Exploring the Challenges of Tertiary Students in Non-Laboratory Courses After the First Year of Emergency Remote Teaching

<p style="text-align: justify;">Shortly after the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic began, studies on the challenges faced by tertiary students during Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) became available. However, the data sets were harvested early, as many countries began implementing ERT in response to the pandemic in March 2020. Many recent studies have failed to distinguish between the challenges faced by students enrolled in the laboratory and non-laboratory courses. There is still a dearth of literature on the difficulties encountered by students enrolled in non-laboratory courses following the first year of ERT implementation. The purpose of this paper was to examine the various challenges faced by tertiary students enrolled in non-laboratory courses following the conclusion of the first year of ERT implementation. Contextualized in two state-owned higher education institutions in northern Luzon, this study employed a fundamental qualitative approach, with focus group discussions (FGDs) serving as the primary data collection technique. Five major themes emerged from the FGDs with 42 purposively selected tertiary students. These themes presented in the spider web illustration include (1) student-focused challenges, (2) instructional material-related challenges, (3) instructor-emanating challenges, (4) technology-related challenges, and (5) student support-related challenges. This article concludes that these issues must be dealt with immediately to facilitate the implementation of ERT in non-laboratory courses. These difficulties may also be dimensions of concerns about distance education, particularly in non-urban areas of the Philippines. The themes also provide some actual pictures of the student challenges in the initial year of ERT in college. This paper highlighted some implications for pedagogy and educational management, as well as future research directions.</p>

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Emerging Privacy Issues in Times of Open Science

10.31234/osf.io/u236e ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Benjamin Erb ◽

Christoph Bösch ◽

Cornelia Herbert ◽

Frank Kargl ◽

Christian Montag

Keyword(s):

Research Process ◽

Open Science ◽

Primary Data ◽

Future Research ◽

Data Sets ◽

Replication Studies ◽

Replication Crisis ◽

Important Challenge ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Privacy Issues

The open science movement has taken up the important challenge to increase transparency of statistical analyses, to facilitate reproducibility of studies, and to enhance reusability of data sets. To counter the replication crisis in the psychological and related sciences, the movement also urges researchers to publish their primary data sets alongside their articles. While such data publications represent a desirable improvement in terms of transparency and are also helpful for future research (e.g., subsequent meta-analyses or replication studies), we argue that such a procedure can worsen existing privacy issues that are insufficiently considered so far in this context. Recent advances in de-anonymization and re-identification techniques render privacy protection increasingly difficult, as prevalent anonymization mechanisms for handling participants' data might no longer be adequate. When exploiting publicly shared primary data sets, data from multiple studies can be linked with contextual data and eventually, participants can be de-anonymized. Such attacks can either re-identify specific individuals of interest, or they can be used to de-anonymize entire participant cohorts. The threat of de-anonymization attacks can endanger the perceived confidentiality of responses by participants, and ultimately, lower the overall trust of potential participants into the research process due to privacy concerns.

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Urban scaling of health outcomes: a protocol for a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031176 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. e031176

Author(s):

Edwin M McCulley ◽

Pricila Mullachery ◽

Daniel Rodriguez ◽

Ana V Diez Roux ◽

Usama Bilal

Keyword(s):

Health Outcomes ◽

Latin American ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Scientific Journal ◽

Sustainable Growth ◽

City Size ◽

Primary Data ◽

Future Research ◽

Scaling Properties

IntroductionWith most of the world’s population living in urban areas, it is important to understand the health effects of city living. Precise descriptions of the relations of city size and growth with population health metrics have not been systematically described. Describing these relationships can provide clues regarding the factors driving differences in health across cities.ObjectiveThe goal of this scoping review is to map the existing evidence regarding the scaling properties of health outcomes, with a special emphasis on city size and growth.Method and analysisWe will conduct this scoping review based on a structured search of a combination of keywords for the exposures that aim to capture the population growth and size of cities along with degree of urbanisation, for health-related outcomes regardless of their type (incidence or prevalence of diseases and injuries and mortality). We will search the MEDLINE and Latin American & Caribbean Health Sciences Literature databases from inception for studies in English, Spanish or Portuguese and perform manual searches of references and citations in the included studies. The search will be conducted from April 2019 to September 2019. We will report results using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. This review aims to inform future research on the role of increasing levels of urbanisation on health outcomes, provide clues into what city level factors may drive patterns of urban health and lead to the design and implementation of policies that promote sustainable growth and improved health.Ethics and disseminationThis review will not collect any primary data and will rely on published articles. The findings of this review will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.

