Street Life, Crime and (Dis)Organised Crime

2019 ◽  
pp. 115-142
Author(s):  
Robert McLean
Keyword(s):  
Organised Crime ◽  
Street Life ◽  
Research Context ◽  
Gang Activity ◽  
Secondary Role ◽  
Broad Audience ◽  
Descriptive Account ◽  
Structure And Activity ◽  
Generic Sense

Following on from the theme of the last chapter which highlighted the formation, membership process, and other structural characterises of gang types in the research context, this chapter continue by presenting the gang, again within the typology framework, and explores gang activity in a more generic sense. In doing so the chapter looks to present what is essentially a descriptive account of the collective and individualistic behaviour which is most commonly associated with each level of gang typology. While structure and activity, are always intertwined and feed off each other, nonetheless the purpose of this chapter is primarily to be descriptive, with structure largely being allotted a secondary role. This is largely because; a) the chapter is aimed at a broad audience, and b) the chapter is merely looking to attribute some degree of activity to the relevant typology, which can be vast at the lower end of gang spectrum.

Gangs and Drug Supply

2019 ◽  
pp. 143-174
Author(s):  
Robert McLean
Keyword(s):  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Drug Markets ◽  
Drug Supply ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Research Context ◽  
Book Discussion ◽  
Descriptive Account ◽  
The Social ◽  
Structure And Activity

While chapter 4 sought to explore organisational and structural properties, chapter 5 sought to provide a generic and largely descriptive account of gang activities sin relation to level of gang organisation. Chapter 6 looks to build upon structure and activity by specifically focusing upon one, and the main, type of activity in which gangs are found to operate within. This is illegal drug supply. By doing so chapter 6 adds the relevance of context to the book discussion. The chapter opens by re-examining the supply of illegal drugs into the British Isles, and more specifically the research context (i.e. Scotland). The chapter then proceeds to outline how drug supply works in relation to context and specific level of gang organisation. YSGs are found to mainly be engaged in the social supply of drugs. YCGs are found to be involved anywhere between retail-level and wholesale drug supply. OCGs are found to be involved in importation and high-end wholesaling of drugs in the county. In addition, OCGs are also found to engage in illegal-governance and thus control to varying degrees the activities of lesser gang types within drug markets.

Street addiction: A proposed theoretical model for understanding the draw of street life and gang activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dessa Kristen Bergen-Cico ◽  
Arnett Haygood-El ◽  
Timothy Noble Jennings-Bey ◽  
Sandra D. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Street Life ◽  
Gang Activity

scholarly journals The criminalisation of gang activity in South Africa: reassessing the rationale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delano Van der Linde
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
The State ◽  
Gang Activity ◽  
Criminal Gang

Criminal gang activity presents a substantial threat to the safety and security of, in particular, the inhabitants of the Cape Flats in Cape Town. The State has intervened legislatively through the form of the Prevention of Organised Crime Act 121 of 1998. This is somewhat of a ‘super-criminalisation’ given that similar common law and statutory measures already existed prior to the promulgation of the Act. What is the rationale for the criminalisation of gang activity in South Africa? Furthermore, if there is sufficient rationale for this super-criminalisation, is there sufficient basis to argue for the additional responsibility of gang leaders, which is currently left uncovered by the Act?

Rediscovering Scottish Gangs: Towards a Typology

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-114
Author(s):  
Robert McLean
Keyword(s):  
Structure Formation ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Street Gangs ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Gang Activity ◽  
Do So

This chapter explores gang evolution and presents findings from original, and follow up, data via participant voices. To achieve the chapters, purpose a typology explaining gang organisation, situated on a shifting continuum, is presented. The typology explains how although gangs may evolve, it is by no means a given that most will do so: in fact few actual do. The chapter then proceeds to explore gang structures and organisational properties, presented in the typology given. The headings within correspond to the typology which outlines three main stages of development as: young street gangs (YSGs); Young Criminal Gangs (YCGs); and Organised Crime Gangs (OCGs). The focus of this chapter is to explore structure, formation, and organisation as opposed to detailing any specific type of gang activity.

Correlative transmission and high-resolution scanning electron microscopic studies on pituitary cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-21
Author(s):  
S. Tai
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Structure And Activity ◽  
Intracellular Structure

Extensive cytological and histological research, correlated with physiological experimental analysis, have been done on the anterior pituitaries of many different vertebrates which have provided the knowledge to create the concept that specific cell types synthesize, store and release their specific hormones. These hormones are stored in or associated with granules. Nevertheless, there are still many doubts - that need further studies, specially on the ultrastructure and physiology of these endocrine cells during the process of synthesis, transport and secretion, whereas some new methods may provide the information about the intracellular structure and activity in detail.In the present work, ultrastructural study of the hormone-secretory cells of chicken pituitaries have been done by using TEM as well as HR-SEM, to correlate the informations obtained from 2-dimensional TEM micrography with the 3-dimensional SEM topographic images, which have a continous surface with larger depth of field that - offers the adventage to interpretate some intracellular structures which were not possible to see using TEM.

Gang Activity in School: Comparing Urban and Suburban Teachers' Perceptions

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Gaskins ◽  
Brian M. Yankouski ◽  
Milton A. Fuentes ◽  
Jason J. Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Gang Activity

Separation of Heparin into Subtractions by DEAE-Cellulose Chromatography

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
pp. 1452-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H Yue ◽  
Toby Starr ◽  
Menard M Gertler
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Uronic Acid ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Net Charge ◽  
Uronic Acid Content ◽  
Successful Separation ◽  
Salt Gradient ◽  
Structure And Activity ◽  
Low Activity

SummaryCommercial porcine heparin can be separated into three distinct subtractions by using DEAE-cellulose chromatography and a stepped salt gradient. Gram quantities of heparin can be fractionated by this technique. All three heparin subtractions can accelerate the inhibition of thrombin by antithrombin III with different efficiency. The specific activities of the high activity heparin, intermediate activity heparin and low activity heparin are 228 units/mg, 142 units/mg and 95 units/mg, respectively. Both the uronic acid content and the quantity of N-SO4 for all three heparin subfractions have been evaluated. The high activity heparin has the lowest uronic acid and N-SO4 content. The successful separation of commercial heparin into three distinct subfractions by means of ion-exchange chromatography suggests that the net charge on these three heparin components will serve as a model system in the elucidation of the structure and activity relationship to the biological function of heparin.

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