scholarly journals Faunistic study on scorpions and their health impact in Bashagard County, Hormozgan Province, Southern Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Shahi ◽  
Seyed Aghil Jaberhashemi ◽  
Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd ◽  
Morteza Akbari ◽  
Javad Rafinejad
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Scorpion Sting ◽  
Southern Iran

Abstract. Shahi M, Jaberhashemi SA, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Akbari M, Rafinejad J. 2020. Faunistic study on scorpions and their health impact in Bashagard County, Hormozgan Province, Southern Iran. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 85-90. Scorpion sting is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries, endangering thousands of lives annually. About 2300 scorpion sting cases including several deaths are reported from Hormozgan Province annually. This study aimed to determine the fauna of scorpions and epidemiological aspects of scorpion sting in one of the high-risk areas in this province. Scorpions were collected by diurnal searching and night catch using UV light during 2015-2016. Clinical and demographic data of scorpion sting were obtained from Hormozgan Health Center using the checklist of the Center for Disease Control (CDC) archive during the study period. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21 software. A total of 382 scorpions comprising of 9 species belonging to Buthidae (76%) and Hemiscorpiidae (24%) families were collected and identified as Mesobuthus phillipsi, Androctonus crassicauda, Hottentotta sistanensis, Compsobuthus persicus, Hemiscorpius acanthocercus, Orthochirus farzanpayi, H. acanthocercus, and Odontobuthos sp. The most abundant species in the study area was M. phillipsi. During 2015-2016, a total of 1221 scorpion sting cases including four deaths were recorded in Bashagard County, while most of the cases occurring during summer. The climate of the eastern regions of Hormozgan Province provides a suitable habitat for one of the deadliest genera of scorpions, i.e. Hemiscorpius. This genus is the main cause of death due to scorpion sting in these regions. It is thus necessary to design appropriate programs for the prevention and treatment of scorpion sting, including health education programs for both community members and healthcare personnel.

scholarly journals Sandfly fauna in an area endemic for visceral leishmaniasis in Aracaju, State of Sergipe, Northeast Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica de Lourdes Sierpe Jeraldo ◽  
Marco Aurélio de Oliveira Góes ◽  
Claudio Casanova ◽  
Claudia Moura de Melo ◽  
Edilson Divino de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, visceral leishmaniasis, a major public health problem, has been spreading from the rural to urban areas in many areas of Brazil, including Aracaju, the capital of the State of Sergipe. However, there are no studies of the sandfly fauna in this municipality or its variation over the year. METHODS: Phlebotomine sandflies were collected from a rural area of Aracaju from September 2007 to July 2009. Modified CDC ultra-violet (UV) light traps were used to evaluate sandfly monthly distribution and their presence in the domestic and peridomestic environments. RESULTS: The most abundant species was Lutzomyia longipalpis (90.4%) followed by Evandromyia lenti (9.6%). A chicken shed trap site had the highest proportion of L. longipalpis (51.1%) and large numbers of L. longipalpis were also collected in the houses closest to the chicken shed. There was a positive correlation between monthly rainfall and L. longipalpis abundance. CONCLUSIONS: Lutzomyia longipalpis is the most abundant species and is probably the main vector of the visceral leishmaniasis agent in the rural area of Aracaju. An increase in L. longipalpis frequency was observed during the rainy season. The peridomicile-intradomicile observations corroborate the importance of chicken sheds for the presence of L. longipalpis in the peridomestic environment. The great numbers of L. longipalpis inside the houses confirm the endophilic behaviour of this species and the possibility of visceral transmission in the intradomicile.

scholarly journals Cancer incidence trend in northern tunisia: 1994-2009

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Dhaouadi ◽  
A Cherif ◽  
M Osman ◽  
M Hsairi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Northern Tunisia ◽  
Incidence Trend ◽  
North East