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Determinants of fast food consumption in Kampala, Uganda

African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development ◽

10.18697/ajfand.53.10775 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (53) ◽

pp. 6567-6581

Author(s):

SA Ayo ◽

◽

J Bonabana-Wabbi ◽

D Sserunkuuma

Keyword(s):

Food Consumption ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Fast Food ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Primary Data ◽

Work Place ◽

Future Research ◽

Food Sector ◽

Heckman Model ◽

Fast Food Consumption

Consumption of fast-food in Uganda is becoming an increasingly important component of the food market as more of the working class choose to dine out rather than prepare meals at home. Despite the importance of the fast-food sector, limited attempts have been made to study the consumption and expenditure behaviour of consumers of fast-food in Uganda. The main objective of this study was to assess characteristics influencing the consumption of fast-food in Kampala district. Specifically, the objectives of the study were: to assess the factors influencing the probability of consuming fast-food; and to determine the level of expenditure on fastfood. Primary data on socio-economic characteristics were collected from a sample of 300 respondents using a multi-stage sampling procedure. The study revealed that majority (90%) of the respondents consumed fast-food. The consumption of fast-food was most motivated by their taste and convenience. Results from the Heckman model show that household size, education level and distance from work-place to restaurant negatively influenced the probability of fast-food consumption and level of expenditure on fast-food while disposable monthly income had a positive effect on the probability of consumption and level of expenditure on fast-food. The high demand for fast-food is seen as an easy solution to consumers’ busy schedules and limited meal preparation time. As changing tastes and need for convenience become the goal of households, consumption of fast-food will be expected to rise especially in urban areas. This increase in fast-food consumption, coupled with rising population and urbanization in Uganda offers new market opportunities for agribusiness firms to exploit the growing demand by investing in the fast-food sector and producing sufficiently for this market. In addition, fast-food establishments should ensure proximity of their products and services to the consumers as convenience greatly influences fast-food consumption. Future research should include identification of sources of agricultural products used by fast-food outlets to provide information about the contribution of the fast-food sector to agricultural marketing and farmers’ livelihoods in Uganda.

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Influence of Pre-Medicine Course GPA and National Medical Admission Test on First Year GPA Among College of Medicine Students: A Retrospective Review

Abstract Proceedings International Scholars Conference ◽

10.35974/isc.v7i1.1472 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 600-609

Author(s):

Doris A. Mendoza ◽

Zenaida Antonio

Keyword(s):

Medical School ◽

Medical Schools ◽

The Philippines ◽

Medical Laboratory ◽

Future Research ◽

First Year ◽

Medical Admission ◽

National Medical ◽

Bivariate Correlation ◽

Admission Test

Introduction: The admission criteria used by medical schools in the Philippines in selecting future doctors are the same. These include academic ability, insight into medicine, extracurricular activities and interests, personality, motivation, linguistic and communication skills, and the National Medical Admission Test (NMAT). However, the evidence for using these criteria is limited. The Adventist University of the Philippines College of Medicine (AUP-COM), determined the significant predictors of its students’ GPA in their first year in medical school. The first-year GPA of the students was associated with their success in medical schools. Methods: Utilizing the Pre-medical Board Course GPA and NMAT as factors in predicting future performance of the students in the medical field, this retrospective study utilized all students from four batches (N = 153) who were accepted in COM. 11.1% were from Batch 2019, 26% from Batch 2020, 33% from Batch 2021 and 30.1% from 2022. Majority were females (66%) and had pre-medical courses such as Medical Laboratory Science (49.7%), BS Biology (15.55%), and BS Nursing (11.1%). Statistical analysis included mean, standard deviation, percentage, correlation, and regression. Results: The NMAT of the medicine students had an average of 72.01, with a pre-medicine course GPA of 90.69 (B) and first-year GPA of 84.6% (C+). The bivariate correlation revealed significant positive relationship of NMAT and pre-medicine course grade to the GPA of the students in their first year in medical school. However, regression analysis revealed that only pre-medicine course GPA significantly predicted the first year GPA of students. Discussion: This result can be an eye-opener to medical schools on the percentage weight given to NMAT score as one of the major criteria in the selection process of future doctors. Future research may include other predictors of student performance since pre-medicine course GPA contributes only 13.2% of the variance in medicine students’ first year GPA.

