scholarly journals Host Genetics and Environment Drive Divergent Responses of Two Resource Sharing Gall-Formers on Norway Spruce: A Common Garden Analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e0142257 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Petter Axelsson ◽  
Glenn R. Iason ◽  
Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto ◽  
Thomas G. Whitham
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Host Genetics

scholarly journals Variation in growth of Norway spruce in the IUFRO 1972 provenance experimental series

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Chmura ◽  
Jan Matras ◽  
Władysław Barzdajn ◽  
Włodzimierz Buraczyk ◽  
Wojciech Kowalkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Experimental Series ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Quadratic Mean Diameter ◽  
Adaptation Ability

Abstract Provenance experiments traditionally provide information on genetic variation within tree species in adaptation ability and other traits important for commercial forestry. In this study we investigated variation in growth among 20 populations of Nor­way spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) at four common-garden sites of the IUFRO 1972 provenance experimental series at the age close to half of rotation. Because stand density varied among sites, we analyzed stand density-adjusted basal area (BA) and quadratic mean diameter (Dq). The examined prove­nances varied significantly in both analyzed traits. We identi­fied provenances that performed consistently better or worse than average across all four sites. Among the well-growing and possibly adaptive seed sources were those from the uplands of the eastern and central Poland, Sudety Mts, and from the regi­on of Istebna in Beskid Mts. Performance of the other populati­ons from Beskid Mountains was average to poor, and all high-altitude populations were poor-growing. The results of this study help to verify the knowledge of genetic variation pattern among Norway spruce populations in Poland, and to guide management decisions regarding spruce planting material.

scholarly journals Genetic Structure of Norway Spruce Ecotypes Studied by SSR Markers

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Bínová ◽  
Jiří Korecký ◽  
Jakub Dvořák ◽  
Jan Bílý ◽  
Dagmar Zádrapová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Morphological Variants ◽  
Common Garden Experiments ◽  
Genetically Determined

Norway spruce is a widespread and economically highly important tree species in Central Europe which occurs there in different morphotypic forms (also known as ecotypes). Previously established common garden experiments indicated that the morphological differentiation is most likely genetically determined. The genetic structure of Norway spruce morphological variants might be an indicator (marker) of specific sustainability in forest ecosystems. In this study, we investigated 436 individuals from autochthonous populations belonging to three different ecotypes. The main aim was to evaluate a level of genetic intra and interpopulation diversity among the low, medium and high-elevation ecotypes using both expressed sequence tag simple sequence repeats (EST – SSR) and genomic SSR markers. Sixteen highly polymorphic microsatellite loci folded in two newly designed multiplexes were used to depicture the genetic structure of targeted trees. Important allele frequency parameters, such as the mean expected (0.722, SE = 0.061) and observed (0.585, SE = 0.062) heterozygosity and mean effective number of alleles (Ne = 5.943, SE = 1.279), were estimated. The low genetic differentiation detected among different ecotypes (Fst = 0.008) was further discussed and clarified.

Effects of resource sharing directionality on physiologically integrated clones of the invasive Carpobrotus edulis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Portela ◽  
Rodolfo Barreiro ◽  
Sergio R Roiloa
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Biomass Partitioning ◽  
Physiological Integration ◽  
Carpobrotus Edulis ◽  
System Resource ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Partitioning Pattern ◽  
Aboveground Growth

Abstract Aims One of the key traits associated with clonal growth in plants is the capacity for physiological integration, which allows resource sharing between connected ramets within a clonal system. Resource transport is expected to occur following a source–sink relationship: from ramets established in rich patches to ramets growing in poor patches. However, some experiments have shown that acropetal transport (from basal to apical modules) usually exceeds basipetal transport (from apical to basal ramets). In this study, we aimed to determine the resource transport directionality in physiologically integrated modules of the invader Carpobrotus edulis. Methods We conducted two manipulative experiments under common garden conditions that studied the effect of different nutrient levels located at different positions (basal, medial, apical) on connected and disconnected clonal systems of C. edulis. We compared the biomass partitioning patterns and final biomass of ramets to elucidate whether the effect of physiological integration is affected by the directionality of the resource transport. Important Findings Results indicate a prevalent acropetal transport of resources in C. edulis, with a developmentally-programmed division of labor where basal ramets were specialized in obtaining soil-based resources and apical ramets specialized in aboveground growth. This biomass-partitioning pattern was not affected by the nutrient conditions in which basal or apical ramets were growing, although the highest benefit was achieved by apical ramets growing under the most stressed conditions. This developmentally-programmed division of labor is expected to increase the lateral growth of C. edulis, and therefore could have meaningful implications for the expansion of this invasive species.