Abstract Background Cancer is a major public health problem in Tunisia. The objectives of this study were to describe the epidemiological pattern of cancer for all and main cancer sites in Northern Tunisia during the period 2007-2009 and to analyze it’s incidence trend between 1994 and 2009. Methods Cancer registry of Northern Tunisia was the source of data for the identification of patients for this study. This registry notify, since 1994, all cases of malignant tumor in people living in the District of Tunis, Nabeul, Zaghouan, Bizerte (North East) Beja, Jendouba, Kef and Siliana (North West). Cases were codified using the third version of International Classification of Diseases for Oncology. Demographic data were provided by the National Statistical Institute. Incidence trend analysis was achieved by using JoinPoint Software. Results During the period 2007-2009, the age-standardised incidence rate of all sites combined was 149.2/100 000 person-years and 112.3/100 000 person-years respectively among males and females. The sex ratio was 1.26. The mean age at diagnosis was 58.28±16.77 years. The most common sites for males were: lung, bladder, prostate and colorectal; while for females, they were breast, colorectal, thyroid and cervix uteri. Local stage at diagnosis was observed in 37.7% of cases. The highest incidence rates were observed in the District of Tunis and in the governorates of North East. The trend incidence cancer of all sites combined during the period from 1994 to 2009 was significantly risen except for stomach cancer among males and cervix uteri among females with annual percent changes of -2.5% and of -4.1% respectively. Conclusions Despite the existence of a national cancer strategy in Tunisia, many barriers affect the implementation of interventions; while the trend cancer incidence continues to rise particularly in males. Strengthening prevention strategy of this scourge is strongly recommended. Key messages Cancer is a major public health in world and in Tunisia. Prevention must be applied to reduce the incidence of cancer.

scholarly journals THE TRIAL-READY COHORT FOR PRECLINICAL/PRODROMAL ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE (TRC-PAD) – A FUNDAMENTAL ALLY IN AD PREVENTION RESEARCH

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
A.P. Porsteinsson ◽  
E.D. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
Clinical Benefits

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains one of our greatest unmet medical needs, without any approved disease-modifying therapies. The emotional and financial burden of AD is enormous and predicted to grow exponentially with increasing median population age, posing a major public health problem. The potential to prevent or improve cognitive decline due to AD has important implications. There are medications currently approved for symptomatic treatment of AD, but they have limited clinical benefits and do not change the ultimate trajectory of the disease. The need to find effective treatments for AD that can prevent, slow, arrest, or even reverse the disease is ever more urgent and interventions that delay the symptomatic onset of AD would have a major public health impact (1).

scholarly journals Maternal body weight: as predictor of birth weight of new born

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1360
Author(s):  
Padmaja R. Walvekar ◽  
Bhuvana Gajula
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
New Born ◽  
Childhood Morbidity ◽  
Study Association

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem in developing countries, the causes of LBW are multifactorial, associated with maternal, foetal and placental factors. In addition, factors related with maternal anthropometry such as maternal weight, height and BMI also predict anthropometry of new-born. In particular, maternal nutrition during pregnancy has been regarded as an important determinant of foetal growth. Infant size, such as birth weight, was reported to affect not only infant mortality, but also childhood morbidity. To know the association of maternal weight as predictor of birth weight of new-born.Methods: Study among 700 pregnant women using predesigned and pre-tested questionnaire after taking informed consent. Information was collected regarding socio-demographic data and maternal weight and anthropometry of the new-born was collected.Results: Our study showed association of maternal weight and birth weight of new-born, there was no association of maternal weight with length and chest circumference of new-born.Conclusions: In our study association between maternal weight and birth weight of new-born was positively and statistically significant.

scholarly journals Triage and flow management in sepsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hudson Henrique Gomes Pires ◽  
Fábio Fernandes Neves ◽  
Antonio Pazin-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract Background Sepsis is a major public health problem, with a growing incidence and mortality rates still close to 30% in severe cases. The speed and adequacy of the treatment administered in the first hours of sepsis, particularly access to intensive care, are important to reduce mortality. This study compared the triage strategies and intensive care rationing between septic patients and patients with other indications of intensive care. This study included all patients with signs for intensive care, enrolled in the intensive care management system of a Brazilian tertiary public emergency hospital, from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2016. The intensivist periodically evaluated the requests, prioritizing them according to a semi-quantitative scale. Demographic data, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and quick SOFA (qSOFA), as well as surgical interventions, were used as possible confounding factors in the construction of incremental logistic regression models for prioritization and admission to intensive care outcomes. Results The study analyzed 9195 ICU requests; septic patients accounted for 1076 cases (11.7%), 293 (27.2%) of which were regarded as priority 1. Priority 1 septic patients were more frequently hospitalized in the ICU than nonseptic patients (52.2% vs. 34.9%, p <  0.01). Septic patients waited longer for the vacancy, with a median delay time of 43.9 h (interquartile range 18.2–108.0), whereas nonseptic patients waited 32.5 h (interquartile range 11.5–75.8)—p <  0.01. Overall mortality was significantly higher in the septic group than in the group of patients with other indications for intensive care (72.3% vs. 39.8%, p <  0.01). This trend became more evident after the multivariate analysis, and the mortality odds ratio was almost three times higher in septic patients (2.7, 2.3–3.1). Conclusion Septic patients had a lower priority for ICU admission and longer waiting times for an ICU vacancy than patients with other critical conditions. Overall, this implied a 2.7-fold increased risk of mortality in septic patients.

