Accuracy and Efficiency of Symmetrized Implicit Midpoint Rule for Solving the Water Tank System Problems

The use of water tanks as a tool for storing water before being distributed for daily use has become a widely used system today. Among the attempts to develop a water distribution system is optimization in terms of system and operating costs. In this study, four methods of the Runge Kutta method are the Implicit such as Explicit Euler method, Implicit Euler method, Implicit Midpoint Rule, Runge Kutta Fourth-order method are used and compared with the exact solution method. The method will be compared in terms of accuracy and efficiency in solving differential equations based on set parameters for optimum design of water tank. The accuracy and efficiency of each method can be determined based on error graph. At the end of the study, numerical results obtained indicate that the Implicit Midpoint Rule provides greater stability and accuracy for the fixed stepsize given compared to other numerical methods.

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Design of Optimal PID Controller withɛ-Routh Stability for Different Processes

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2013/582879 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

XianHong Li ◽

HaiBin Yu ◽

MingZhe Yuan

Keyword(s):

Pid Controller ◽

Design Method ◽

Optimization Methods ◽

Pid Controllers ◽

Water Tank ◽

Nonlinear Constraint ◽

Order Error ◽

Interior Method ◽

Tank System ◽

Tuning Methods

This paper presents a design method of the optimal proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller withɛ-Routh stability for different processes through Lyapunov approach. The optimal PID controller could be acquired by minimizing an augmented integral squared error (AISE) performance index which contains control error and at least first-order error derivative, or even may containnth-order error derivative. The optimal control problem could be transformed into a nonlinear constraint optimization (NLCO) problem via Lyapunov theorems. Therefore, optimal PID controller could be obtained by solving NLCO problem through interior method or other optimization methods. The proposed method can be applied for different processes, and optimal PID controllers under various control weight matrices andɛ-Routh stability are presented for different processes. Control weight matrix andɛ-Routh stability’s effects on system performances are studied, and different tuning methods’ system performances are also discussed.ɛ-Routh stability’s effects on disturbance rejection ability are investigated, and different tuning methods’ disturbances rejection ability is studied. To further illustrate the proposed method, experimental results of coupled water tank system (CWTS) under different set points are presented. Both simulation results and experiment results show the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed method.

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Impact of heavy metals on water, fish (Cyprinus carpio) and sediments from a water tank at Tumkur, India

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies ◽

10.2478/v10009-009-0017-5 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

B. Sreedhara Nayaka ◽

S. Ramakrishna ◽

Jayaprakash ◽

M. Delvi

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Total Concentration ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Water Tank ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Nickel Chromium ◽

Soil Sediment ◽

Water Fish ◽

Tank System

Impact of heavy metals on water, fish (This study was carried out to assess the concentrations of various heavy metals and their distribution in a hyper-eutrophic urban Tumkur tank system, which is being polluted from industrial, domestic and sewage effluents. Samples of water, fish and soil sediment were analyzed for the concentration of seven heavy metals (iron, zinc, copper, nickel, chromium, lead and cadmium) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The water-soluble (bioavailable) fractions of heavy metals correlated positively with their total concentration, exhibiting the following sequence of bioavailability: Zn > Cd > Ni > Pb > Cu > Cr > Fe.

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Design of drinkable tap water system at X Apartment, Jakarta

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201819713009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 197 ◽

pp. 13009

Author(s):

Hariastuti Prameswari ◽

Tazkiaturrizki ◽

R Ratnaningsih

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Tap Water ◽

Water System ◽

Clean Water ◽

Water Tank ◽

Drinking Water System ◽

Investment Cost ◽

Tank System ◽

The Cost ◽

System Water

This design aims to contrive a plumbing system X Apartment, Jakarta with a separate clean water and drinking water system. Water supply system that applied to this apartment is roof tank system. Fluctuations in the use of clean water are used to determine the capacity of reservoirs and pumps using the equivalent apartments such as The Bellagio Residence Apartment, Four Winds Apartment, Tamansari Sudirman Apartment, and Setiabudi Residence Apartment. Total demand for clean water for the 1st and 2nd tower is 315.8 m3/day and 39 m3/day for drinking water with 216 m3 of ground water tank capacity. Transfer pumps work for 12 hour/day and the capacity of clean water roof tank for the 1st and 2nd tower are 67.5 m3 while for drinking water roof tank are 7.2 m3. System that has been chosen used 2 stand pipes for both clean water, drinking water, and booster pumps in each tower. This design concluded that The investment cost of clean water and drinking water system and also the construction of X Apartment reservoirs is Rp. 2.393.889.860 and the cost of drinking water that can be saved by residents when using drinkable tap water system is Rp. 874.656 per m3.

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