Tree species and earthworm effects on soil nutrient distribution and turnover in a northeastern United States common garden

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
April M. Melvin ◽  
Christine L. Goodale
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Litter Chemistry ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Earthworm Invasion

Differences in soil nutrients beneath different tree species are often attributed to the impacts of species-level patterns of nutrient uptake and litter chemistry. However, in naturally established forests it is difficult to isolate tree species' influence on soil development from differences in underlying soil properties that can affect tree species establishment. To discern the impacts of tree species on soil properties, we investigated how Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.), red oak (Quercus rubra L.), and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall) influence the distribution of carbon, nitrogen, and calcium in a 67-year-old common garden. We expected these species would produce foliar litter with contrasting chemistry, resulting in corresponding variation in organic matter (OM) turnover and nutrient accumulation in soils. Instead, we found that forest floor mean residence time correlated negatively with earthworm density and did not correlate with any measurement of litter chemistry. Red oak exhibited the fastest OM turnover and highest earthworm densities and Norway spruce showed the greatest OM accumulation and fewest earthworms. These findings suggest that future changes in earthworm invasion and forest tree species composition may have strong implications for ecosystem nutrient cycling and retention.

scholarly journals Heritable and climatic sources of variation in juvenile tree growth in an Austrian common garden experiment of Central European Norway spruce populations

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Morales ◽  
Kelly Swarts
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Central European ◽  
Sources Of Variation

We leveraged publicly available data on juvenile tree height of 299 Central European Norway spruce populations grown in a common garden experiment across 24 diverse trial locations in Austria and weather data from the trial locations and population provenances to parse the heritable and climatic components of tree height variation. Principal component analysis of geospatial and weather variables demonstrated high interannual variation among trial environments, largely driven by differences in precipitation, and separation of population provenances based on altitude, temperature, and snowfall. Tree height was highly heritable and genetic variation for tree height was strongly associated with climatic relationships among population provenances. Modeling the covariance between populations and trial environments based on climatic data increased the heritable signal for tree height.

scholarly journals Evolvability of Drought Response in Four Native and Non-native Conifers: Opportunities for Forest and Genetic Resource Management in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Schueler ◽  
Jan-Peter George ◽  
Sandra Karanitsch-Ackerl ◽  
Konrad Mayer ◽  
Raphael Thomas Klumpp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Drought Sensitivity ◽  
Seed Transfer ◽  
Intraspecific Genetic Variation

Intraspecific genetic variation in drought response is expected to play an important role in determining the persistence of tree populations in global change as it (1) allows for spontaneous selection and local adaptation of tree populations, (2) supports assisted seed transfer of less-drought-sensitive provenance, and (3) enables the integration of drought-sensitivity traits into tree breeding. Estimating the potential of such adaptation options requires quantitative genetic knowledge of drought sensitivity across significant parts of species distributions and a comparative assessment of genetic variation within economically and ecologically important tree species. We quantified genetic variation within and among populations of four conifers growing within common garden experiments in the drought-prone eastern Austria. This region experienced three strong drought periods between 1980 and 2010 that resulted in significant reductions in radial growth. Among the four tested species, Douglas-fir revealed the highest resistance during drought and silver fir the best recovery after drought, while European larch and Norway spruce showed the lowest resistance. High genetic variation among populations and phenotypic stability across all three drought events was found for Norway spruce and silver fir, but not for the other species. Heritability and evolvability of drought traits, both approximated via genetic repeatability, revealed strong differences among populations of all four species. Repeatability and evolvability for resistance were highest in Norway spruce and, for recovery, highest in European larch. Our comparison indicates that the mean drought sensitivity of a species is not related to the intraspecific genetic variation in drought response. Thus, also highly drought-sensitive species, such as Norway spruce and European larch, harbor significant genetic variation in drought response within and among populations to justify targeted tree breeding, assisted gene flow, and supportive forest management to foster local adaptations to future conditions.