scholarly journals DEMENTIA IN DR. SOETOMO GENERAL HOSPITAL SURABAYA: A SYNTHETIC REVIEW OF ITS CHARACTERISTICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Nabilah Hasna Imami ◽  
Yudha Haryono ◽  
Anggraini Dwi Sensusiati ◽  
Muhammad Hamdan ◽  
Hanik Badriyah Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Dementia Patients

Background: Dementia is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive loss of cognitive function in elderly people interferes the ability to function independently. The number of elderly patients increased so fast in worldwide. The prevalence of dementia rapidly increases due to increasing of population. Aging demographic transition is proceeding rapidly especially in China, India, and Latin America, where dementia is rapidly becoming the major public health problem. Demographic data of elderly patients of dementia in Indonesia is still a little. Dementia’s research data in Indonesia were only obtained from Bali and Yogyakarta, while data from Surabaya were not obtained. Our research data is taken from Dr. General Hospital Soetomo Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. This study is important for dementia epidemiological data and baseline data for further treatment of dementia patients in Surabaya. Objective: The purpose of this study to determine the characteristics profile of elderly patients with dementia in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Methods: Sampling was done with purposive sampling by observing the medical records of patients in the period of January 2017 to December 2017 based on inclusion and exclusion criterias that have been set. The data was taken from the patient's medical record which had been written and examined by neurologists from the neurology department in the neurobehaviour sub-department of Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Results: The majority of dementia patients are men (51,7%); the age group which is most at risk for dementia is between age of 75-79 years; most of the patients are jobless; more than half of patients are high school graduates; and Vascular Dementia (VaD) is the type of dementia that most people suferred Conclusion: This characteristic’s data of dementia can be used for providing information about dementia to make public health care provides a better facillities and treatment for elderly patients to prevent dementia burden.

scholarly journals Biodiversity Species and Ecological Distribution of Scorpions in the City of Darmian, Southern Khorasan, Iran

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Motevalli Haghi ◽  
Mohammad Yousef Mogaddam ◽  
Ahmad Ali Enayati ◽  
Rouhullah Dehghani ◽  
Mahmoud Fazeli-Dinan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Ecological Distribution ◽  
Nocturnal Activity ◽  
Scorpion Sting ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scorpion Stings ◽  
The City

Background and purpose: Scorpionism is a public health problem in Darmian City.  This study was conducted to determine the biodiversity and faunistic of scorpions in order to discover the health preventive features of scorpion sting among the residents of these regions.Methods: A nightly and daily actively searching on distribution and biodiversity of scorpions was carried during April 2015 to March 2016 in Darmian, Iran.Results: A total of 685 scorpions including five species belonging to buthidae family were identified. The highest abundance was observed in warmer months, and Mesobuthus eupeus (54.5%) was the most abundant species. The researchers found a positive correlation between abundance and temperature and a negative correlation between abundance and humidity. The scorpions were observed with more nocturnal activity and were well-adapted with more abundance to the plain, rural, and outdoors environments. Regarding constancy index, all species except A. crassicauda were classified as constant species (C=100). There was no significant difference in the richness of scorpions in different time collections (day or night), geographical areas (plain or mountainous), regions collected (urban or rural), and places (indoors or outdoors). The Shannon and dominant indices were found to be not significantly different between mentioned sites except in time collection.Conclusions: Species composition of scorpions revealed that scorpions were constantly active throughout the year which can play an important role in sting events. So, familiarity of healthcare experts and indigenous people with existing species and their seasonal activities can largely reduce the risk of scorpion stings.

scholarly journals Faunistic Composition and Spatial Distribution of Scorpions in North Khorasan Province Northeast of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faranak Firoozfar ◽  
Abedin Saghafipour ◽  
Hassan Vatandoost ◽  
Mulood Mohammadi Bavani ◽  
Masoumeh Taherpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Scorpion Sting ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Medical Entomology ◽  
Arc Gis

