combines both individual and collaborative work, oral and written outputs and peer reviewing. Case briefing is a valuable learning activity; nevertheless, some students may find it difficult as they need not only language skills, but also general critical thinking skills. The teacher should therefore facilitate their work, help them practice the ability to find relevant information, identify the issue, and comprehend the reasoning behind.


2021 ◽  
pp. 124-134
Author(s):  
Инна Вячеславовна Шукурова ◽  
Наталья Евгеньевна Чеснокова

Рассматривается вопрос развития критического мышления студентов средствами иностранного языка. Оценивается место и роль дисциплины «Иностранный язык» в развитии универсальных компетенций студентов и в их адаптации к современным требованиям, предъявляемым будущим специалистам. Представлены составляющие умения критического мышления, которые позволяют осмысливать полученную информацию, обобщать и отделять ее от второстепенных фактов, формулировать выводы, оценивать. Средством развития критического мышления студентов выбран учебный иноязычный текст, который рассматривается не только как источник информации, но и как средство активизации мыслительной деятельности. Отмечается недостаток методик, способствующих развитию критического мышления. Описывается возможность использования таксономии педагогических целей Б. Блума в работе с учебным текстом. Таксономия позволяет правильно ставить образовательные цели, формулировать мотивирующие задания и отслеживать прогресс в развитии умений. Приведен пример работы с учебным текстом по принципу таксономии, который дает возможность корректировать учебную деятельность студентов, направленную на развитие их критического мышления. The article considers the process of students’ critical thinking development through the English language resources. The authors highlight the importance of English in the developing of students’ universal competencies and their adaption to the current professional requirements. The article outlines the essential critical thinking skills that allow students to comprehend the received material, break down the material into its constituent parts, to distinguish relevant information from extraneous material, to synthesize, to infer and evaluate it. The educational foreign-language text is used as a means of students’ critical thinking development. The authors emphasize the text’s multifunction nature and its contribution into enhancement of students’ thinking activity. Despite the teachers’ keen interest in the process of critical thinking developing some authors prove the lack of methods and techniques promoting its growth. The article gives an overview of Bloom’s taxonomy and outlines its application in the educational process. The taxonomy is widely used to set educational objectives, to formulate motivating exercises and monitor headway in knowledge and skills developing. The study shows that not all textbooks and tasks are intended to enhance critical thinking skills. So, the authors analyzed their English textbook and changed their approach to work with the texts. The article describes the experience proving that new challenging tasks help students comprehend the received information, distinguish relevant facts, summarize and learn to evaluate.


Author(s):  
Bernardo J. Oliveira ◽  
Marina A. Fonseca ◽  
Verona Campos Segantini

This article presents a methodology to teach about the nature of sciences and their histories through the construction of controversial dialogs in order to promote reflective and engaging practices among undergraduate and graduate students.  This proposal seeks to establish the study’s guidelines and organize the distribution of tasks in groups to draft scripts of dialogs that bring relevant information and that produce antagonistic positions on controversial socioscientific issues. This information will later be recorded in short home videos of 5 to 10 minutes each, which will then be shown and discussed in the classroom. Finally, this article highlights some limitations of this methodology, primarily in the way it has been used in this study. By contrast, the advantages of its use are pinpointed as a didactic strategy that serves to stimulate historical research and critical thinking regarding the nature of science and its sociotechnical relations. 


2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Christodoulou ◽  
Bill Fulford ◽  
Juan E. Mezzich

The 2005 General Assembly of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) established the Institutional Program on Psychiatry for the Person (IPPP) in response both to a recognition of our profession's historical aspirations and to recent international developments in clinical care and public health. These considerations point to the relevance of a comprehensive understanding of health and the centrality of the person in the delivery and the planning of healthcare. The IPPP's goals can be summarised as the promotion of a psychiatry of the person (of the totality of the person's health, both ill and positive), by the person (with clinicians extending themselves as full human beings), for the person (assisting the fulfilment of the person's life project) and with the person (in respectful collaboration with the person who consults). Operationally, the IPPP has four components: conceptual bases, clinical diagnosis, clinical care, and public health. What follows is an initial review of the IPPP's conceptual bases and an outline of its emerging activities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Peng Jia ◽  
Shan Zhu ◽  
Lin Guo

The early diagnosis and treatment of spinal fractures and paraplegia by CT scan is investigated in depth and its clinical value is discussed in this paper. In this paper, a novel circulatory generation adversarial network, Spine-GAN, is proposed for the diagnosis of various spinal diseases. The algorithmic model can fully automate the segmentation and classification of multiple spinal structures, such as intervertebral discs, vertebrae, and neuroforamina, simultaneously to intelligently generate a complete clinical diagnosis. The innovation of this method is that Spine-GAN not only overcomes the high variability and complexity of spinal structures in MRI images but also preserves the subtle differences between normal and abnormal spinal structures and dynamically learns obscure but important spatial pathological relationships between adjacent structures of the spine, thus overcoming the limitations of small datasets. Spine-GAN enables accurate segmentation, radiological classification, and pathological correlation representation of the three spinal diseases. Specifically, Spine-GAN achieves a pixel accuracy of 96.2% with a specificity and sensitivity distribution of 89.1% and 86%, respectively. The DMML-Net and Spine-GAN algorithm models have important applications and research values in the clinical diagnosis of spinal diseases and MRI image processing, as well as in the intelligent generation of medical image diagnostic reports, which are of great importance for the study of fine-grained image classification of pathological images. It also has a positive impact on the development of the software.


2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (20) ◽  
pp. 1172-1176
Author(s):  
Jill Byrne

This is the second of two articles exploring assessment and clinical reasoning of conditions relating to the heart and cardiovascular system in the context of emergency care. In the last article, the structure and function of the heart was reviewed, and reference made to many of the conditions that may affect the heart. In addition, the common presenting complaints of cardiac conditions were highlighted, together with important aspects of the history for each symptom. The full cardiac examination was outlined. In this article, some of the common cardiac conditions will be discussed. These will be linked to common findings in the history, examination, and investigations.


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