scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Electrodynamics in Acuzones: Test-Induced Kinematics and Synchronous Structuring. Phenomenological Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-311
Author(s):  
Yuri F. Babich ◽  
Andrey Y. Babich
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Healthy Participant ◽  
Phase Dynamics ◽  
Thermal Stimuli ◽  
Therapy Treatment ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Anodic Stimulation

Background: So far there is no confidence in the basics of acupoint/meridian phenomena, specifically in spatial and temporal electrical manifestations in the skin.Methods: Using the skin electrodynamic introscopy, the skin areas of 32 × 64 mm2 were monitored for spectral electrical impedance landscape with spatial resolution of 1 mm, at 2 kHz and 1 MHz frequencies. The detailed baseline and 2D test-induced 2 kHz-impedance phase dynamics and the 4-parameter time plots of dozens of individual points in the St32-34 regions were examined in a healthy participant and a patient with mild gastritis. Non-thermal stimuli were used: (1) (for the sick subject), microwaves and ultraviolet radiation applied alternately from opposite directions of the meridian; and (2) (for the healthy one) microwaves to St17, and cathodic/anodic stimulation of the outermost St45, alternately.Results: In both cases, the following phenomena have been observed: emergence of in-phase and/or antiphase coherent structures, exceeding the acupoint conditional size of 1 cm; collective movement along the meridian; reversible with a reversed stimulus; counter-directional dynamics of both whole structures and adjacent points; local abnormalities in sensitivity and dynamics of the 1 MHz and 2 kHz parameters indicating existence of different waveguide paths.Conclusion: It is assumed that these findings necessitate reconsideration of some basic methodological issues regarding neurogenic/acupuncture points as spatial and temporal phenomena; this requires development of an appropriate approach for identifying the acuzones patterns. These findings may be used for developing new approaches to personalized/controlled therapy/treatment.

The Effects of Acupuncture on White Cell Counts

1974 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 383-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie L. Brown ◽  
George A. Ulett ◽  
John A. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
Needle Insertion ◽  
White Cell ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Site Stimulation

The anticipation of acupuncture, simple insertion of needles or the electrical stimulation of needles at both classical acupuncture points and "false" points, all produce an increase in white blood cell count. Electrostimulation produced the greatest, expectation of needle insertion the least, increase in white cell count. Though needles remain to place, the white cell count returns to basal level within one hour. Preliminary data on peripheral skin temperature as affected by stimulation of acupuncture points and non-points, suggests a higher temperature on the side of stimulation. For acupuncture site stimulation, the temperature differential appears to be more persistent than is true when non-sites are stimulated. Subjects reported needle insertion at acupuncture points as less painful than at non-points. Feelings of numbness were produced by stimulation of both classical and false acupuncture points.

Cutaneous Electrical Stimulation of Acupuncture Points May Enhance Gastric Myoelectrical Regularity

Digestion ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Sen Chang ◽  
Jen-Wei Chou ◽  
Chung-Wang Ko ◽  
Chun-Ying Wu ◽  
Gran-Hum Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Stimulation Of

Words to tap by: The use of language in Energy Psychology protocols

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
David Feinstein
Keyword(s):  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Client Outcomes ◽  
Energy Psychology ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Thought Field Therapy ◽  
Process Outcomes ◽  
Practitioner Training ◽  
Field Therapy ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Stimulation Of

Most Energy Psychology protocols include a component in which the client is guided in the use of personally tailored wording related to a target problem or goal. These phrases are stated simultaneously with the stimulation of selected acupuncture points (acupoints) via tapping. Thought Field Therapy (TFT) and its popular derivative, Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), are the most well-known variations of the acupoint tapping approaches. These therapies have been validated for their efficacy and unusual speed in resolving psychological and physical conditions in more than 100 clinical trials and several meta-analyses. Clinicians and life coaches wanting to incorporate acupoint tapping into their practices can readily learn the basic protocols but are often unsure about how to formulate the most effective wording to accompany the client’s self-tapping. This paper presents a qualitative analysis of videotaped statements that were judged to move the treatment forward in relationship to three process outcomes: (a) the statement resulted in the practitioner becoming better attuned to the client’s intentions for and experience with the therapy, (b) it explored the issues relevant to the client’s needs and goals in order to deepen both the client’s and the practitioner’s understanding of them, and/or (c) it led the client toward more effective ways of addressing pertinent issues. These three categories—attune, explore, lead—were derived from the 62 therapeutic functions of language that were identified as the videotaped wording was being coded. The list is only an initial formulation, based on one clinician’s sessions as analyzed by that clinician. It is intended as a first step toward a more comprehensive investigation of the use of language in Energy Psychology sessions, its impact on client outcomes, and its implications for practitioner training.