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Social Enterprise Awareness, Perception, and Purchase Influence in South East China

10.4018/978-1-7998-7689-2.ch011 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 214-241

Author(s):

Mingyi Chen ◽

Jiawei Feng ◽

Rob Kim Marjerison ◽

Rongjuan Chen

Keyword(s):

Social Enterprise ◽

Purchase Intention ◽

Present Situation ◽

Social Enterprises ◽

Primary Data ◽

Future Research ◽

First Year ◽

Chinese Government ◽

Upward Trend ◽

Online Surveys

This study aims to explore awareness and interest in social enterprises in China and in doing so provide a benchmark for comparison with future research on the topic. There is a shortage of evidence in the previous literature with which to compare the present situation, but the regulatory emphasis and resources presently dedicated by the Chinese government to social enterprises makes research in this area relevant and makes it likely that the development of social enterprises would have an upward trend in awareness and interest. Primary data was collected from over 600 online surveys which measured awareness, purchase intention, and purchase motivation before and during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of this chapter may contribute to future research on the trends of social enterprise awareness and interest in China and may also be of interest to those with an interest in social entrepreneurship.

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Operationalizing local children nutrition surveillance system: The Philippines' Operation Timbang revisiited, the case of Abra de Ilog

World Nutrition ◽

10.26596/wn.201910486-98 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 86-98

Author(s):

Ma. Anna Rita Marfil Ramirez ◽

Rowena V. Viajar ◽

Glenda P. Azaña

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Nutritional Assessment ◽

Local Level ◽

The Philippines ◽

Government Support ◽

Primary Data ◽

Data Sets ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Nutrition Research

Background: Malnutrition among Filipino children persists; underscoring the value of nutritional assessment procedures. In the Philippines, this is carried out at the local level in its annual Operation Timbang [weigh] (OPT or OPT Plus). Local government unit officials observed higher malnutrition prevalence rates in nutrition survey reports of the Department of Science and Technology’s Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI) compared with its OPT. A revisit of the OPT provided evidence on the comparability of the two data sets and sources of variance analyzed. Objectives: 1) describe municipal level assessment of OPT in 10 barangays of Abra de Ilog municipality; 2) identify facilitating and hindering factors in OPT; and 3) compare OPT results with DOST-FNRI local nutrition survey in Abra de Ilog and identify potential sources of variance therefrom. Methods: Primary data were collected using focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Height and weight data were collected using standard methods of anthropometry. Results: The OPT/OPT Plus is the mass weighing of 0-71 months old children, including height measurements conducted during the first and fourth quarter of the year in Abra de Ilog. It was found that facilitating factors were availability of calibrated equipment, latest master list, local government support and budget. Lack of manpower, work overload, low honoraria, low work commitment, uncooperative mothers and high turnover of barangay [village] nutrition scholars hindered OPT implementation. The Abra de Ilog 2016 OPT Plus and the 4th quarter “OPT” reported lower malnutrition prevalence rates than the DOST-FNRI local survey. Conclusions: Significant differences in the two data sets could misguide program implementation. As an outcome of Sustainable Development Goal No. 2 of Zero Hunger, potential misclassification of nutritional status and misreporting of malnutrition prevalence rates have implications for the mapping of malnutrition, hence delivery of targeted nutrition intervention packages.

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THE APPLICATION OF PREVIEW, READ, WRITE, AND RECITE (PRWR) METHOD TO IMPROVE STUDENT’S ACHIEVEMENT IN READING RECOUNT TEXT

10.24114/reg.v3i2.1128 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rahmat Nasution And Rahmah

Keyword(s):

Secondary Data ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Primary Data ◽

Average Score ◽

First Year ◽

Generic Structure ◽

The Subject ◽

Minimum Criteria ◽

Main Ideas ◽

Orientation Test

The objective of this research is to find out whether the application Preview, Read,Write, and Recite (PRWR) method improve student’s achievement in readingrecount text. This research applied classroom action research model. This studywas done in six meetings. The subject of this study was first year of SMAN 1Delitua. Primary data were collected by giving 20 questions of multiple-choicetest, the aspects contained in the tests focused on generic structure, main ideas,factual information, and Secondary data were collected by (interview, observationsheet, and questionnaire sheet. Based on analysis data, it was found that thestudent’s achievement improved. It could be seen from the comparison of result inthe orientation test and the cycle test I and II. There were only 9 students who hadpassed minimum criteria KKM in orientation test (75). The improvement showedthat in cycle I and II, based on the total average score it was 16 (42,4%) up to 26(78,7%) in cycle II, The secondary data gathered from interview, observationsheet, and questionnaire sheet, showed that students’ expression and enthusiasticalso improved. Thus, it was found that the applications of Preview, Read, Write,and Recite (PRWR) method in process of teaching improved students’achievement in reading recount text. It is suggested that English teachers applyPRWR method in teaching reading recount text.