Methane emissions from Scots pine and Norway spruce in the spring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salla Tenhovirta ◽  
Lukas Kohl ◽  
Markku Koskinen ◽  
Marjo Patama ◽  
Mari Pihlatie
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Atmospheric Methane ◽  
Geophysical Research ◽  
Custom Made

<p>Plant shoots can emit methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) which is produced by an unknown aerobic, non-enzymatic process within the plant. Only a few publications report shoot CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes outside a laboratory setting, and those of boreal trees come to contradictory results (Machacova et al., 2016; Sundqvist et al., 2012).  Resolving the CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes of boreal trees is needed in order to understand the role of boreal forests in the global methane budget.</p><p>We conducted shoot chamber measurements on Scots pine (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em>) and Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em>) between April and May 2019, to find out if the shoots of boreal conifer trees are a source of aerobic CH<sub>4</sub> during the early growing season. The experiment was done with potted 2-3 year old nursery saplings in a common garden experiment, to enable regular measurements over a period of six weeks. CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes were measured 2-3 times per day, on two days per week from seven saplings (four <em>P. sylvestris</em> and three <em>P. abies</em>, respectively). We also conducted two around the clock campaigns where we measured the saplings hourly throughout the day and night. The CH<sub>4</sub> and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) exchange were quantified with a portable LGR online greenhouse gas analyser connected in closed loop to custom-made, transparent shoot chambers. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was measured concurrently with a PP Systems EGM-4 monitor.</p><p>Our measurements show emissions of CH<sub>4</sub> from both tree species, ranging from 0.25 to 7.64 and -0.45 to 6.42 g<sup>-1</sup> needle dry weight h<sup>-1</sup> (inter-quartile range) from <em>P. sylvestris</em> and <em>P. abies </em>shoots, respectively. The shoot CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from both species correlated positively with PAR. During the around the clock measurements the emissions showed a diurnal pattern. Our experiment demonstrates that the shoots of both <em>P. sylvestris</em> and <em>P. abies</em> can be a source of CH<sub>4</sub> in the spring and that the source process is likely driven by solar irradiation.</p><p> </p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p>Machacova, K., Bäck, J., Vanhatalo, A. et al. 2016. Pinus sylvestris as a missing source of nitrous oxide and methane in boreal forest. Scientific Reports, 6(September 2015), 1–8.</p><p>Sundqvist, E., Crill, P., Mlder, M. et al. 2012. Atmospheric methane removal by boreal plants. Geophysical Research Letters, 39(21), 10–15.</p>

scholarly journals Variability among Sites and Climate Models Contribute to Uncertain Spruce Growth Projections in Denmark

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Weiwei Huang ◽  
Patrick Fonti ◽  
Anders Ræbild ◽  
Jørgen Bo Larsen ◽  
Hubert Wellendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Summer Drought

Projecting trees species growth into future climate is subject to large uncertainties and it is of importance to quantify the different sources (e.g., site, climate model) to prioritize research efforts. This study quantifies and compares sites and climate model-induced uncertainties in projected Norway spruce growth from Denmark. We analyzed tree-rings from 340 Norway spruce trees sampled in 14 planted stands (1. Plantation; period 1950–1987) and additionally 36 trees from six trials in a common garden experiment (2. Common garden; period 1972–2012). Growth-climate correlations were estimated and multiple linear and nonlinear regression models relating growth with climate were tested. Tree growth was projected up to 2100 applying multiple linear or quadratic regression models based on the 15 Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The climate-growth models showed that summer drought and warm previous-year late-summer and early-autumn constrain growth. In some stands, warm springs affected growth positively. The projections of growth under future climates on average showed from no to slightly negative changes in growth compared to present growth rates. However, projections showed a very large variation, ranging from highly positive to highly negative growth changes. The uncertainties due to variation in site responses and in climate models were substantial. A lesser degree of uncertainty was related to the emission scenarios. Even though our projections on average suggest that Norway spruce may experience a growth reduction in the future, the tremendous variation in growth predictions due to differences between stands and climate models calls for further research and caution when projections are interpreted. These results also suggest that forest managers in general should avoid the use of Norway spruce on exposed and drought prone sites and as an additional resilience measure primarily use it in mixtures with other more climate tolerant species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document