Comparative analysis of two laser wavelengths in the stimulation of acupuncture points for analgesic effects in an animal model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Aurélio Teixeira ◽  
Juliana Zampoli Boava Papini ◽  
Aguinaldo Garcez ◽  
Giovana Radomille Tofoli
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Stimulation Of

Unmyelinated nociceptors of rat paraspinal tissues

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1752-1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Bove ◽  
A. R. Light
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Intact Animal ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathies ◽  
Deep Tissue ◽  
Surrounding Connective Tissue ◽  
Thermal Stimuli ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. We made recordings from rat dorsal root filaments to study unmyelinated afferent units (conduction velocity < or = 1.5 m/s) associated with deep paraspinal tissues of the dorsal sacrum and proximal tail. Data from 57 unmyelinated units were analyzed in 47 experiments. Receptive fields were identified in intact animals and then surgically isolated using microdissection. Units were characterized using mechanical, noxious chemical, and thermal stimuli. 2. These recordings revealed innervation of the nerve sheaths and surrounding connective tissue, muscles, tendons, and tissue apposed to the undersurface of the skin. No units were found with receptive fields directly on joint capsular tissue. The receptive fields of the units were often multiple and located in more than one tissue; 31 of 57 units showed convergence from different tissues. 3. The units with receptive fields on neurovascular bundles shared sensitivities with other deep tissue units described in this and other reports. These units may have clinical importance in pain due to peripheral neuropathies. 4. The units initially responded to strong mechanical stimulation of the intact animal and often to noxious stretch of the tail. Once surgically isolated, an individual unit's threshold to mechanical stimuli appeared lower. 5. Capsaicin (0.001%-0.1%) elicited responses in 81% (17 of 21) of the units tested. Bradykinin (20 micrograms/ml) elicited responses in 45% (10 of 22) of the units tested. Noxious cold (4-10 degrees C) and hot (55 degrees C) stimulation elicited discharges from 33% (5 of 15) and 25% (5 of 20) of the units tested, respectively. 6. The unmyelinated units had similar mechanical, chemical, and thermal sensitivities. These similarities and the observed convergence only allowed separation of units by the tissue in which the ending was found, and did not allow further classification. 7. The prevalence of background discharge suggested that many units were sensitized during the experiments. 8. The sensitivities of these paraspinal units were similar to those reported for other tissues. Because of the anatomic similarity of the paraspinal tissues of the proximal tail and the lumbar spine, the conclusions of the present study can be related to the lumbar spine. These afferent units are thought to participate in nociception from the deep paraspinal tissues.

Responses of spinothalamic tract cells to mechanical and thermal stimulation of skin in rats with experimental peripheral neuropathy

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1562-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Palecek ◽  
V. Paleckova ◽  
P. M. Dougherty ◽  
S. M. Carlton ◽  
W. D. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Background Activity ◽  
Thermal Stimulation ◽  
Spontaneous Pain ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Spinothalamic Tract ◽  
High Background ◽  
Threshold Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Stimuli ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Responses of spinothalamic tract (STT) neurons to mechanical and thermal stimulation of skin were recorded under urethane and pentobarbital anesthesia in 12 control rats and in 20 rats with experimental neuropathy. Activity of the STT cells in neuropathic rats was recorded 7, 14, and 28 days after inducing the neuropathy by placing four loose ligatures on the sciatic nerve. 2. All neuropathic animals showed guarding of the injured hindpaw and a shorter withdrawal latency from a radiant heat source of the neuropathic hindpaw than that of the sham-operated paw. 3. STT neurons in neuropathic animals showed the most profound changes 7 and 14 days after the nerve ligation. When compared with STT cells in unoperated animals, approximately half of the neurons had high background activity, responses to innocuous stimuli represented a larger percentage of the total evoked activity in wide dynamic range neurons, and the occurrence and magnitude of afterdischarges to mechanical and thermal stimuli were increased. 4. The mean threshold temperatures of heat-evoked responses of the STT cells in neuropathic animals were not different than those of cells from control animals. However, in neuropathic rats, cells reacting to small heat stimuli usually already had afterdischarges. 5. The increase in the background activity of STT cells is consistent with behavioral observations of spontaneous pain in this model of experimental neuropathy. Furthermore, the afterdischarges of STT cells may parallel the prolonged paw withdrawal in response to noxious stimuli that is seen in these animals and that is evidence for hyperalgesia. However, there was no indication of a lowered threshold for thermal stimuli as might be expected if the animals have thermal allodynia. Mechanical allodynia may have resulted from a relative increase in responsiveness to innocuous mechanical stimuli. However, responses to noxious mechanical stimuli were reduced compared with control, at least at 28 days after the ligation. Peripheral and central mechanisms responsible for the changes in responses of STT cells in neuropathic animals are suggested.

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