  Background: Scorpions pose one of the most important public health and medical problems in tropical and subtropi-cal regions of the world, especially in developing countries. This study was conducted to determine the fauna and spatial distribution of scorpions. Methods: In this descriptive study, scorpions were captured using ultra-violet (UV) light, pitfall traps and digging methods in North Khorasan Province, northeastern Iran in 2017. After being encoded, the collected scorpions were stored in plastic containers of 70% ethanol and then transferred to the medical entomology lab of Tehran University of Medical Sciences for species identification based on morphological keys. In addition, Arc GIS 9.3 software was utilized for mapping spatial distribution of scorpions. Results: Overall, 143 scorpions were captured and identified. All of collected scorpions belonged only to Buthidae family. They were also classified into four genera (Androctonus, Mesobuthus, Odontobuthus, Orthochirus) and five species: M. eupeus (59.44%), A. crassicauda (16.78%), O. doriae (12.59), M. (Olivierus) caucasicus (9.09%), and O. farzanpayi (2.10%). Furthermore, spatial distribution of scorpions was performed in this area. Conclusion: Regarding the diversity, high frequency and wide geographical distribution of scorpions and their long-term seasonal activity in this area, the probability of occurrence of scorpion sting is high. Therefore, in order to pre-vent the occurrence of this public health problem, health educational programs be implemented by health- care pro-viders in the area.

scholarly journals Assessment of Teachers’ Knowledge about Tuberculosis at Primary School in Balad City

2020 ◽  
Vol 1591 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
Wafaa S. Hasanain
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide and continues to be a major public health problem for low and middle-income countries. Undoubtedly, Lack of knowledge about tuberculosis among health care and education workers, as well as if knowledge and practices of tuberculosis among students were generally insufficient causes an increased risk of contracting the disease. Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic communicable bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The Latest World Health Organization (WHO) Report shows that there were 9.0 Million new TB cases and 1.5 Million tuberculosis deaths. The Transmission of the TB disease by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (a bacterium of a group that includes the causative agents of tuberculosis). takes place by air in the form of sneeze, talk, cough, spit, etc. [1,9,11,12,13] This applied study attempt to identify, assess and analyze teachers’ knowledge about tuberculosis in primary schools. A descriptive design, cross-sectional study was carried out in order to achieve the earlier stated objectives of this study by find out the relationship between teachers’ knowledge and social demographic data (sex, age, academic achievement, ….). The present study lasted for four months by prepared a questionnaires to assess the level of teachers’ knowledge, and these questionnaire contains many themes, each theme contained a number of questions to evaluate and analyze teachers’ knowledge of tuberculosis by answering a set of questions (as a variables); (mode of transmission, symptoms and signs, diagnostic features of TB, duration of treatment, prevention methods, risk of developing tuberculosis). The research hypothesis also states that (mycobacterium tuberculosis factor) has a direct impact on TB infection, and to achieve this hypothesis, a questionnaire was distributed to a sample with a size of (58) teachers and the method of Multiple Logistic Regression was used for statistical treatment. Finally, the research concluded a set of results and conclusions included in tables by comparing Likelihood-ratio chi-square statistics and classification table of the observed versus predicted responses.

scholarly journals Retrospective study of outcome in patients with scorpion sting using prazosin with/without dobutamine

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
L Venugopal ◽  
H Anilkumar ◽  
Dilip M Ram Pure ◽  
L Suresh Kumar ◽  
G Rajashekharappa
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Left Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Scorpion Sting ◽  
Early Use ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Severe Degree

Introduction: Scorpion sting is a major public health problem in India with severe life threatening complications. Toxin can cause autonomic overstimulation leading to hypertension, arrhythmias and pulmonary edema with left ventricular dysfunction. Prazosin has been the ideal antidote for patients with mild to moderate envenomation. In patients with severe envenomation, dobutamine is found to be very useful to prevent morbidity and mortality.Materials and Methods: Retrospective study was done on patients admitted from March 2011 to November 2013 with a history of scorpion bite and adults aged between 20-60 yrs were included. All the patients were subjected to grading of envenomation as mild, moderate and severe degree. Prazosin was given to all 80 patients and dobutamine was given to those who did not show response to prazosin.Results: Majority of patients were in the age group of 31-40 years followed by 21-30 years. Mean age was 31.23±7.23 years. Fifty four patients (67.5%) were male and twenty six (32.5%) were female. 28 patients had mild envenomation, 36 had moderate envenomation and 16 had severe envenomation. 83.33% of patients responded to dobutamine infusion in prazosin resistant cases in our study.Conclusion: Early use of dobutamine should be considered in patients with severe envenomation with left ventricular dysfunction to prevent morbidity and mortality. 2D echo has to be considered to assess left ventricular dysfunction and need for early use of dobutamine.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(2) 2015 61-63

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