Comparative transcriptome profiles of Schistosoma japonicum larval stages: Implications for parasite biology and host invasion

Schistosoma japonicum is prevalent in Asia with a wide mammalian host range, which leads to highly harmful zoonotic parasitic diseases. Most previous transcriptomic studies have been performed on this parasite, but mainly focus on stages inside the mammalian host. Moreover, few larval transcriptomic data are available in public databases. Here we mapped the detailed transcriptome profiles of four S. japonicum larval stages including eggs, miracidia, sporocysts and cercariae, providing a comprehensive development picture outside of the mammalian host. By analyzing the stage-specific/enriched genes, we identified functional genes associated with the biological characteristic at each stage: e.g. we observed enrichment of genes necessary for DNA replication only in sporocysts, while those involved in proteolysis were upregulated in sporocysts and/or cercariae. This data indicated that miracidia might use leishmanolysin and neprilysin to penetrate the snail, while elastase (SjCE2b) and leishmanolysin might contribute to the cercariae invasion. The expression profile of stem cell markers revealed potential germinal cell conversion during larval development. Additionally, our analysis indicated that tandem duplications had driven the expansion of the papain family in S. japonicum. Notably, all the duplicated cathepsin B-like proteases were highly expressed in cercariae. Utilizing our 3rd version of S. japonicum genome, we further characterized the alternative splicing profiles throughout these four stages. Taken together, the present study provides compressive gene expression profiles of S. japonicum larval stages and identifies a set of genes that might be involved in intermediate and definitive host invasion.

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Cancer Stem Cell Markers and Gene Expression Profiles in Human Brain Tumors Following Carbon Ion Beam Irradiation

International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics ◽

10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.1704 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 87 (2) ◽

pp. S643-S644

Author(s):

M. Hasegawa ◽

N. Fujitani ◽

E. Katayama ◽

K. Inoue ◽

I. Asakawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Ion Beam ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Stem Cell Markers ◽

Beam Irradiation ◽

Ion Beam Irradiation ◽

Cancer Stem Cell Markers ◽

Carbon Ion Beam

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Transcription Profiles Associated with Inducible Adhesion in Candida parapsilosis

mSphere ◽

10.1128/msphere.01071-20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joseph M. Bliss ◽

George A. Tollefson ◽

Abigail Cuevas ◽

Sarah J. Longley ◽

Matthew N. Neale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Gene Family ◽

Candida Parapsilosis ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Enrichment Analysis ◽

Gene Families ◽

Mammalian Host ◽

Emerging Infections ◽

Content Type

ABSTRACT Candida parapsilosis has emerged as a frequent cause of invasive candidiasis with increasing evidence of unique biological features relative to C. albicans. As it adapts to conditions within a mammalian host, rapid changes in gene expression are necessary to facilitate colonization and persistence in this environment. Adhesion of the organism to biological surfaces is a key first step in this process and is the focus of this study. Building on previous observations showing the importance of a member of the ALS gene family in C. parapsilosis adhesion, three clinical isolates were cultured under two conditions that mimic the mammalian host and promote adhesion, incubation at 37°C in tissue culture medium 199 or in human plasma. Transcriptional profiles using RNA-seq were obtained in these adhesion-inducing conditions and compared to profiles following growth in yeast media that suppress adhesion to identify gene expression profiles associated with adhesion. Overall gene expression profiles among the three strains were similar in both adhesion-inducing conditions and distinct from adhesion-suppressing conditions. Pairwise analysis among the three growth conditions identified 133 genes that were differentially expressed at a cutoff of ±4-fold, with the most upregulated genes significantly enriched in iron acquisition and transmembrane transport, while the most downregulated genes were enriched in oxidation-reduction processes. Gene family enrichment analysis identified gene families with diverse functions that may have an important role in this important step for colonization and disease. IMPORTANCE Invasive Candida infections are frequent complications of the immunocompromised and are associated with substantive morbidity and mortality. Although C. albicans is the best-studied species, emerging infections by non-albicans Candida species have led to increased efforts to understand aspects of their pathogenesis that are unique from C. albicans. C. parapsilosis is a frequent cause of invasive infections, particularly among premature infants. Recent efforts have identified important virulence mechanisms that have features distinct from C. albicans. C. parapsilosis can exist outside a host environment and therefore requires rapid modifications when it encounters a mammalian host to prevent its clearance. An important first step in the process is adhesion to host surfaces. This work takes a global, nonbiased approach to investigate broad changes in gene expression that accompany efficient adhesion. As such, biological pathways and individual protein targets are identified that may be amenable to manipulation to reduce colonization and disease from this organism.

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Developmental gene expression profiles of the human pathogen Schistosoma japonicum

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/1471-2164-10-128 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 128 ◽

Cited By ~ 100

Author(s):

Geoffrey N Gobert ◽

Luke Moertel ◽

Paul J Brindley ◽

Donald P McManus

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Schistosoma Japonicum ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Human Pathogen ◽

Developmental Gene ◽

Developmental Gene Expression

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Comparative Global Gene Expression Profiles of Wild-TypeYersinia pestisCO92 and Its Braun Lipoprotein Mutant at Flea and Human Body Temperatures

Comparative and Functional Genomics ◽

10.1155/2010/342168 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Cristi L. Galindo ◽

Jian Sha ◽

Scott T. Moen ◽

Stacy L. Agar ◽

Michelle L. Kirtley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcriptional Activation ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Transcriptional Profiling ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Global Gene Expression ◽