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Fields of spatial research on urban areas in the context of organisational solutions to new forms of transportation

Urban Development Issues ◽

10.2478/udi-2018-0023 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 53-60

Author(s):

Bartosz Czarnecki

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Transportation System ◽

Present Knowledge ◽

Future Research ◽

Use Of Self ◽

Large Share ◽

Main Achievement ◽

Self Driving Cars

Abstract The paper discusses the spatial consequences of the widespread use of self-driving cars and the resulting changes in the structure of urban areas. Analysing present knowledge on the technology, functionality and future forms of organisation of mobility with this type of means of transportation, conclusions are presented concerning the expected changes in the organisation of space in urban areas. The main achievement of the investigation is an outline of the fields of future research on the spatial consequences of a transportation system with a large share of self-driving cars.

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Assessment of knowledge about oral cancer: study with students of public education

RSBO ◽

10.21726/rsbo.v12i1.172 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 41 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elisabete Rabaldo Bottan ◽

Iara Fiorentin Comunello ◽

Constanza Marín ◽

Eduardo Mazzetti Subtil

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Oral Cancer ◽

Target Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Primary Data ◽

First Year ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adequate Knowledge ◽

Level Of Knowledge

Introduction and Objective: To evaluate the level of knowledge about oral cancer of students attending public school in one city of Santa Catarina (Brasil). Material and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study, using primary data collection. Students of last year of elementary school and first year of high school, enrolled in public schools in the city of Itajaí (SC), in 2012, were the target population. The non-probability sample was obtained by convenience. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire structured with 13 questions divided into three fields. The level of knowledge was made based on pre-established scores. Results: 1149 instruments were analyzed (80.8% of the target population). The average age of the group was 15.5 years and 54.5% were female. The majority (78%) never had received information about oral cancer. Only 27.9% had cognizance about self-examination of the oral cavity. With regard to knowledge, 87.5% classified as unsatisfactory. For most issues the cognitive field did not identify a significant correlation between knowledge and the variables gender and education. When asked if they would like to participate in educational and preventive activitiesabout oral cancer and other issues related to health, 72.6% expressed interest. Conclusion: The group did not have adequate knowledge on the subject of oral cancer. Facing this reality, and the positive attitude of respondents, the researchers designed and offered an educational program to the research subjects.

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Bridging the gap: blending spatial skills instruction into a technology teacher preparation programme

International Journal of Technology and Design Education ◽

10.1007/s10798-021-09691-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Diarmaid Lane ◽

Sheryl Sorby

Keyword(s):

Teacher Preparation ◽

Gender Gap ◽

Future Research ◽

First Year ◽

Spatial Skills ◽

First Year Students ◽

Base Level ◽

Technology Teacher ◽

And Mathematics ◽

The Impact

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a surge in research in spatial thinking across the international community. We now know that spatial skills are malleable and that they are linked to success across multiple disciplines, most notably Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). While spatial skills have been examined by cognitive scientists in laboratory environments for decades, current research is examining how these skills can be developed in field-based environments. In this paper, we present findings from a study within a Technology Teacher preparation programme where we examined first-year students’ spatial skills on entry to university. We explain why it was necessary to embed a spatial skills intervention into Year 1 of the programme and we describe the impact that this had on students’ spatial scores and on academic performance. The findings from our study highlight a consistent gender gap in spatial scores at the start of the first-year with female students entering the Technology Teacher preparation programme at a lower base level than male students. We describe how we integrated spatial development activities into an existing course and how an improvement in spatial scores and overall course performance was observed. The paper concludes by discussing the long-term sustainability of integrating spatial interventions within teacher preparation programmes while also highlighting the importance of future research to examine spatial skills as a fundamental component of technological capability.

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