Mammalian Host ◽

Metabolic Genes ◽

Stress Related Genes ◽

Highly Virulent

Braun/murein lipoprotein (Lpp) is involved in inflammatory responses and septic shock. We previously characterized aΔlppmutant ofYersinia pestisCO92 and found that this mutant was defective in surviving in macrophages and was attenuated in a mouse inhalation model of plague when compared to the highly virulent wild-type (WT) bacterium. We performed global transcriptional profiling of WTY. pestisand itsΔlppmutant using microarrays. The organisms were cultured at 26 and 37 degrees Celsius to simulate the flea vector and mammalian host environments, respectively. Our data revealed vastly different effects oflppmutation on the transcriptomes ofY. pestisgrown at 37 versus26C. While the absence of Lpp resulted mainly in the downregulation of metabolic genes at26C, theY. pestis Δlppmutant cultured at37Cexhibited profound alterations in stress response and virulence genes, compared to WT bacteria. We investigated one of the stress-related genes (htrA) downregulated in theΔlppmutant relative to WTY. pestis. Indeed, complementation of theΔlppmutant with thehtrAgene restored intracellular survival of theY. pestis Δlppmutant. Our results support a role for Lpp inY. pestisadaptation to the host environment, possibly via transcriptional activation ofhtrA.

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Single-cell analyses of the corneal epithelium: Unique cell types and gene expression profiles

10.1101/2020.08.06.240036 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Surabhi Sonam ◽

Sushant Bangru ◽

Kimberly J. Perry ◽

Auinash Kalsotra ◽

Jonathan J. Henry

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Single Cell ◽

Corneal Epithelium ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Cell Types ◽

Stem Cell Markers ◽

Epithelial Stem Cells ◽

Novel Genes ◽

Corneal Epithelial

ABSTRACTCorneal Epithelial Stem Cells (CESCs) and their proliferative progeny, the Transit Amplifying Cells (TACs), are responsible for homeostasis and maintaining corneal transparency. Owing to our limited knowledge of cell fates and gene activity within the cornea, the search for unique markers to identify and isolate these cells remains crucial for ocular surface reconstruction. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of corneal epithelial cells from stage 49-51 Xenopus larvae. We identified five main clusters with distinct molecular signatures, which represent apical, basal and keratocyte cell types as well as two discrete proliferative cell types in the bi-layered epithelium. Our data reveal several novel genes expressed in corneal cells and spatiotemporal changes in gene expression during corneal differentiation. Through gene regulatory network analysis, we identified key developmental gene regulons, which guide these different cell states. Our study offers a detailed atlas of single-cell transcriptomes in the frog corneal epithelium. In future, this work will be useful to elucidate the function of novel genes in corneal homeostasis, wound healing and cornea regeneration, which includes lens regeneration in Xenopus.SUMMARY STATEMENTThis study identifies cell types and transcriptional heterogeneity in the corneal epithelium that regulate its differentiation, and facilitates the search for corneal stem cell markers.

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Multiomic analysis of Schistosoma mansoni reveals unique expression profiles in cercarial heads and tails

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-02366-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

James R. Hagerty ◽

Hyung Chul Kim ◽

Emmitt R. Jolly

Keyword(s):

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Adult Worm ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Snail Host ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Mammalian Host ◽

Weak Correlation ◽

Translational Activity ◽

Host Invasion

AbstractSchistosomes require both molluscan and mammalian hosts for development. The larval cercaria exits the snail host and swims to identify and invade the mammalian host. The cercaria has two macrostructures, the head and the tail. The head invades the host, where it matures into an adult worm. The tail is lost after host invasion. Translation in the cercaria differs in each macrostructure, with higher levels of translation in the cercarial tail and little to no translational activity in the cercarial head. We compared the transcriptome and proteome of the cercarial head and tail and observed stark differences between the two macrostructures. We identified unique and differentially expressed transcripts and proteins, including ribosomal components expressed in higher levels in tails than in heads, which may explain the differences in translation levels between heads and tails. We also characterized the weak correlation between transcription and translation in infectious cercarial heads and tails.

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Microarray Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles of Schistosoma japonicum Derived from Less-Susceptible Host Water Buffalo and Susceptible Host Goat

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0070367 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. e70367 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jianmei Yang ◽

Yang Hong ◽

Chunxiu Yuan ◽

Zhiqiang Fu ◽

Yaojun Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Schistosoma Japonicum ◽

Microarray Analysis ◽

Water Buffalo ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Susceptible Host

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Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals developmental heterogeneity among Plasmodium berghei sporozoites

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82914-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anthony A. Ruberto ◽

Caitlin Bourke ◽

Nicolas Merienne ◽

Thomas Obadia ◽

Rogerio Amino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Cell ◽

Salivary Glands ◽

Rna Sequencing ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Malaria Prevention ◽

Mammalian Host ◽

Marker Genes ◽

Single Cell Rna Sequencing

AbstractIn the malaria-causing parasite’s life cycle, Plasmodium sporozoites must travel from the midgut of a mosquito to the salivary glands before they can infect a mammalian host. However, only a fraction of sporozoites complete the journey. Since salivary gland invasion is required for transmission of sporozoites, insights at the molecular level can contribute to strategies for malaria prevention. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing provide an opportunity to assess sporozoite heterogeneity at a resolution unattainable by bulk RNA sequencing methods. In this study, we use a droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing workflow to analyze the transcriptomes of over 8000 Plasmodium berghei sporozoites derived from the midguts and salivary glands of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. The detection of known marker genes confirms the successful capture and sequencing of samples composed of a mixed population of sporozoites. Using data integration, clustering, and trajectory analyses, we reveal differences in gene expression profiles of individual sporozoites, and identify both annotated and unannotated markers associated with sporozoite development. Our work highlights the utility of a high-throughput workflow for the transcriptomic profiling of Plasmodium sporozoites, and provides new insights into gene usage during the parasite’s development in the mosquito.

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